자궁경부암 예방 백신의 효과와 공중보건학적 의의

서경,오진경,신해림 한국모자보건학회 2008 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Objectives: Aim of study is to review efficacies of two human papillomavirus vaccines in different study populations and examine importance of HPV vaccine as a routine vaccine. Methods: Four phase-3 efficacy studies of two HPV vaccines were reviewed. Magnitude of efficacies were compared among different study populations. Results: Recently, two kinds of papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were developed. "Cervarix" is a bivalent vaccine which contained L1 protein of HPV 16 and HPV 18, and "Gardasil" is a quadrivalent vaccine which contained L1 protein of HPV 6 and HPV 11 in addition. Efficacy study showed that both vaccine are highly effective to prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar precancerous lesion in the population who are naive to HPV infection. Quadrivalent vaccine also showed high efficacy to prevent genital warts. Efficacy of the vaccine decreased in the general population who included both HPV-naive and HPV-infected peoples. Both vaccines showed high immune responses for 5 years after vaccination. Conclusions: From the point of public health, HPV vaccine is an important vaccine for young adolescents who have not begun sexual activity. However, development of guidelines for HPV vaccination for each country will be dependent on cost effectiveness of HPV vaccines of each population.

분편 인플루엔자백신(split influenza vaccine)의 임상효과 및 면역원성에 관한 연구

우흥정,김동림,정희진,천병철,이주연,안정배,김지희,박찬,신영규,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적 : 아단위 인플루엔자 백신 접종 후 백신의 인플루엔자 예방효과, 인플루엔자 방어 항체형성, 인플루엔자 백신의 안전성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 총 571명을 대상으로 인플루엔자 백신 접종을 하였고, 이들 접종자에서 인플루엔자 양질환의 이환을 조사하여 인플루엔자 백신의 인플루엔자예방효과를 알아보았고, 백신의 접종 전 및 접종 4주 후 혈청에서 혈구응집억제물(Hemagglutination Inhibition : HAI) 항체 검사를 실시하여 백신의 방어항체생성을 조사하였고, 백신의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 백신접종 후 1주일 이내의 부작용을 조사하였다. 결과 :백신 접종군과 백신 비접종군에서 인플루엔자 양 질환의 이환을 조사한 결과 접종군 28.35%, 비접종군 35.88%으로 나왔으며, p 값이 0.001로 통계적으로 접종군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 인플루엔자 양 질환의 예방 효과는 20.97%를 보였다. 백신의 방어항체 형성의 평가를 위해 유럽의 인플루엔자 백신 허가 기준을 조사하였는데 B/Guangdong/5/94균주의 백신접종 후 항체가 40이상의 비율을 제외한 다른 기준은 모두 만족 시켰다. 부작용은 전체 조사자 521명중 149명(29%)으로 주로 접종 부위의 국소 부작용을 호소했고, 전신 부작용은 2% 내외였으며 특별히 심각한 부작용은 발견되지 않았다. 결론 : 분편 인플루엔자 백신은 인플루엔자양질환의 예방과 방어항체생성에 효과 있으며 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background : The safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine are well known in developed country. The influenza vaccination has been recommended as one of the tentative immunization schedule for indicated persons since 1997 in Korea. But there are still no available data about them, even though nearly 5 million doses of influenza vaccine were used in 1997-1998 season. So it is immediately needed to investigate the safety. efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among Korean. Methods : We studied the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccine by monitoring Occurrence of influenza-like illness in influenza risk group(vaccination ; 300, non-vaccination; 215) from December in 1997 to March in 1998. We used the split quadrivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 microgram of hemagglutinin of A/Beijing/262/95(HlNl), A/Wuhan/359/95(H3N2), B/Mie/1/93 and B/Guangdong/5/94. Hemagglutination inhibition(HA1) antibody titers were determined before immunization and 1 months after vaccination And we evaluated adverse effect of influenza vaccination at 7 days after vaccination. Results : Influenza vaccination was associated with si@icant reductions in influenza-like spptoms(vaccination group; 28.35%, non-vaccination group, 35.88%, p=0.001). The preventive effect of influenza-like i3lne.s among influenza risk goup was 20.97%. And immunogenicity of influenza A and B exceeded all of the European licensure criteria for immunogenicity except postvaccination proportion of titers 240 of B/Guangdong/5/94 strain. And the adverse effects were mainly local injection site problem and no serious adverse effect was noted. Conclusion : Split influenza vaccine is safe, inmunogenic and eff'tive in influenza risk group in Korea.

