T1G3 방광암에서 경요도절제술 및 방광 내 BCG 주입요법 후 재발 및 진행의 임상양상

차경빈,정병하,홍성준 大韓泌尿器科學會 2002 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.43 No.6

The Use of MR Perfusion Imaging in the Evaluation of Tumor Progression in Gliomas

Snelling, Brian,Shah, Ashish H.,Buttrick, Simon,Benveniste, Ronald The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.1

Objective : Diagnosing tumor progression and pseudoprogression remains challenging for many clinicians. Accurate recognition of these findings remains paramount given necessity of prompt treatment. However, no consensus has been reached on the optimal technique to discriminate tumor progression. We sought to investigate the role of magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) to evaluate tumor progression in glioma patients. Methods : An institutional retrospective review of glioma patients undergoing MRP with concurrent clinical follow up visit was performed. MRP was evaluated in its ability to predict tumor progression, defined clinically or radiographically, at concurrent clinical visit and at follow up visit. The data was then analyzed based on glioma grade and subtype. Resusts : A total of 337 scans and associated clinical visits were reviewed from 64 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were reported for each tumor subtype and grade. The sensitivity and specificity for high-grade glioma were 60.8% and 87.8% respectively, compared to low-grade glioma which were 85.7% and 89.0% respectively. The value of MRP to assess future tumor progression within 90 days was 46.9% (sensitivity) and 85.0% (specificity). Conclusion : Based on our retrospective review, we concluded that adjunct imaging modalities such as MRP are necessary to help diagnose clinical disease progression. However, there is no clear role for stand-alone surveillance MRP imaging in glioma patients especially to predict future tumor progression. It is best used as an adjunctive measure in patients in whom progression is suspected either clinically or radiographically.

P2Y ₂ R-mediated inflammasome activation is involved in tumor progression in breast cancer cells and in radiotherapy-resistant breast cancer

Jin, Hana,Ko, Young Shin,Kim, Hye Jung D.A. Spandidos 2018 International journal of oncology Vol.53 No.5

<P>In the tumor microenvironment, extracellular nucleotides are released and accumulate, and can activate the P2Y<SUB>2</SUB> receptor (P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R), which regulates various responses in tumor cells, resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the inflammasome has recently been reported to be associated with tumor progression. However, the role of P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R in inflammasome activation in breast cancer cells is not yet well defined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R in inflammasome-mediated tumor progression in breast cancer using breast cancer cells and radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) breast cancer cells. We established RT-R-breast cancer cells (RT-R-MDA-MB-231, RT-R-MCF-7, and RT-R-T47D cells) by repeated irradiation (2 Gy each, 25 times) in a previous study. In this study, we found that the RT-R breast cancer cells exhibited an increased release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R activity. In particular, the RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells derived from highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, exhibited a markedly increased ATP release, which was potentiated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited inflammasome activation, as measured by caspase-1 activity and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion following treatment with TNF-α and ATP; these effects were enhanced in the RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the increased caspase-1 activities and IL-1β secretion levels induced in response to treatment with TNF-α or ATP were significantly reduced by P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R knockdown or the presence of apyrase in both the MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting the involvement of ATP-activated P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R in inflammasome activation. In addition, TNF-α and ATP increased the invasive and colony-forming ability of the MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, and these effects were caspase-1-dependent. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity was modulated by caspase-1, in a P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R-dependent manner in the MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, nude mice injected with the RT-R-MDA-MB-231-EV cells (transfected with the empty vector) exhibited increased tumor growth, and higher levels of MMP-9 in their tumors and IL-1β levels in their serum compared with the mice injected with the RT-R-MDA-MB-231- P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R shRNA cells (transfected with P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R shRNA). On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that extracellular ATP promotes tumor progression in RT-R-breast cancer cells and breast cancer cells by modulating invasion and associated molecules through the P2Y<SUB>2</SUB>R-inflammasome activation pathway.</P>

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Patients with Rare Ovarian Tumors: Multi-Center Review of 167 Patients by the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology

