Behavior of Water Vapor Permeability on Layered System

오애경 한국의류산업학회 2009 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study investigates the behavior of water vapor permeability of a layered system to find out a comfortable combination of a layered system for outdoor activities and examines the water vapor permeability of various types of outdoor clothing fabrics. The layered system includes the base layer such as sportswool and polyester/cotton fabrics, the middle layer such as single and double sided fleece fabrics, and the shell layer such as polyurethane-coated, PTFE-laminated and microfiber fabrics in this experiment. Results show that the layered system was applied, it was working together as a whole having some influence on each other layer, though every layer offered varying degree of water vapor permeability. Water vapor permeability of layered system exactly followed the same trend as the shell layer, which is all vapor permeable water repellent fabrics as a single layer. The rate of water vapor transfer through a layered system is mainly related to the type of vapor permeable water repellent fabrics used for the shell layer.

Behavior of Water Vapor Permeability on Layered System

Oh, Ae-Gyeong The Society of Fashion and Textile Industry 2009 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study investigates the behavior of water vapor permeability of a layered system to find out a comfortable combination of a layered system for outdoor activities and examines the water vapor permeability of various types of outdoor clothing fabrics. The layered system includes the base layer such as sportswool and polyester/cotton fabrics, the middle layer such as single and double sided fleece fabrics, and the shell layer such as polyurethane-coated, PTFE-laminated and microfiber fabrics in this experiment. Results show that the layered system was applied, it was working together as a whole having some influence on each other layer, though every layer offered varying degree of water vapor permeability. Water vapor permeability of layered system exactly followed the same trend as the shell layer, which is all vapor permeable water repellent fabrics as a single layer. The rate of water vapor transfer through a layered system is mainly related to the type of vapor permeable water repellent fabrics used for the shell layer.

후지(厚地) 면직물의 특성에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : Frazier법에 의한 통기도

변희윤,김덕리,구자길,황백순 부산대학교 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

This paper describes the properties and air permeability of heavy cotton fabrics. The physical properties (air permeability and water vapor transmission in fiber assembly) have considerable effects on hygiene and comfort. The studies on air permeability and water vapor transmission were carried out using many types of apparatus. In this study, air permeability, open free area, relative open free area, pore diameter, and water vapor transmission were obtained by computerized Frazier Method. Air permeability of heavy cotton fabrics has correlation with open free area and relative open free area, respectively (r=0.9 over). By controlling the fabric count and yarn diameter, we could predict air permeability. As the ratio of open free area, relative open free area, and air permeability were increased, the value of water vapor transmission resistance was decreased. 본 연구는 후지 면직물의 특성에 관한 첫 번째 연구로 후지 면직물의 통기도에 관해서 조사하였다. 섬유집합체의 통기성과 투습성은 위생성능면과 쾌적성 평가면에서 매우 중요한 인자중의 하나이다. 따라서 섬유집합체의 통기성과 투습성에 관한 연구는 오래 전부터 행해졌으며 여러 가지형의 시험기도 개발되어 왔다. 그중 본 연구에서는 Frazier법으로 측정하여 통기성과 평면기공률, 상대평면기공률, Pore diameter 및 투습저항과의 관계를 조사해본 결과 면 후지직물의 통기성은 평면기공률, 상대평면기공률과 각각 정상관의 관계이고(r=0.9이상), 직물의 밀도와 실의 지름을 제어함으로써 통기성을 예측할 수 있었고 직물의 평면기공률, 상대평면기공률, 공기투과도가 크면 투습저항이 적어졌다.

Development of tricot warp knitted fabrics with moisture management for casual shirt

Qing Chen,Jie Feng,Bomou Ma,Bailu Fu,Rong Zheng,Jintu Fan 한국의류학회 2022 Fashion and Textiles Vol.9 No.1

Warp knitted mesh fabric was usually applied to sportswear due to good air transmission, but without multilayer structure and one-way transport property. In order to solve this problem, the miss-lapping structure was applied to examine the possibility to fabricate multilayer and improve water transport in warp knitting structure. Besides, the efect of thread type and warp density on comfort properties were also exploited to enhance the moisture management. The moisture management test, water vapor permeability and air permeability were examined. Long foat at the back side in structure I formed by miss-lapping could improve liquid transport and air permeability, but slightly reduce water vapor permeability. With proper density, there existed the optimal one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management. Warp density in 20 cpc was an optimal parameter of knitting process. Taking advantage of miss-lapping, sample 5 where polypropylene was partly threaded on GB1 provided best moisture management, water vapor permeability and air permeability.