닭 전염성 후두기관염 생독백신의 안전성과 효능

한명국,이오수,김재홍,Han, Myung-Guk,Lee, O-Soo,Kim, Jea-Hong 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.

돼지 위축성 비염백신의 효과에 관한 연구

지영철,로 승,한정희,한태욱,Chi, Yongzhe,Lu, Cheng,Han, Jeong-hee,Hahn, Tae-wook 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Atropic rhinitis (AR) is one of major respiratory diseases in pigs. AR causes a great economic losses and is considered to be a multifactorial disease in which herd management, heredity, and environment. Several vaccines against have been developed commercially and used in pig farms but the efficacy of each vaccine is still questionable. In this study, one of commercial AR vaccines, which contains inactivated Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida type D and their toxoid was evaluated for vaccine efficacy by challenge test. Twenty piglets were divided into four groups as follows; group I was piglets from vaccinated sows (twice before parturition); group II was piglets from vaccinated sows (same as group I) and were vaccinated at 1 day old; group III and IV were piglets without any vaccination. Groups I, II, and III were challenged by intranasal instillation of $5.3{\times}10^7$ CFU of B bronchiseptica twice and $1{\times}10^9$ CFU of P multocida five times. Group IV was control group without any vaccination and any challenge. We compared serological results, recovery rate of P multocida by polymerase chain reaction, clinical signs and pathological findings between vaccinated groups and unvaccinated groups for efficacy of the vaccine, Serological responses against B bronchiseptica and toxigenic P multocida type D were not showed evident discrepancy between vaccinated groups and unvaccinated groups assuming that the antibody responses against the vaccine is very delayed. However, growth rate, clinical signs and snout lesion grading in vaccinated groups showed more favorable than those in unvaccinated group. Therefore, AR vaccination in this study is considered to be effective in the prevention of AR in pigs.

폐렴구균백신의 효과

박호선 영남대학교 의과대학 2012 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.29 No.1

Streptococcus pneumonia is a very important pathogen for children and elderly people. Two types of pneum- ococcal vaccines are available in the market: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV) and pneumo- coccal conjugate vaccine(PCV). PPSVs have been used for more than 30 years, and PCVs for about 10 years. There have been many reports concerning the evaluation of the vaccines’ efficacies in preventing pneumo- coccal diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, and otitis media and bacteremia, but the clinical trials had been performed with different conditions, such as diverse vaccine valencies, age groups, races, target out- comes, immunological cut-off values, and follow-up periods. PPSV is recommended for elderly people and chronic disease patients such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and hyposplenic patients. According to the data from several systemic reviews and population-based surveillances, PPSV is effective for pneumococcal pneumonia and vaccine-type bacteremia among healthy adults. Until now, however, there is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of PPSV among high-risk adults. PCV is very effective in preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease(IPD) among children, but its efficacy for pneumonia is very low among children. The incidence of vaccine-related or non-vaccine-type IPDs is increasing after the introduction of 7-valent PCV(PCV7) as a routine immunization for children. Recently, 10- and 13-valent PCVs have been used for children, instead of PCV7. Therefore, continuous surveillance for serotype change among pneumococcal diseases is necessary to evaluate the vaccines’ efficacy.

여자 초등학생 어머니의 자녀 Human Papillomavirus 백신 접종 의도 영향 요인: 자기효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로

남경아 ( Kyung Ah Nam ),이영은 ( Young Eun Lee ) 한국모자보건학회 2021 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: To provide basic data for the development of a nursing intervention program in order to improve intention to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention of mothers of elementary school girls by confirming the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge of HPV vaccine, attitude towards vaccination, subjective norm, and intention to receive vaccination. Methods: The subjects of this study are 171 mothers of elementary schoo l students in grades 5-6 in Yangsan city. The health teacher delivered the questionnaire to the mothers via the female elementary school students in the classroom, the mothers filled out the questionnaire by self-filling, and the questionnaires were collected through the health teacher. Results: The fully mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between the knowledge of the HPV vaccine and the intention of the mothers of female elementary school students to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between attitude towards HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between the subjective norm for HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an HPV vaccine vaccination promotion program that can enhance the level of knowledge, attitudes towards vaccination, and subjective norm of HPV vaccine for female elementary school mothers and to strengthen their sense of self-efficacy.