Bilici, Ahmet,Inanc, Mevlude,Ulas, Arife,Akman, Tulay,Seker, Mesut,Babacan, Nalan Akgul,Inal, Ali,Bal, Oznur,Koral, Lokman,Sevinc, Alper,Tufan, Gulnihal,Elkiran, Emin Tamer,Ustaalioglu, Bala Basak Ove Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: Non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumors and clear cell carcinomas, Brenner tumors, transitional cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare ovarian tumors (ROTs). In this study, our aim was to determine the clinicopathological features of ROT patients and prognostic factors associated with survival. Materials and Methods: A total of 167 patients with ROT who underwent initial surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 167 patients, 75 (44.9%) were diagnosed with germ-cell tumors (GCT) and 68 (40.7%) with sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST); the remaining 24 had other rare ovarian histologies. Significant differences were found between ROT groups with respect to age at diagnosis, tumor localization, initial surgery type, tumor size, tumor grade, and FIGO stage. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates and median PFS intervals for patients with other ROT were worse than those of patients with GCT and SCST (41.8% vs 79.6% vs 77.1% and 30.2 vs 72 vs 150 months, respectively; p=0.01). Moreover, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates and median OS times for patients with both GCT and SCST were better as compared to patients with other ROT, but these differences were not statistically significant (87.7% vs 88.8% vs 73.9% and 170 vs 122 vs 91 months, respectively; p=0.20). In the univariate analysis, tumor localization (p<0.001), FIGO stage (p<0.001), and tumor grade (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for PFS. For OS, the univariate analysis indicated that tumor localization (p=0.01), FIGO stage (p=0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were important prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis showed that FIGO stage for PFS (p=0.001, HR: 0.11) and the presence of recurrence (p=0.02, HR: 0.54) for OS were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: ROTs should be evaluated separately from epithelial ovarian cancers because of their different biological features and natural history. Due to the rarity of these tumors, determination of relevant prognostic factors as a group may help as a guide for more appropriate adjuvant or recurrent therapies for ROTs.

T1병기 표재성방광염에서 BCG 방광 내 주입요법 후 재발 및 진행

하혁수,박철희,김천일 大韓泌尿器科學會 1999 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.40 No.10

유방의 상피내암에서 종양억제유전자의 메틸화의 양상

조항주(Hang Joo Cho),안창혁(Chang Hyeok Ahn),김지일(Ji Il Kim),김기환(Kee Hwan Kim),배자성(Ja Seong Bae),박우찬(Woo Chan Park),송병주(Byung Ju Song),정상설(Sang Seol Jung),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.72 No.6

Purpose: The methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in the development of breast cancer. However, the role of methylation in the progression of cancer is still unclear. In this study, the methylation stati of nine tumor suppressor genes (p14, p16, DAPK, E-cadherin, RASSF1α, TWIST, RARβ, HIN-1, cyclin D2) in normal, benign, DCIS and invasive cancer tissues were examined, and the methylation patterns in DCIS and hypermethylated genes investigated to see if a change in the methylation status would lead to the development of cancer and progression to an invasive tumor. Methods: A total of 96 patients, who underwent surgery between March 2003 and March 2005, were retrospectively studied. DNA was extracted from tumor tissues, and the samples examined for aberrant hypermethylation using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results: The total number of methylated genes in each tissue type (normal tissues; 2.97±1.74, benign tumors; 4.36 ±1.42, DCIS; 5.73±1.35, invasive cancers; 5.42±2.05) increased with tumor progression (P<0.001). In benign tumors, HIN-1 (83%) was the most frequently methylated gene, but in DCIS, p14 (100%), RASSF (100%) and TWIST (91%) were frequently methylated. In invasive cancer, RAR β (60%) and p16 (37%) were frequently methylated compared to the other tissue types. In a multivariate study, TWIST was commonly hypermethylated in DCIS and invasive cancer; whereas, RARβ and p14 were frequently independently hypermethylated in invasive cancers. Conclusion: Methylation induced gene silencing appears to affect multiple genes in breast tissues, which increases with cancer progression. TWIST was hypermethylated in both DCIS and invasive cancers; therefore, it was concluded that methylation of the TWIST promoter may be an early event in the development of breast cancer. The hypermethylations of RARβ and p16 are useful marker for the progression of a DCIS lesion to invasive cancer. The methylation patterns of tumor suppressor genes in DCIS were similar to those found in invasive cancer, but also showed intermediate levels of methylation between benign tumors and invasive cancers.