Thermo-Sensitive Polyurethane Membrane with Controllable Water Vapor Permeation for Food Packaging

Zhou, Hu,Shit, Huanhuan,Fan, Haojun,Zhou, Jian,Yuan, Jixin The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.7

The size and shape of free volume (FV) holes available in membrane materials control the rate of gas diffusion and its permeability. Based on this principle, a segmented, thermo-sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) membrane with functional gate, i.e., the ability to sense and respond to external thermo-stimuli, was synthesized. This smart membrane exhibited close-open characteristics to the size of the FV hole and water vapor permeation and thus can be used as smart food packaging materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), positron annihilation lifetimes (PAL) and water vapor permeability (WVP) were used to evaluate how the morphological structure of TSPU and the temperature influence the FV holes size. In DSC and DMA studies, TSPU with a crystalline transition reversible phase showed an obvious phase-separated structure and a phase transition temperature at $53^{\circ}C$ (defined as the switch temperature and used as a functional gate). Moreover, the switch temperature ($T_s$) and the thermal-sensitivity of TSPU remained available after two or three thermal cyclic processes. The PAL study indicated that the FV hole size of TSPU is closely related to the $T_s$. When the temperature varied cyclically from $T_s-10{\circ}C$ to $T_s+10^{\circ}C$, the average radius (R) of the FV holes of the TSPU membrane also shifted cyclically from 0.23 to 0.467 nm, exhibiting an "open-close" feature. As a result, the WVP of the TSPU membrane also shifted cyclically from 4.30 to $8.58\;kg/m^2{\cdot}d$, which produced an "increase-decrease" response to the thermo-stimuli. This phase transition accompanying significant changes in the FV hole size and WVP can be used to develop "smart materials" with functional gates and controllable water vapor permeation, which support the possible applications of TSPU for food packaging.

투습방수 성능 제어가 가능한 Vistamaxx/Polypropylene Side-by-Side 복합방사 멜트블론 부직포 특성

양병진,임기섭,Yang, Byung-Jin,Lim, Ki-Sub 한국섬유공학회 2016 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Bicomponent nonwoven fabric was developed by using a melt-blown process to replace a Gore-Tex membrane with water repellency and vapor permeability in outdoor clothing. In this research, bicomponent meltblown spinning by using a S/S (side-by-side) type nozzle was used for nonwoven with a small fiber diameter, water repellency, and water vapor permeability. Vistamaxx with good adhesion was mixed with VMPP (Peroxide/PP match batch chip, Manntek Co.) as a viscosity control material to increase the melt flow index (MFI) for a small diameter of the fiber. In addition, polypropylene (PP) was used by stabilizing the viscosity of the nonwoven. In the results, the average diameter of the fiber was approximately $2.15-2.52{\mu}m$. The diameter of the fiber was decreased by increasing the melt-spinning temperature and air flow pressure. We confirmed that the water repellency was improved by increasing the fiber density in a small-diameter process.

Materials(Organic, Inorganic, Electronic, Thin Films), Polymer, Fluidization, Particle Technology : Short Communication ; The effect of coatings formed by Low temperature tetramethoxysilane plasma treatment on water-vapor permeability of poly(L-Lactic aci

( Yoshimitsu Uemura ),( Yoh Suke Maetsuru ),( Tomoharu Fujita ),( Masahiro Yoshida ),( Yasuo Hatate ),( Kenji Yamada ) 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.23 No.1

보문 : 투습방수의류의 착용쾌적성 평가

강인형 ( In Hyeng Kang ),박효숙 ( Hyo Suk Park ),이한섭 ( Han Sup Lee ) 한국의류학회 2012 한국의류학회지 Vol.36 No.9