닭 Mycoplasma gallisepticum 6/85 생균 백신의 효능 평가

윤희준,강정무,김길동,신은경,정용운,정지혜,한태욱,Yoon, Hee-Jun,Kang, Zheng-Wu,Jin, Ji-Dong,Shin, Eun-Kyung,Jeong, Yong-Hoon,Jeong, Ji-Hye,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) continues to persist in many commercial layer farms in Korea,resulting in losses in egg production. Bacterins and live attenuated vaccines have been used for the prevention of losses caused by MG. One of these attenuated vaccines, MG 6/85 vaccine has been reported to be safe and efficacious in layers. However, MG 6/85 vaccine has not been evaluated for its safety and its efficacy in any commercial layer in Korea. Six-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were vaccinated with MG 6/85 vaccine by aerosol and were challenged with virulent MG R strain at 4 weeks after vaccination. The vaccinated group was able to resist challenge into the air sacs because the vaccinated group showed much less air sac lesion compared with the unvaccinated group. Each of two commercial layer farms was divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. For each vaccinated gorup, MG 6/85 vaccine were sprayed at 17 week old on farm A and at 15 weeks old on farm B. Hen-day egg production, Hen-housed eggs, egg weight, mortality were evaluated until 50 week after vaccination.Compared with the unvaccinated group in each farm, the vaccinated group showed higher average egg production and egg weight, and higher hen-housed number. Results of this study are in agreement with other previous reports which demonstrated that MG 6/85 vaccine favorable effect on performance in commercial layers.

간호대학생의 COVID-19백신 접종의도의 영향요인

차혜경,이희주 한국웰니스학회 2022 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the vaccination intention of nursing students through fear of COVID-19, health literacy and health self-efficacy. The subjects of this study were 142 four-year nursing college students located in C city, Korea. The intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 was significantly lower among those aged 24 years or younger (F=4.676, p=.001) than those aged 30 years or older, in those with underlying medical conditions (t=3.498, p=.001), as fear of vaccination increased (F=16.221, p<.001). In addition, the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 was 3.06 points (1-5 points), indicating ‘I want to watch the situation and get hit’. There was a positive correlation between health literacy and health self-efficacy (r=.659, p<.001). Factors affecting the intention of nursing students to be vaccinated for COVID-19 were fear of COVID-19 vaccination ( =.474, p<.001) and presence or absence of underlying diseases ( =-.247, p=.001). Therefore, it is necessary to improve the vaccination intention of students in their 20s and nursing colleges with low vaccination intentions. It is necessary to lower the fear of vaccination by increasing the reliability of vaccine safety and related information. In addition, health literacy of nursing students increases their sense of health self-efficacy so that health behavior practices can be improved. Therefore, based on the results of this study, I would like to suggest the following. First, it is suggested to conduct a qualitative study targeting students in their 20s and nursing colleges with low intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Second, various studies are needed to measure the health self-efficacy related to the outbreak of new infections. Third, we suggest additional research that accurately informs vaccines by analyzing the risks and advantages of vaccines from various angles of research on vaccines. 본 연구는 간호대학생의 COVID-19에 대한 두려움, 건강정보이해력, 건강관리자기효능감을 통해 백신접종의도의 미치는 영향요인을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 연구 대상자는 대한민국 C시에 위치한 4년제 간호대학생 142명이었다. COVID-19 백신접종의도는 30세 이상보다 24세 이하에서(F=4.676, p=.001), 자신의 기저질환이 있는 경우(t=3.498, p=.001), 백신접종에 대한 두려움이 많을수록(F=16.221, p<.001) 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 COVID-19 백신접종의도는 3.06점(1-5점)으로 ‘상황을 지켜보고 맞고 싶다’로 나타났다. 건강정보이해력과 건강관리 자기효능감 간에는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=.659, p<.001). 간호대학생의 COVID-19 백신접종의도 영향요인은 COVID-19 백신접종두려움( =.474, p<.001)과 기저질환유무( =-.247, p=.001)로 나타났다. 따라서 백신접종의도가 낮은 20대, 간호대학생의 백신접종의도를 향상시킬 필요가 있는데, 백신 안정성과 관련 정보에 대한 신뢰도를 높여 백신접종에 대한 두려움을 낮추는 것이 필요하다. 또한 간호대학생의 건강정보이해력은 자기효능감을 상승시켜 건강행위실천행위가 향상될 수 있어 건강정보이해력를 높이기 위한 관련 교육의 반복과 적절한 교육방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, COVID-19 백신접종의도가 낮은 20대, 간호대학생을 대상으로 질적연구 진행을 제언한다. 둘째 신종감염경과 관련한 건강관리 자기효능감을 측정할 수 있는 다양한 연구가 필요하다. 셋째, 백신에 대한 다각도의 연구로 예상되는 위험과 백신의 장점을 분석하여 정확히 알리는 추가 연구를 제언한다.

