주거환경 내의 Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) 노출수준과 환경성질환과의 관련성

이동현,정진도,Lee, Dong-Hyun,Chung, Jin-Do 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the level of exposure to volatile organic compounds for different kinds of households in apartments or houses and analyze the relation between atopy-related symptoms and concentration of volatile organic compounds in order to improve indoor air quality and start to build a process to prevent environmental diseases. Method: From July 2010 to November 2010, TVOC concentration levels were measured and analyzed in 402 general households and 236 weak households, totalling 638 households. Residents were asked to fill out a survey on environmental disease. All resources were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Result: In comparing the differences in concentration levels of volatile organic compounds for different types of households, including existing apartments and houses, the type of housing did not affect the concentration level of volatile organic compounds, but the relevance with skin trouble, diagnosed atopy, and atopy systems all had statistical similarities. Moreover, above-limit volatile organic compounds showed statistical relevance with amount of ventilation, time of construction, skin trouble, diagnosed atopy and atopy symptoms. Conclusion: The study concludes that as the time of construction recedes further into the past and as the amount of ventilation is higher, the exposure level to volatile organic compounds was lower and the group that were suffering from atopy symptoms had higher exposure to volatile organic compounds.

Alteration of Inflammatory Cytokines by Volatile Organic Compounds in T Lymphocytes

Ji-Sook Lee,In Sik Kim 대한의생명과학회 2011 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.17 No.1

In the present study, we investigated whether volatile organic compounds induce inflammatory response in human T lymphocytes by evaluating the alteration of inflammatory cytokines. Volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, o-xylene, benzene, and hydroquinone have no cytotoxic effects on Jurkat T cells at a high concentration of 50 μM for 48 h. IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds, although alteration of cytokines is different among volatile organic compounds. LPS as a positive control increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ. MCP-1 and CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) were weakly increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds but the amount of the increased cytokine was below 20 pg/ml. These results suggest that the measurement of cytokine in Jurkat T cells may be used as a useful method for evaluating the toxicity of volatile organic compounds in immune response.

활성산소와 휘발성유기화합물류에 대한 노출이 세포 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

김영환(YoungWhan Kim),최달웅(DalWoong Choi) 고려대학교 보건과학연구소 2006 보건과학논집 Vol.32 No.1

  Oxidative stress is easily induced by volatile organic compounds. The adverse health effects of a number of environment pollutions are related to the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Induction of antioxidant defensive system in the response to an oxidative attack is an essential element of the organism to survive. Oxidative stress includes formation of hydrogen peroxide. Volatile organic compounds are constituents of numerous industrial and commercial products such as solvents, paints and unleaded gasoline. Their high toxic potential and liposolubility make these compounds important health hazards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species and volatile organic compounds on the cell proliferation. Cell proliferation was measured after 24h treatment with volatile organic compounds such as benzene, xylene, chloroform, propanol, hexane or tetrachloroethylene. The cell proliferation was not modified after exposure of benzene(100 mM), propanol(100 mM) or hexane (100 mM). Treatment of xylene(100 mM), chloroform(100 mM) and tetrachloro-ethylene(100 mM) strongly inhibited the cell proliferation. However, treatment of 10 mM xylene, 10mM chloroform and 10mM tetrachloroethylene showed no effects on cell proliferation. Cell proliferation was also measured after 24 h co-exposure of volatile organic compounds and hydrogen peroxide. Addition of hydrogen peroxide did not modify the cell proliferation pattern induced by volatile organic compounds. Any additive effect of hydrogen peroxide was not observed. These results show that volatile organic compounds induce inhibition of cell proliferation with different potency. Future studies will concentrate on the mechanism of the chemical interaction.

