Changes of Phenol Compounds according to Storing Years in Soybean

Seung Hyun Kim,Hong Keun Song,Joung Kuk Ahn,Jung Tae Kim,Joon Sang Hahn,Ill Min Chung 韓國作物學會 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.2

The objective of this study was to determine the role of storing years with the variation of total phenol and individual phenolic compounds in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The total phenol content varied from 0.36 to 0.42% over four years, with the highest value (0.42%) found at storage for two and three years. Among the nine soybean varieties examined, Daweonkong had the highest total average phenol content (0.58%). The total content of 11 phenolics varied from 730.0 to 1812.8 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 over storage for four years, and the highest concentration (1812.8 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ) was found at storage for two years. Myeongjunamulkong (1465.4 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ) had the highest mean content among the nine soybean varieties. The total content of 11 phenolic compounds measured in this study occupied from 20.96 to 47.73% of the total phenol contents. The highest total phenol contents were in seeds with black coats (5279.4 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ), while the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds were in seeds with green coats (1419.5 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ). Our study suggests that it may be feasible to improve soybean varieties with high functional substances such as phenolic compounds.

Changes of Phenol Compounds according to Storing Years in Soybean

Kim, Seung-Hyun,Song, Hong-Keun,Ahn, Joung-Kuk,Kim, Jung-Tae,Hahn, Joon-Sang,Chung, Ill-Min The Korean Society of Crop Science 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.2

The objective of this study was to determine the role of storing years with the variation of total phenol and individual phenolic compounds in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The total phenol content varied from 0.36 to 0.42% over four years, with the highest value (0.42%) found at storage for two and three years. Among the nine soybean varieties examined, Daweonkong had the highest total average phenol content (0.58%). The total content of 11 phenolics varied from 730.0 to 1812.8 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$ over storage for four years, and the highest concentration (1812.8 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$) was found at storage for two years. Myeongjunamulkong (1465.4 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$) had the highest mean content among the nine soybean varieties. The total content of 11 phenolic compounds measured in this study occupied from 20.96 to 47.73% of the total phenol contents. The highest total phenol contents were in seeds with black coats (5279.4 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$), while the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds were in seeds with green coats (1419.5 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$). Our study suggests that it may be feasible to improve soybean varieties with high functional substances such as phenolic compounds.

Changes in Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) under In Vitro Biomimicking System

A-Young Lee,Young-Suk Kim,Soon-Mi Shim 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of current study was to examine bioaccessibility of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in each part of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.). In vitro biomimicking system simulated human digestive fluid was employed in order to measure bioavailable anti-oxidative effect and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was measured by using the DPPH method and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Stem of water spinach had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging effect (5.43 mg/mL for IC50) than leaf (5.95 mg/mL for IC50), while leaf had a greater level of total phenolic content (287.45 μg GAE/mL) than stem (216.45 μg GAE/mL). Bioaccessible antioxidant capacity and digestive stability of total phenolic content showed a similar pattern to what found in raw materials. Our result also indicated that total phenolic content was not found to be a major marker for prediction of antioxidant activity. It is plausible that other constituents such as vitamin E and C in water spinach could be contributors for antioxidant activities.

Changes in Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) under In Vitro Biomimicking System

( A Young Lee ),( Young Suk Kim ),( Soon Mi Shim ) 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of current study was to examine bioaccessibility of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in each part of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.). In vitro biomimicking system simulated human digestive fluid was employed in order to measure bioavailable anti-oxidative effect and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was measured by using the DPPH method and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Stem of water spinach had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging effect (5.43 mg/mL for IC50) than leaf (5.95 mg/mL for IC50), while leaf had a greater level of total phenolic content (287.45 μg GAE/mL) than stem (216.45 μg GAE/mL). Bioaccessible antioxidant capacity and digestive stability of total phenolic content showed a similar pattern to what found in raw materials. Our result also indicated that total phenolic content was not found to be a major marker for prediction of antioxidant activity. It is plausible that other constituents such as vitamin E and C in water spinach could be contributors for antioxidant activities.

유기농 잡곡의 몇몇 기능성 물질 비교

윤성탁,김태호,남중창,김태윤,김혜림,조성훈,이승우,이명철,김민정,김성민,Yoon, Seong-Tak,Kim, Tae-Ho,Nam, Jung-Chang,Kim, Tae-Yun,Kim, Hye-Rim,Jo, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Seung-Woo,Lee, Myung-Cheol,Kim, Min-Jeong,Kim, Seong-Min 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.4