Computed Tomographic-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent or Residual Hepatocellular Carcinomas around Retained Iodized Oil after Transarterial Chemoembolization

고영환,최준일,김현범,김민주 대한영상의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.14 No.5

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and risk factors influencing local tumor progression, following CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of recurrent or residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), around iodized oil retention. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four patients (M : F = 51 : 13, 65.0 ± 8.2 years old) with recurrent or residual HCC (75 index tumors, size = 14.0 ± 4.6 mm) had been treated by CT-guided RFA, using retained iodized oil as markers for targeting. The technical success, technique effectiveness rate and complications of RFA were then assessed. On pre-ablative and immediate follow-up CT after RFA, we evaluated the size of enhancing index tumors and iodized oil retention, presence of abutting vessels, completeness of ablation of iodized oil retention, and the presence of ablative margins greater than 5 mm. Also, the time interval between transarterial chemoembolization and RFA was assessed. The cumulative local tumor progression rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was adopted, to clarify the independent factors affecting local tumor progression. Results: The technical success and technique effectiveness rate was 100% and 98.7%, respectively. Major complications were observed in 5.6%. The cumulative rates of local tumor progression at 1 and 2 years were 17.5% and 37.5%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, partial ablation of the targeted iodized oil retention was the sole independent predictor of a higher local tumor progression rate. Conclusion: CT-guided RFA of HCC around iodized oil retention was effective and safe. Local tumor progression can be minimized by complete ablation of not only index tumors, but targeted iodized oil deposits as well.

Computed Tomographic-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent or Residual Hepatocellular Carcinomas around Retained Iodized Oil after Transarterial Chemoembolization

Koh, Young Hwan,Choi, Joon-Il,Kim, Hyun Beom,Kim, Min Ju The Korean Society of Radiology 2013 KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY Vol.14 No.5

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and risk factors influencing local tumor progression, following CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of recurrent or residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), around iodized oil retention.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Sixty-four patients (M : F = 51 : 13, 65.0 ± 8.2 years old) with recurrent or residual HCC (75 index tumors, size = 14.0 ± 4.6 mm) had been treated by CT-guided RFA, using retained iodized oil as markers for targeting. The technical success, technique effectiveness rate and complications of RFA were then assessed. On pre-ablative and immediate follow-up CT after RFA, we evaluated the size of enhancing index tumors and iodized oil retention, presence of abutting vessels, completeness of ablation of iodized oil retention, and the presence of ablative margins greater than 5 mm. Also, the time interval between transarterial chemoembolization and RFA was assessed. The cumulative local tumor progression rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was adopted, to clarify the independent factors affecting local tumor progression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The technical success and technique effectiveness rate was 100% and 98.7%, respectively. Major complications were observed in 5.6%. The cumulative rates of local tumor progression at 1 and 2 years were 17.5% and 37.5%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, partial ablation of the targeted iodized oil retention was the sole independent predictor of a higher local tumor progression rate.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>CT-guided RFA of HCC around iodized oil retention was effective and safe. Local tumor progression can be minimized by complete ablation of not only index tumors, but targeted iodized oil deposits as well.</P>

표재성방광암의 재발과 병기진행에 영향을 미치는 조직학적 인자에 관한 연구

곽태일,윤덕기,김광일,원남희 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.10

C-Reactive Protein Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression

Kim Eun-Sook,Kim Sun Young,Moon Aree 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.5

Many cancers arise from sites of chronic inflammation, which creates an inflammatory microenvironment surrounding the tumor. Inflammatory substances secreted by cells in the inflammatory environment can induce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, thereby promoting cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify the role of inflammatory factors in cancer progression. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and roles of C-reactive protein (CRP) in various cancer types, including breast, liver, renal, and pancreatic cancer, and the tumor microenvironment. Mounting evidence suggests the role of CRP in breast cancer, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically associated with a worse prognosis. Increased CRP in the inflammatory environment contributes to enhanced invasiveness and tumor formation in TNBC cells. CRP promotes endothelial cell formation and angiogenesis and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In pancreatic and kidney cancers, CRP contributes to tumor progression. In liver cancer, CRP regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. CRP modulates the activity of various signaling molecules in macrophages and monocytes present in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor development, the immune response, and inflammation. In the present review, we overviewed the role of CRP signaling pathways and the association between inflammation and cancer in various types of cancer. Identifying the interactions between CRP signaling pathways and other inflammatory mediators in cancer progression is crucial for understanding the complex relationship between inflammation and cancer.