자소자 첨가 동치미의 유리당, 유리아미노산, 비휘발성 유기산 및 휘발성 향기성분

황재희,장명숙 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

자소자를 무 무게에 대해 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%의 비율로 첨가하여 담근 동치미 중 자소자를 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 전보에서 가장 기호도에서 가장 좋은 평가를 받고 이화학적으로 가장 바람직한 결과를 나타낸 0.5% 첨가한 동치미의 유리당, 유리아미노산, 휘발성 유기산 및 향기성분을 알아본 결과 다음과 같다. 1. Glucose와 fructose의 함량은 발효가 진행되면서 감소하는 반면 glycerol의 경우에는 동치미 담금직후 및 적숙기에는 존재하지 않았으나 서서히 증가하여 발효 말기인 45일에 나타나는 경향이었다. 유리당 함량은 자소자를 0.5% 첨가한 경우가 자소자를 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 약간 많았다. 2. 유리아미노산은 대조구의 경우 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하였으나 0.5%의 자소자를 첨가하여 담근 동치미의 유리아미노산은 맛이 좋아지는 시기인 발표 11일까지는 다량의 아미노산을 함유하였으나 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. 3. 확인된 비휘발성 유기산은 latic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid 였는데, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 lactic acid와 succinic acid만이 점차로 증가하였고, 나머지는 감소하였다. 4. 동치미의 향기성분은 담금 즉시에는 0%와 0.5%를 비교한 결과 두 처리구 모두 함황 화합물이 대부분을 차지하여 동치미의 주 향기성분이었는데, 발효가 진행되면서 함황 화합물의 수나%area가 약간 감소하였고, 산류나 알코올류 등이 증가하였다. 이에 반해 자소자 처리구의 경우는 산류의 큰 증가를 보이지 않았고, 또한 함황 화합물의 변화가 두드러지지 않았고, 거의 유지하는 수준이었다. 본 실험의 결과 자소자를 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 0.5% 처리구가 유리당, 유리아미노산, 비휘발성 유기산의 함량이 다소 높게 나타나 전보에서 가장 기호도가 높게 평가된 자소자 0.5% 첨가한 것과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. An optional ingredient, Jasoja(Perillae semen) was adopted to improve dongchimi in quality during fermentation. Free sugar, free amino acid, non-volatile organic acid and volatile compounds were determined during fermentation at 10℃ for 45 days. Free sugar content was slightly higher in 0.5%-Jasoja-treated samples than that of control. The contents of free amino acids in control Dongchimi (without jasoja) increased slowly during fermentation while those in 0.5%-treated samples began to decrease after reaching their maximum value on the day 11 when Dongchimi became most acceptable. There were 6 non- volatile organic acids, such as lactic, fumaric, succinic, malic, tartaric, and citric acid. Among these, only lactic and succinic acid increased consistently with fermentation while others decreased Volatile components in Dongchimi were mostly identified as sulfur-containing compounds by gas chromatography. Their numbers and % peak areas in the gas chromatogram decreased slightly with the increase in organic acids and alcohols during fermentation period. On the other hand, Dongchimi prepared with Jasoja maintained its contents of total acids as well as the level of sulfur-containing compounds.

유기질 시비와 수확 시기에 따른 녹차 휘발성 화합물의 조성과 함량 변화

강수영(Su Young Kang),이소진(So Jin Lee),권용희(Yong Hee Kwon),문두경(Doo-Gyung Moon),문준관(Joon-Kwan Moon),Yuerong Liang 한국차학회 2020 한국차학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This study investigated the effects of different fertilizers on cultivars of volatile compounds in green tea at three experimental plantations in China. The volatile compounds in green tea were analyzed by GC-MS. The application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the composition of volatile organic compounds in tea leaves, especially in summer tea, followed by autumn tea. Spring tea exhibited the minimum effect. The effect of organic fertilizer on volatiles varied with tea cultivars and growing season. A positive effect was observed in spring, summer and autumn leaves in cultivars ‘Shuchazao’ and ‘Bixiangzao’. A positive effect was observed in spring and autumn leaves of cultivar ‘Yinshuang’, but only in summer tea of ‘Fudingdabai’. Alcohol compounds and ester compounds had a positive effect on the formation of volatile compounds. These results show that the effect of organic fertilizer depends on the tea cultivar and the growing season. It also affected the formation of volatile compounds. An effective fertilizer is needed for specific cultivars, seasons and growing conditions. 본 연구는 중국의 3 지방에서 다른 2 품종을 선택하여 두가지 시비 방법으로 실험하였다. 녹차 제다 방법으로 시료를 만들어 휘발성 화합물을 GC-MS로 분석하였고, 두가지 시비 방법 중, 유기비료 처리구가 차의 휘발성 화합물의 개선에 대체적으로 긍정적인 효과를 보였다. 이 효과는 계절별로 여름차에서 확연히 드러났고 가을차는 그 뒤를 이었으며, 봄차에서는 효과가 미비했다. 차나무 품종과 생장 계절에 따른 유기 비료 시비의 휘발성화합물에 대한 영향은 봄, 여름, 가을차 모두, ‘슈챠자오’와 ‘비샹자오’ 품종에서 명백하게 관찰되었다. 또, 봄과가을차의 ‘잉솽’ 품종에서 긍정적인 효과가 나타났지만, 여름차에서는 ‘푸딩’ 품종에서만 그 효과가 관찰되었다. 휘발성 화합물의 조성에서는 alcohol류 화합물과 ester류 화합물 함량에서 좋은 결과를 보였다. 이 결과들은유기 비료가 품종과 생장 계절에 따라 크게 달라지고, 휘발성 화합물의 조성에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 차 종류별, 품종별, 생장 환경에 따라 적절하고 적합한 시비 방법이 필요하다고 생각되었다.

