Development of microsatellite markers and analysis of genetic diversity of Barbatia virescens in the southern coasts of China

Ling Wang,Hong Yu,Qi Li 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.4

Background The blood clam Barbatia virescens is an ecologically and economically important species in the southern coast of China. Understanding of the genetic structure of B. virescens populations is vital to breeding strategies and conservation programs. Objective To develop and characterize a set of microsatellites loci primers for B. virescens, and provide helpful information for reasonable utilization and protection of B. virescens natural resources. Methods The microsatellites of B. virescens were detected using a RAD-seq approach based on an Illumina sequencing platform. For the test of microsatellite development, we calculated the number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosities (Ho), expected heterozygosities (He) and exact tests for deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Twelve polymorphic loci were used to access the genetic diversity and population structure of four B. virescens populations. Results In this study, 50,729 microsatellites of B. virescens were detected. Twenty-two polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for B. virescens. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 15, and expected heterozygosities varied from 0. 567 to 0.911. All the PIC values of the 22 loci were greater than 0.5, indicating that these markers were highly informative for further genetic analysis. Twelve loci were selected to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of four B. virescens populations collected from different geographical regions along the southern coast of China. The results showed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity in the four populations (mean Ar = 7.756–8.133; mean Ho = 0.575–0.639; mean He = 0.754–0.775). Pairwise FST estimates indicated that there was significant divergence among the four populations. Conclusion This study not only provides a large scale of sequence information of microsatellites which are valuable for future genetic mapping, trait association and kinship among B. virescens, but also offers useful information for the sustainable management of natural stocks and the development of breeding industry of B. virescens.

Modification of Insect Sodium Currents by a Pyrethroid Permethrin and Positive Cooperativity with Scorpion Toxins

이대우,Michael E. Adams 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.1

In this study, we have examined pyrethroid actions on sodium channels in the pest insect Heliothis virescens. The synthetic pyrethroid permethrin increased steady-state sodium current in H. virescens central neurons and prolonged tail currents (I Na-tail ) due to extreme slowing of sodum channel deactivation. Prolongation of I Na-tail was evident at permethrin concentrations as low as 60 nM, which modified ~1.7% of sodium channels and 10 μM permethrin modified about 30% of channels. The average time constant (τ 1 ) of tail current decay was ~335 ms for permethrin-modified channels. These modified channels activated at more negative potentials and showed slower activation kinetics, and failed to inactivate. Permethrin modification of sodium channels was dramatically potentiated by the α scorpion toxin LqhαIT, showing positive cooperativity between two binding sites. The amplitude of the tail current induced by 0.3 μM permethrin was enhanced ~8-fold by LqhαIT (200 pM). Positive cooperativity was also observed between permethrin and the insect-specific scorpion toxin AaIT as 10 nM permethrin potentiated the shift of voltage dependence caused by AaIT (~2-fold).

Localization and Function of a Storage Protein in Testes of Summer Diapause Males in Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens

Seo, Sook-Jae,Kim, Chang-Hwan 한국곤충학회 1992 Entomological Research Vol.22 No.1

담배나방의 사육조건을 낮시간 동안은 41$^{\circ}C$, 밤시간 동안 26$^{\circ}C$로 번갈아 조정함으로써 고온휴면(夏眼)을 유도하였다. 전기영동과 autoradiograph에 의해 정상온도에서 사육한 숫컷과 하면을 유도한 조건에서 사육한 숫컷의 저장단백질(82kd) 합성과 양적변화를 관찰한 결과 하면에 들어간 숫컷에서는 정자발육이 정지되고, 반면 저장단백질 합성은 대조구에 비해 증가하였다. 면역세포화학적 방법으로 합성된 저장단백질의 정세포내 위치를 추적한 결과 하면에 들어간 숫컷에서는 정세포의 핵에 축적되었다. 이와 같은 결과들로 보아 하면에 들어간 개체의 정소에서 아마도 저장단백질은 열쇼크단백질과 유사한 작용을 하여 정자발육을 정지시키는데 관여하는 것으로 추측된다. Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, pupal diapause was induced by exposing fourth instar larvae through pupae to fluctuating temperature between 26$^{\circ}C$ and 41$^{\circ}C$. The synthesis and quantitative changes of a storage protein (Mr 82 Kd) in testes during development were determined using SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The testes of diapause males, in which sperm development ceased, showed a high level of storage protein synthesis. By immunocytochemical method it was revealed that the synthesized storage protein was accumulated in the nucleus of spermatocyte of diapause male. These observations suggest that, in testes of summer diapause male, storage protein may be related to the arrest of sperm development by acting like heat shock protein or by assisting heat shock protein function.

Comparative observations on Cephaleuros parasiticus and C. virescens (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) from India

Suto, Yasuo,Ganesan, E.K.,West, John A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.2

Cephaleuros parasiticus and C. virescens were collected from Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. Macroscopic and microscopic features were observed and their comparative features were discussed. The lesions of C. parasiticus occur on the upper and lower leaf surfaces although zoosporangia form only on the lower surface. The thalli grow subepidermally and intramatrically, causing necrosis of whole leaf tissue. On the other hand C. virescens thalli develop on the upper surface and zoosporangia form on the upper surface, the thalli grow subcuticularly, and only the host epidermal and palisade cells are necrosed. Syzygium aromaticum and Polyalthia longifolia are new host plants of C. parasiticus and C. virescens, respectively.

First Record of the Green Jobfish, Aprion virescens (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea

김준상,김병엽,송춘복 한국어류학회 2011 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

This is the first report of Aprion virescens, belonging to the family Lutjanidae, collected in Korea. The specimen (151.4 mm in standard length) was caught by the gill net in the coastal waters of Jeju Island on 30 October, 2009. This species is characterized by having a deep vertical groove in front of eye, very short pectoral fin almost equal to snout length, and four black spots on dorsal fin. We propose a new Korean name, “Nok-saek-tung-dom-sok” and “Nok-saek-tung-dom” for the genus and species, respectively.

A Spodoptera exigua serpin is involved in the immunity of hemolymph induced by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h

Li Zi-Qi,Li Ni,Zhao Ying,Huang Guo-Hua 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a broadly distributed protease superfamily in various organisms, which participate in the negative regulation of melanization in insects. Our pervious study demonstrated that induced melanization by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h is helpful for HvAV-3h viral replication. In this study, the serpin-2.1 like gene from Spodoptera exigua (Seserpin-2.1 like) which is a specific serpin after HvAV-3h infection was identified. Seserpin-2.1 like has the typical characteristics of serpin proteins family. Seserpin-2.1 like widely distributed in various tissues (including hemolymph, fat body, midgut, cuticle and head), and expressed at a higher level in fat body, hemolymph and head. At different developmental stages, it tends to express at eggs and 5th instar larvae. Seserpin-2.1 like shows special phenomenon for HvAV-3h infection. On the one hand, the transcription level of Seserpin-2.1 like in hemolymph was significantly upregulated after HvAV-3h compared to other immune challenges Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and Baculovirus (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus). On the other hand, its expression disappeared during 72 to 120 h post infection. In summary, our results suggest that Seserpin-2.1 like may be involved in innate immunity of S. exigua after infection with HvAV-3h. And HvAV-3h may inhibit the expression of Seserpin-2.1 like to promote the melanization of host larvae for viral replication.

Short Communication : Effect of a Cys-Motif Protein, VHv1.4, of Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus on the Translation of Lysozyme mRNA

( Yong Gyun Kim ),( Bruce A. Webb ) 한국응용곤충학회 2003 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.6 No.2