Research on Preparation Methods of Ultrafine Softwood Powder

Changsheng Fan,Dongxia Yang,Hongling Wang,Yan Sun,Hua lou,Hongru Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.4

Pine wood sawdust is used as raw materials for experimental processing into ultrafine wood powder. Sizes of ultrafine wood powder particles serve as a standard for measuring ultrafine processing. The core part of the experimental processing equipment is the millstone which can exert great shear force and grinding force on strong fiber materials so as to ensure the successful preparation of ultrafine particles. The “equilibrium orbit” model is used to simulate processed superfine particles in calculating separation performance. Moreover, the CFD is chosen for simulating separation performance of wood powder particles with different sizes in the two-phase flow field, so as to ensure the successful separation and grading of wood powder particles with different sizes in the practical processing. Research is made on physical properties of collected wood powder as samples with different sizes and influence on composite material properties when ultrafine wood powder is taken as padding. Research on ultrafine wood powder provides meaningful experimental data and theoretical support for the future research on micro-nano fibrils.

반탄화 목분과 폐활성탄 혼합물의 복합연료활용을 위한 연료적 특성에 관한 연구

이창구 ( Chang Goo Lee ),강석구 ( Seog Goo Kang ) 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구는 반탄화 목분과 정수기 필터용 폐활성탄 분쇄물을 혼합한 혼합물을 연료로 사용하였을 경우의 그 연료적 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 반탄화 목분은 국산 범용수종인 졸참나무와 소나무를 이용하여 급속으로 목재칩 열가공처리가 가능한 wood roaster를 이용하여 처리하였으며 처리조건은 200℃에서 각 300 s, 450 s, 600 s를 적용하였다. 이때 폐활성탄과 반탄화 목분의 혼합비율은 중량대비(wt%) 5 : 95, 10 : 90, 15 : 85, 20 : 80, 40 : 60, 60 : 40, 80 : 20으로 하였으며, 이에 대한 연료적 특성에 평가를 위해 발열량, 원소분석, 회분함량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 동일시간, 온도 등의 wood roasting 처리조건에서 소나무가 졸참나무에 비해 탄소함량이 더 높았으며, 이는 낮은온도와 짧은 시간에 최적 탄화도를 나타냄으로 소나무가 효율적인 반탄화 작업이 가능함을 알 수 있다. 2. 반탄화 목분 및 무처리 목분의 폐활성탄 첨가율이 증가할수록 총발열량 값은 급격히 증가하였고 회분함량 또한 증가하였다. 3. 반탄화 목분과 무처리 목분에 폐활성탄을 혼합한 경우에는 두 조건 모두 첨가율에 따라 총발열량은 증가하지만 무처리 보다는 반탄화 목분 그리고 졸참나무보다는 소나무가 더 높은 총발열량을 나타냈다. 4. 폐활성탄을 목분과 함께 혼합물의 원료로 사용하기 위해서는 800℃, 4시간 연소조건 이상의 고온 연소조건이 필요하다고 판단된다. 이는 800℃, 4시간 연소조건에서도 완전연소가 되지 않고 회분상태로 잔류하는 함량이 매우 높기 때문이다. 5. 또한 무처리 목분과 반탄화 목분에 폐활성탄을 혼합한 조건 중 무처리 목분에 폐활성탄을 혼합하는 조건이 총발열량의 증가율이 더 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 현상은 소나무보다는 졸참나무가 더 명확하게 나타났다. 최적 회분함량의 폐활성탄 첨가비율은 소나무 무처리 목분에 총 중량대비 5% 이상, 10% 미만의 조건이며 이는 1급 펠릿에 해당되는 0.7% 미만의 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. This study evaluated fuel properties of composite materials which were prepared by mixing a waste activated carbon from the used purifier filter with torrefied wood powder. Wood species of the raw material of torrefied wood powder are oak wood (Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray) and pine wood (Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc). And the treatment conditions used for this study were 300 s, 450 s, and 600 s at 200℃ for the wood roaster. Also, the mixing ratios are 5 : 95, 10 : 90, 15 : 85, 20 : 80, 40 : 60, 60 : 40 and 80 : 20 (waste activated carbon : torrefied wood powder). The fuel properties such as highly heating value (HHV), elementary analysis and ash content were evaluated. The results obtained are followings; 1. Despite the same treatment condition of wood roasting, pine wood has higher carbon contents than oak wood. Therefore, pine wood indicated the optimum carbonization at low temperature and short treatment times. 2. The gross calorific value and ash content increased as the mixing ratio of waste activated carbon increased. 3. Mixtures of the waste activated carbon and torrefied wood powder showed greater gross calorific value than those of the mixtures of waste activated carbon and the untreated wood powder. Also, the pine wood resulted in higher heating value that thaose of the oak wood. 4. When composite fuels that were composed waste activate carbon and wood powder are used, higher temperature conditions are required because the combustion is incomplete at 800℃ and 4 hours. 5. The increasing rate of the gross calorific value of mixtures of waste activated carbon and untreated wood powder is higher than does the mixtures of waste activated carbon and torrefied wood powder. Also, this phenomenon is more obvious for pine woods. Therefore, an optimal mixing ratio of waste activated carbon was determined to be between 5% and 10% (wt%). Also, this condition satisfied the requirement of the No.1 grade of wood pellet.