B형 간염 바이러스 보유 산모로부터 분만된 신생아의 B형 간염 백신의 면역반응 및 방어효과

김종현,강진한,허재균,고대균,오창규,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Kang, Jin-Han,Hur, Jae-Kyun,Koh, Dae-Kyun,Oh, Chang-Kyu 대한소아감염학회 1998 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.5 No.1

목 적 : B형 간염 바이러스(hepatitis B virus; HBV) 보유 산모로부터 출생한 신생아의 수직감염 양상을 관찰하고 HBV 백신의 면역반응 및 방어효과를 평가하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 7월부터 1996년 12월까지 18개월간 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원을 방문한 HBV 보유 산모와 이들로부터 분만된 신생아중 12개월간 추적관찰이 가능하였던 78례를 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들 HBV 보유 산모의 신생아에게 출생 직후부터 HBV 면역 글로불린(HBIG)과 가열 불활성화 혈장 백신을 접종한 후 4, 8, 12개월시에 검체를 채취하여 일반표지자의 양상을 면역효소법 및 방사면역법으로 측정한 후 HBV 보유 산모와 그 신생아의 각 표지자간의 관계 및 변화를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 연구 대상 산모 중 HBV 보유자는 5.0%(106/2,117), HBeAg 양성 및 음성의 비율은 38.5%(37/96)와 61.5%(59/96)이었다. 2) HBV 보유 산모로부터 출생한 영아에 있어서 백신에 대한 anti-HBs 양전율은 4, 8, 12개월 시 각각 85.9%(67/78), 75.6%(59/78), 73.1%(57/78)로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(P<0.05), 산모의 HBeAg 유무와는 관련이 없었다. 형성된 anti-HBs의 기하 항체가는 4개월에 비하여 8개월, 12개월에 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). HBV 백신과 HBIG 투여의 HBV 보유자 이행에 대한 12개월시의 방어 효과는 HBeAg 양성 및 음성 산모로부터 분만된 영아에서 각각 89.8%와 100%이었다. 3) 12개월의 관찰 기간동안 산모로부터 감염이 있었던 경우는 78명 중 5명으로 모두 HBeAg 양성 산모에서 분만된 영아이었고 이 중 3명에서 HBV 보유자로 이행되었다. 출생 직후 HBeAg 양성 및 음성 산모의 신생아에서 HBsAg 양성이었던 경우는 각각 4명으로 HBeAg 양성 산모의 신생아 4명 중 3명에서 감염이 발생하였다. 결 론 : 국내에서 개발된 백신의 하나인 가열 불활성화 B형 간염 혈장 백신의 항체 양전률은 85.9%이었으며, HBIG과 동시 투여하였을 때 12개월간의 HBV 보유자 이행에 대한 방어효과는 HBeAg 양성 산모에서 출생한 경우 89.8%인 반면 HBeAg 음성 산모에서 출생한 경우는 100%이었다. Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the immune responses and protective efficacies of the HBV vaccine in infants born from hepatitis B virus(HBV) carrier mothers. Methods : Seventy eight infants born from HBV carrier mothers, who were able to follow up for 12months in the Catholic University St. Vincents hospital, were involved in this study from July 1995 to December 1996. Samples were collected at birth, 4, 8 and 12months after injection of HBIG and HBV heat-inactivated plasma derived vaccines. We evaluated the changes and relationships of viral markers detecting by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay between HBV carrier mothers and their infants. Results : 1) A total of 5.0%(106/2,117) of pregnant women were found to be a HBV carrier. The rates of HBeAg positive and negative were 38.5%(37/96) and 61.5%(59/96), respectively. 2) The seroconversion rates of anti-HBs with infants of HBV carrier mothers at 4, 8 and 12 months were 85.9%(67/78), 75.6%(59/78) and 73.1%(57/78), respectively. Although these were statistically significant differences(P<0.05), they were not related to HBeAg status of the mothers. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs at 8 and 12 months were significantly higher than at 4 months, statistically(P<0.05). The protective efficacy of the HBV vaccine and HBIG at 12 months in infants from HBeAg positive and negative mothers were 89.8% and 100%, respectively. 3) Five of 78(6.4%) infants became infected by HBV from only HBeAg positive mothers during the follow up period of 12 months. Three of 5 infected infants became HBV carriers. HBsAg positive at birth from HBeAg positive and negative mother were 4 infants, respectively. Three of 4 infants became infected by HBV from only HBeAg positive mothers. Conclusion : We confirmed that the seroconversion rate of HBV heat-inactivated plasma derived vaccine which was one of other vaccines manufacturing in Korea was 85.9%. The protective efficacy of this HBV vaccine and HBIG at 12 months in infants from HBeAg positive and negative mothers were 89.8% and 100%, respectively.