Plasma-catalytic degradation of BTX over ternary perovskite-type La1-x(Co, Zn, Mg, Ba)xMnO3 nanocatalysts

Nooshin Parvizi,Nader Rahemi,Somaiyeh Allahyari,Minoo Tasbihi 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.84 No.-

Volatile organic compounds, as an emerging group of organic pollutants, have significant harmful effectson both human health and the environment. BTX, which consists of benzene, toluene and xylene, is themost important kind of these compounds, which is extensively produced in the oil and gas industry. Todate, various treatment methods have been used to remove volatile organic compounds. Among them,the non-thermal plasma technology has attracted more attention as an efficient technology for theremoval of VOC compounds due to its numerous advantages. perovskite-type metal oxides have recentlybeen found to be effective catalysts for the total oxidation of VOCs. This research has been conducted intwo steps. In thefirst step, a series of La0.8A0.2MnO3 (A: Co, Zn, Mg, Ba) nano-catalysts were synthesizedby sol-gel method and then their catalytic activity for removal of BTX compounds were investigated in anon-thermal hybrid plasma system with the dielectric reactor, among which La0.8Zn0.2MnO3 was themost active catalyst. In the next step, further studies focused on zinc doped perovskite nanocatalysts. Thecatalytic activity of La1-xZnxMnO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) nanocatalysts was investigated whereLa0.8Zn0.2MnO3 catalyst showed highest removal efficiency by degradation 89.73% of benzene, 88.98% oftoluene and 88.66% of xylene. It should be noted that product analysis was performed using GC analyzer. The effect of operating parameters such as plasma voltage, activation time, the amount of catalyst loadingon optimal sample catalyst and airflow rate were further evaluated. The results exhibited that increasingplasma voltage, activation time and the amount of catalyst loading and PDC use will develop degradationpercentage, reduce airflow rate and increase the process time. The physical and chemical properties ofperovskite nanocatalysts were evaluated using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, DRS, BET, TEM and SAED analyses. The XRD results suggested that all the samples demonstrated a typical pure perovskite phase. SEManalysis results confirm the formation of nanostructured catalysts and EDX analysis exhibited a gooddispersion of elements in optimal photocatalyst. The FTIR results showed that all the characteristicabsorption peaks of perovskite were present in synthesized samples. The EDX analysis exhibited a gooddispersion of elements in optimal photocatalyst and the BET analysis also revealed that the optimalcatalyst had higher specific surface area. Topography and morphology was determined by TEM analysisand the SAED results showed the catalyst structure. The reaction rate equations were also calculated.

유무기 페로브스카이트 나노입자의 휘발성 유기화합물 감응특성

최한솔,최지훈,Choi, Hansol,Choi, Jihoon 한국재료학회 2020 한국재료학회지 Vol.30 No.10

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals have attracted a lot of attention owing to their excellent optical properties such as high absorption coefficient, high diffusion length, and photoluminescence quantum yield in optoelectronic applications. Despite the many advantages of optoelectronic materials, understanding on how these materials interact with their environments is still lacking. In this study, the fluorescence properties of methylammonium lead bromide (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃, MAPbBr₃) nanoparticles are investigated for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aliphatic amines (monoethylamine, diethylamine, and trimethylamine). In particular, colloidal MAPbBr₃ nanoparticles demonstrate a high selectivity in response to diethylamine, in which a significant photoluminescence (PL) quenching (~ 100 %) is observed at a concentration of 100 ppm. This selectivity to the aliphatic amines may originate from the relative size of the amine molecules that must be accommodated in the perovskite crystals structure with a narrow range of tolerance factor. Sensitive PL response of MAPbBr₃ nanocrystals suggests a simple and effective strategy for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of aliphatic amines in organic solution phase.