Study on Rapid Measurement of Wood Powder Concentration of Wood-Plastic Composites using FT-NIR and FT-IR Spectroscopy Techniques

Byoung Kwan Cho,Santosh Lohoumi,Chul Choi,Seong Min Yang,Seog Goo Kang 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.6

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a promising and sustainable material, and refers to a combination of wood and plastic along with some binding (adhesive) materials. In comparison to pure wood material, WPCs are in general have advantages of being cost effective, high durability, moisture resistance, and microbial resistance. The properties of WPCs come directly from the concentration of different components in composite; such as wood flour concentration directly affect mechanical and physical properties of WPCs. In this study, wood powder concentration in WPC was determined by Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The reflectance spectra from WPC in both powdered and tableted form with five different concentrations of wood powder were collected and preprocessed to remove noise caused by several factors. To correlate the collected spectra with wood powder concentration, multivariate calibration method of partial least squares (PLS) was applied. During validation with an independent set of samples, good correlations with reference values were demonstrated for both FT-NIR and FT-IR data sets. In addition, high coefficient of determination (R2 p) and lower standard error of prediction (SEP) was yielded for tableted WPC than powdered WPC. The combination of FT-NIR and FT-IR spectral region was also studied. The results presented here showed that the use of both zones improved the determination accuracy for powdered WPC; however, no improvement in prediction result was achieved for tableted WPCs. The results obtained suggest that these spectroscopic techniques are a useful tool for fast and nondestructive determination of wood concentration in WPCs and have potential to replace conventional methods.

표면개질된 Pinus rigida 분말에 의한 하수처리 효율개선

정명선 ( Myoung Sun Jeong ) 한국수처리학회 2015 한국수처리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

This research was performed to clarify the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by wood powder and to subsequently provide kinetic parameters for activated sludge process. Mixed powder was added directly to the aeration basin in the activated sludge process. The COD and phosphorus removals in the reactor were increased by 10 ~20%, 50~60%, respectively. Addition of the mixed powder achieved over 80% on nitrogen removal. Dewaterability of the sludge was determined by measuring the capillary suction time(CST). The sludge produced from the process with the mixed powder exhibited improved dewaterability, which was probably due to the conditioning effect of FeCl3 solution used in preparation of the mixed powder. The heat of sludge was also increased from 3,642kcal/kg to 5,748kcal/kg by the addition of the powder to the activated sludge process. The result of activated sludge system operation provided an evidence that the addition of wood powder to the system could enhance the overall treatment efficiency.