This study evaluates wear comforts of water-vapor-permeable (WVP) garments through a measurement of various parameters such as skin and rectal temperatures, microclimate between skin and clothing, sweat rate, and subjective sensations (thermal, wet and comfort sensations) to correlate the physiological responses of the human body with its comfort feeling. Wear comfort during a specific exercise on a treadmill in a climatic chamber (temperature T = 20±0.5℃ and relative humidity H = 50±10%) were studied using eight men wearing seven sportswear outfits (a long sleeve shirts and a long pants) made with seven different WVP fabrics. A comfort sensation was found to be highly correlated with skin T (p<.001), microclimate (T and H) between skin and clothing (p<.001) and sweat rate (p<.05). A regression model correlating comfort sensations and physiological responses obtained from wearer trials could be established: Y = 14.167 ? 0.362 × X1 + 0.424 × X2 ? 0.238 × X3 ? 0.561 × X4 + 0.253 × X5 + 0.214 × X6 ? 0.393 × X7 + 0.023 × X8 ? 0.043 × X9. (Y = comfort sensation, X1 = forehead skin T, X2 = forearm skin T, X3 = hand skin T, X4 = thigh skin T, X5 = T of chest microclimate, X6 = T of thigh microclimate, X7 = chest sweat rate, X8 = H of back microclimate, X9 = H of thigh microclimate. The regression model obtained in this work can be used by manufacturers to objectively estimate the comfort sensation of sportswear before it is introduced to the consumer market. This study provides salient information to sportswear manufacturers and sportswear consumers.

PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene) 라미네이팅 투습발수직물의 총음압 최소화를 위한 필름 타입 별 기본 특성과 역학 특성

이규린 ( Kyu Lin Lee ),이지현 ( Jee Hyun Lee ),진은정 ( Eun Jung Jin ),양윤정 ( Youn Jung Yang ),조길수 ( Gil Soo Cho ) 한국의류산업학회 2012 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.14 No.4

This study investigates the sound properties of fabric frictional sound (SPL, ΔL, Δf) according to the film type of PTFE laminated vapor-permeable water-repellent fabrics in order to understand the relationship between SPL and the basic properties of fabrics such as layer, yarn type, and thickness of fiber. This study accesses their mechanical properties and determines how to control them to minimize SPL. Eight PTFE laminated water-repellent fabrics, composed of four different film types (A, B, C, D) and with two different fabrics, were used as test specimens, Frictional sounds generated at 1.21m/s were recorded by using a fabric sound generator and SPLs were analyzed through Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), The mechanical properties of fabrics were measured by KES-FB. The SPL value was lowest at 74.4dB in film type A and highest as 85.5dB in type D. Based on ANOVA and post-hoc test, specimens were classified into less Loud Group (A, B) and Loud Group (C, D). It was shown that SPL was lower when 2 layer (instead of 3 layer), filament yarn than staple, and thin fiber than thick were used. In Group I, shearing properties (G, 2HG5), geometrical roughness (SMD), compressional properties (LC, RC) and weight (W) showed high correlation with SPL however, elongation (EM) and shear stiffness (G) did with SPL in Group II.

직물 구조인자와 표면 가공특성이 스포츠 의류용 투습직물의 발수/방수/투습특성에미치는 영향

김현아 한국의류산업학회 2020 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This paper examined the water repellency, water proofing and water vapor permeability of twelve types of woven fabrics for sports wear clothing. Their physical properties were compared and discussed with the fabric structural parameters and surface finishing effect. A water repellent property of 100% was obtained in the coated or laminated water repellent finished fabrics; in addition, cotton/nylon breathable composite fabrics treated with a laminated finishing and with low fabric density showed a 90% water repellency. Water proofing fabric above 6,000 mmH2O hydraulic pressure was achieved by coated or laminated finishing; however, high density fabric or medium-level coated fabrics exhibited 100% water repellent and low water proofing characteristics. Superior water vapor permeability characteristics with good water repellency and proofing properties were achieved at the 2.5 layered low density and with 0.7 - 0.9 cover factor nylon fabrics treated with hydrophilic laminated finishing. The regression analysis for examining the effects of fabric structural parameters and surface finishing such as coating and laminating to the water vapor permeability exhibited a high determination coefficient of fabric structural parameters of 63.5%; in addition,, main factors among fabric structural parameters appeared to be cover factor and fabric thickness per weight. Coating and Laminating factors exhibited determination coefficient of water vapor permeability parameters of 36.5%.