인쇄업에서 배출되는 반응성 VOCs 종류와 흡착 제거 방법의 적용

안해영,송지현,이윤경 한국냄새환경학회 2018 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.17 No.4

In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from printing industries were analyzed, and an inorganicadsorbent, γ-alumina, was selected for the effective control of the VOC emissions. Printing processes commonlyrequire inks, thinners, and cleaners, and they were mixed organic solvents containing aromatic compounds, ketones,and alcohols. Therefore, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were selected as modelcompounds for this study. The adsorptive properties using γ-alumina were determined for the model compounds. Both batch isotherm and continuous flow column tests demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of MEK andIPA was 3~4 times higher than that of toluene. The column test performed at an inlet toluene concentration of100 ppm showed that an 80% breakthrough for toluene was observed after 3 hours, but both MEK and IPA werecontinuously adsorbed during the same time period. A numerical model simulated that the γ-alumina could removetoluene at a loading rate of 0.4 mg/min only for a 4-hour period, which might be too short of a duration for realapplications. Consequently, lifetime enhancement for γ-alumina must be implemented, and ozone oxidation andregeneration would be feasible options.

전극의 부반응 기포발생에 따른 휘발특성과 전기화학고도산화능을 동시에 고려한 휘발성 유기화합물 처리용 최적 불용성전극 개발

조완철,채규정,부경민,이지은,김태남 대한상하수도학회 2019 상하수도학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic carcinogenic compounds found in wastewater. VOCs require rapid removal because they are easily volatilized during wastewater treatment. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are considered efficient for VOC removal, based on their fast and versatile anodic electrochemical oxidation of pollutants. Many studies have reported the efficiency of removal of various types of pollutants using different anodes, but few studies have examined volatilization of VOCs during EAOPs. This study examined the removal efficiency for VOCs (chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene and toluene) by oxidization and volatilization under a static stirred, aerated condition and an EAOP to compare the volatility of each compound. The removal efficiency of the optimum anode was determined by comparing the smallest volatilization ratio and the largest oxidization ratio for four different dimensionally stable anodes (DSA): Pt/Ti, IrO2/Ti, IrO2/Ti, and IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti. EAOP was operated under same current density (25 mA/cm2) and electrolyte concentration (0.05 M, as NaCl). The high volatility of the VOCs resulted in removal of more than 90% within 30 min under aerated conditions. For EAOP, the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode exhibited the highest VOC removal efficiency, at over 98% in 1 h, and the lowest VOC volatilization (less than 5%). Chloroform was the most recalcitrant VOC due to its high volatility and chemical stability, but it was oxidized 99.2% by IrO2-Ru/Ti, 90.2% by IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti, 78% by IrO2/Ti, and 75.4% by Pt/Ti anodes The oxidation and volatilization ratios of the VOCs indicate that the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode has superior electrochemical properties for VOC treatment due to its rapid oxidation process and its prevention of bubbling and volatilization of VOCs.

대기 중 휘발성유기오염물질의 환경, 개인 및 인체 노출의 상관성 연구

조성준,신동천,정용,Patrick N. Breysse 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Volatilc organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. Personal exposure measurements are needed to evaluate the relationship between microenvironmental concentrations and actual exposures. It is also important to investigate exposure frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as personal exposure characteristics. In addition to air monitoring, biological monitoring may contribute significantly to risk assessment by allowing estimation of absorbed doses, rather than just the external exposure concentrations, which are evaluated by environmental and personal monitoring. This study was conducted to establish the analytic procedure of VOCs in air, blood, urine and exhaled breath and to evaluate the relationships among these environmental media. The subjects of this study were selected because they are occupationally exposed to high levels of VOCs. Environmental, personal, blood, urine and exhalation samples were collected. Purge & trap, thermal desorber, gas chromatography and mass selective detector were used to analyze the collected samples. Analytical procedures were validated with the "break through test", "recovery test for storage and transportation", "method detection limit test" and "inter-laboratory QA/QC study". Assessment of halogenated compounds indicted that they were significantly correlated to each other (p value < 0.01). In a similar manner, aromatic compounds were also correlated, except in urine sample. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between personal exposures and environmental concentrations. These relationships for aromatic and halogenated are as follows: Halogens_(personal)=3.875+0.068Halogens_(evironmet)(R²=.930) Aromaties_(personal)=34217.757-31.266Aromatics_(evironmet)(R²=.821) Multiple regression was used to evaluate the relationship between exposures and various exposure determinants including, gender, duration of employment, and smoking history. The results of the regression modeling for halogens in blood and aromatics in urine are as follows: Halogens_(blood)=8.181+0.246Halogens_(personal)+3.975Gender(R²=.925), Aromatics_(urine)=249.565+0.135Aromatics_(personal)-5.651D.S(R²=.735), In conclusion, we have established analytic procedures for VOC measurement in biological and environmental samples and have presented data demonstrating relationships between VOCs levels in biological media and environmental samples.