판지의 강도 향상을 위한 신규 유기충전제 개발

이지영,김철환,박종혜,김은혜,윤경태 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.45 No.3

Wood powder is widely used in paperboard mills to increase bulk and reduce drying-energy consumption, but this material also deteriorates paper strength because it interferes with the bonds between fibers. Although there have been many studies done to improve the strength of paperboard containing wood powder, specific applications have not recently been observed in paperboard mills. In this study, we carried out a new approach for improving paperboard strength by developing a new organic filler with the ability to increase the bonds between fibers. The residue of tapioca starch was used as raw material to manufacture an organic filler. The functionalities, including bulk and strength, were evaluated by making handsheets containing either wood powder or tapioca organic filler, or a mixture of the two, and measuring their physical properties. The organic filler showed lower bulk improvement and higher paperboard strength than the wood powder. The mixture of tapioca organic filler and wood powder showed improved paperboard strength compared to wood powder alone. Therefore, tapioca residue can be used as a raw material to manufacture an organic filler for paperboard mills.

판지의 강도 향상을 위한 신규 유기충전제 개발

이지영(Ji Young Lee),김철환(Chul Hwan Kim),박종혜(Jong Hye Park),김은혜(Eun Hea Kim),윤경태(Kyeong Tae Yun) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.5

Wood powder is widely used in paperboard mills to increase bulk and reduce drying-energy consumption, but this material also deteriorates paper strength because it interferes with the bonds between fibers. Although there have been many studies done to improve the strength of paperboard containing wood powder, specific applications have not recently been observed in paperboard mills. In this study, we carried out a new approach for improving paperboard strength by developing a new organic filler with the ability to increase the bonds between fibers. The residue of tapioca starch was used as raw material to manufacture an organic filler. The functionalities, including bulk and strength, were evaluated by making handsheets containing either wood powder or tapioca organic filler, or a mixture of the two, and measuring their physical properties. The organic filler showed lower bulk improvement and higher paperboard strength than the wood powder. The mixture of tapioca organic filler and wood powder showed improved paperboard strength compared to wood powder alone. Therefore, tapioca residue can be used as a raw material to manufacture an organic filler for paperboard mills.

표면개질된 Pinus rigida 분말을 이용한 하수의 질소,인 제거

정명선 ( Myoung Sun Jeong ) 한국수처리학회 2015 한국수처리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

This research was performed to clarify the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by wood powder. In this work, Pinus rigida which is abundant in Korea and has no economic value was used in preparation of the wood powder as a sorbent material. The experiments were carried out in 2 phases, isothermal adsorption test, column test. The results of adsorption test fitted well the Langmuir and Feundlich isothermal equations. Mixed powder which contained 50% bark powder and 50% woody powder exhibited higher adsorption bond energy and adsorption capacity than woody powder alone. Effects of sulfate and organic matters on phosphate uptake by mixed powder were studied by running equilibrium column tests at background sulfate and COD concentrations, 300mg/L and 150mg/L, respectively. The effects of sulfate and COD were not evident, while the removal of TN and PO4-P was over 99% and 98%, respectively. It was found that the mixed powder was effective in the selective removal of nitrogen and phosphate.

플라즈마 처리가 목분/폴리프로필렌 복합재의 계면에 미치는 영향 연구

하종록 ( Jong Rok Ha ),김병선 ( Byung Sun Kim ),이진우 ( Jin Woo Yi ) 한국복합재료학회 2013 Composites research Vol.26 No.3