Assessment of the safety and efficacy of an attenuated live vaccine based on highly virulent genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in nursing piglets

Jang, Guehwan,Won, Hokeun,Lee, Dong-Uk,Noh, Yun-Hee,Lee, Seung-Chul,Choi, Hwan-Won,Yoon, In-Joong,Lee, Yoo Jin,Sang Yoo, Han,Lee, Changhee Elsevier 2019 Veterinary microbiology Vol.231 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have previously reported the generation of the attenuated KNU-141112-S DEL5/ORF3 virus by continuous propagation of highly virulent G2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Vero cells. The present study aimed to assess the safety of S DEL5/ORF3 and to evaluate its effectiveness as a live vaccine for prime-booster vaccinations. Reversion to virulence experiments revealed that the S DEL5/ORF3 strain retains its attenuated phenotype and genetic stability after five successive passages in susceptible piglets. Pregnant sows were primed orally with an S DEL5/ORF3 live vaccine and boosted intramuscularly twice with a commercial killed vaccine at 2-week intervals prior to parturition. This sow vaccination regimen completely protected nursing piglets against virulent G2b challenge, as evidenced by the increase in survival rate from 0% to 100% and the significant reduction in diarrhea intensity, including the amount and duration of PEDV fecal shedding. In addition, despite a 2–3 day period of weight loss in piglets from vaccinated sows after challenge, their daily weight gain was recovered at 7 days post-challenge and became similar to that of unchallenged pigs from unvaccinated sows over the course of the experiment. Furthermore, strong antibody responses to PEDV were verified in the sera and colostrum of immunized sows with the prime-boost treatment and their offspring. Altogether, our data demonstrated that the attenuated S DEL5/ORF3 strain guarantees the safety to host animals with no reversion to virulence and is suitable as an effective primary live vaccine providing durable maternal lactogenic immunity for passive piglet protection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Attenuated G2b PEDV strain S DEL5/ORF3 was pioneered to develop an MLV vaccine. </LI> <LI> S DEL5/ORF3 did not revert to virulence after successive back passages in piglets. </LI> <LI> Prime-boost maternal vaccinations conferred complete protection against PEDV. </LI> <LI> Robust humoral immunity was observed in the sera and colostrum of vaccinated dams. </LI> <LI> Sufficient lactogenic immunity provides passive protection in suckling neonates. </LI> </UL> </P>