상온·상압 플라즈마 표면처리된 목분을 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene)과 혼합하였을 때 두 재료의 계면에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 목분과 폴리프로필렌을 압출기를 통해 기계적으로 혼합한 후 사출기를 이용하여 목분함유량 50 wt% 목분/폴리프로필렌(Wood Plastic Composite, WPC) 복합재를 제조하였다. 플라즈마 표면처리 공정에 가장 적합한 Monomer(모노머)를 찾기 위해 Oxygen, Benzene, CH-4, Acrylic-acid, Hexafluoroethane, Trifluorotolune, Hexamethyl-disiloxane(HMDSO) 등 7가지의 모노머에 대해 Contact angle(접촉각)을 측정하여 표면에너지를 계산 하였다. 그 결과 HMDSO가 가장 높은 표면에너지를 나타내어 플라즈마 공정의 모노머로 적용하였다. 소수성인 폴리프로필렌과 친수성인 목분을 플라즈마 표면처리를 통하여 목분의 표면을 개질하였고 두 재료의 계면 결합력을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 기계적 물성평가 결과는 인장강도의 경우 최대 7.59%, 굴곡강도의 경우 최대 12.43%가 증가하였다. SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)을 이용하여 파단면을 관찰하였고 플라즈마 표면처리의 효과를 확인하였다. Atmospheric glow plasma polymerization was applied to wood powder before fabricating polypropylene (PP) matrix composites. Seven different types of monomers (Oxygen, Benzene, CH4, Acrylic-acid, Hexafluoroethane, Trifluorotolune, Hexamethyl-disiloxane) were analyzed to determine the most suitable precursor for plasma polymerization. The surface energy was calculated from measured contact angle about each monomer on PP. Hexamethyl-disiloxane (HMDSO) had a highest surface energy and is selected as the most suitable monomer. Wood powder and polypropylene were mixed as pellets by twin screw extruder and then 50 wt% wood powder/PP composites were produced by an injection machine. Tensile strength and Flexural strength have improved by 7.59% and 12.43% at the maximum respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observation on the fracture surface revealed that the plasma polymerization have improved the interfacial bonding and the mechanical properties of the composites.

목질 벌크향상제 분획별 적용에 따른 라이너지의 건조효율 및 물성변화

김동섭(Dong-Seop Kim),윤도현(Do-Hyun Yoon),성용주(Yong Joo Sung) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2014 펄프.종이기술 Vol.46 No.5

The energy efficiency of papermaking process becomes more significant because of various new regulation of the energy consumption and the green house gas emission. In this study, the effects of wood powder addition on the drainage and the drying efficiency of the OCC based paper products, linerboard, were deeply investigated for improving energy efficiency. The fractionation of wood powder depending on the size were conducted. The bigger size of wood powder resulted in the higher bulk and the higher drainage efficiency, but the lower paper strength. The drying efficiency were in detail evaluated depending on the drying process level. In the first section of drying process until the 80% solid level, there were no significant changes in the drying efficiency by the addition of wood powder. However, after the 80 % solid level, the drying efficiency was greatly improved by the addition of wood powder. Those results showed the addition of wood powder could greatly affect not only the drainage in forming and wet pressing but also the drying process.

프로필렌의 플라즈마 처리로 개질된 목분이 복합재료의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향

조동련 ( Dong Lyun Cho ),하종록 ( Jong-rok Ha ),김병선 ( Byung Sun Kim ),이진우 ( Jin Woo Yi ) 한국복합재료학회 2017 Composites research Vol.30 No.2

프로필렌의 플라즈마 처리로 목분을 표면 개질하여 복합재 기지인 PP와 상용성을 가지게 하였다. 프로필렌을 플라즈마로 처리하여 증착된 소수성 박막 필름의 화학적 구조는 PP와 흡사하였다. 목분과 PP는 이축 압출기에 의해 펠렛으로 만들어 졌고 50 wt% wood powder/PP 복합재료는 사출 성형기에 의해 성형되었다. 인장강도와 굴곡 강도는 최고 7.59% and 12.43%까지 향상되었으며 파단면에 대한 SEM 관찰로 플라즈마 중합이 계면 접착력과 기계적 특성을 향상시킨 것을 볼 수 있었다. Wood powders were surface-modified by plasma-treating propylene to make them compatible with PP matrix in WPC(wood powder composite). The plasma treatment of propylene resulted in the deposition of an ultrathin hydrophobic film which had the chemical structure similar to that of polypropylene. Wood powder and polypropylene were mixed to pellets by twin screw extruder and then 50 wt% wood powder/PP composites were produced by an injection machine. Tensile strength and flexural strength were improved by 7.59% and 12.43% at the maximum respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) observation on the fracture surface revealed that the treatment improved the interfacial bonding and the mechanical properties of the composites.