최근 잡곡은 웰빙식품으로서 각광을 받고 있어 앞으로 수요가 늘어날 것으로 전망되고 있어 잡곡에 대한 연구가 매우 절실하지만 국내 조, 기장, 수수의 잡곡종자에 대한 기능성물질에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리의 주식작물인 벼와 국내에서 유기농으로 재배 생산된 수종의 잡곡종자에 대한 지방산조성, 총 안토시아닌과 총 페놀 함량 및 항산화활성을 조사하여 잡곡을 이용한 기능성 제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로서 제공하고자 하였다. 1. 총 지방산 함량은 조, 기장, 수수, 벼의 순으로 각각 0.649% > 0.33% > 0.172% > 0.111%이었고, 불포화지방산 함량도 조, 기장, 수수, 벼의 순으로 각각 0.511% > 0.269% > 0.122% > 0.069%로 높았다. 2. 벼, 조, 기장 수수의 안토시아닌의 함량은 벼, 조, 기장에서는 안토시아닌이 검출되지 않았으나, 수수에서는 다량이 검출되었으며, 품종간에는 몽당수수에서 $137.5mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며, 메수수에서 $65.8mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 적었다. 3. 총 페놀 함량은 벼에서는 추청벼가 $13.70{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며 대안벼가 $10.07{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$로 가장 적었다. 조에서는 흰차조가 $25.8{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 강화조가 $22.3{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 많았다. 기장의 경우는 벼룩기장이 $69.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$로 가장 함량이 많았으며, 검은기장이 $33.6{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 적었다. 수수는 찰수수가 $682.2{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내어 가장 함량이 많았으며, 가장 적은 품종은 재래찰수수로서 $237.9{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내었다. 작물별 평균 총 페놀 함량을 보면 벼는 $12.25{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 조는 $16.95{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 기장은 $51.01{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 수수의 경우에서는 $447.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내어 3작물의 총 페놀 함량은 수수가 평균 $447.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며 이 양은 조의 평균치의 26.3배, 기장의 평균치에 대해서는 8.8배나 많은 함량이었다. 4. 벼, 조, 수수, 기장의 DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 자유라디칼(free radical) 소거활성효과는 벼에서는 추청벼가 3.6%로 가장 높았다. 조에서는 강화조가 4.78%로 항산화 효과가 가장 높았으며, 올황차조가 0.08%로 가장 낮았다. 기장의 경우는 검은 기장이 13.4%로 특히 가장 높았다. 수수는 본 시험에 공시된 7품종의 범위가 88.47~90.11%로 품종간 차이가 크지 않았다. 벼 3품종, 조 9품종, 기장 6품종, 수수 7품종의 평균항산화 활성을 보면 수수 > 기장 > 조 > 벼 순으로 각각 1.60% > 2.43% > 6.13% > 89.50%로 나타났다. 수수의 평균 항산화 활성은 조의 37배, 기장의 15배나 높았다. Miscellaneous grain crops has been appeared as a well-being food and the demand of them are increasing recently. It is urgent to study especially about the functional materials of foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum. This experiment was conducted to evaluation and comparison several functional materials of fatty acids, anthocyanin content, total phenol content and DPPH assay of rice, and foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum produced organically so that these results would provide as a basic information for developing functional products by using miscellaneous grain crops. Total content of fatty acids was in order of foxtail millet (0.649%) and common millet (0.33%), sorghum (0.172%) and rice (0.111%) respectively. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was also in order of foxtail millet (0.511%) and common millet (0.269%), sorghum (0.122%) and rice (0.069%) respectively. Although there was no detection of anthocyanin content in rice, foxtail millet and common millet, sorghum showed high content of anthocyanin content. Sorghum of Mongdangsusu showed the highest anthocyanin content (137.5mg/g). In the total phenol content of rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo had high content ($13.70{\mu}g/g$) whereas Daeanbyeo was the lowest content ($10.07{\mu}g/g$). Foxtail millet of Hinchajo, common millet of Byeorukgijang and sorghum of Chalsusu showed the highest total phenol content of $25.8{\mu}g/g$, $69.4{\mu}g/g$ and $682.2{\mu}g/g$ respectively. In the average of total phenol content among rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum showed $12.25{\mu}g/g$, $16.95{\mu}g/g$, $51.01{\mu}g/g$ and $447.4{\mu}g/g$ of total phenol content respectively. The average of total phenol content of sorghum was $26.3{\mu}g/g$. It is 36.3 and 26.3 times higher compared with rice and foxtail millet respectively. In the antioxidant activity of seeds by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay for rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo, foxtail millet of Ganghywajo and common millet of Geumeungijang showed the highest antioxidant activity with 3.6%, 4.78% and 13.4% respectively. Antioxidant activity of sorghum ranged from 88.47 to 90.11%. The average of antioxidant activity among four crops, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from sorghum (89.50%) and the next was common millet (6.13%), foxtail millet (2.43%), and rice (1.60%) in their order of antioxidant activity. The average of antioxidant activity of sorghum showed 55.9, 37.0 and 15times higher compared with rice, common millet and foxtail millet respectively.

유기농 잡곡의 몇몇 기능성 물질 비교

윤성탁,김태호,남중창,김태윤,김혜림,조성훈,이승우,이명철,김민정,김성민 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.4

Miscellaneous grain crops has been appeared as a well-being food and the demand of them are increasing recently. It is urgent to study especially about the functional materials of foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum. This experiment was conducted to evaluation and comparison several functional materials of fatty acids, anthocyanin content, total phenol content and DPPH assay of rice, and foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum produced organically so that these results would provide as a basic information for developing functional products by using miscellaneous grain crops. Total content of fatty acids was in order of foxtail millet (0.649%) and common millet (0.33%), sorghum (0.172%) and rice (0.111%) respectively. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was also in order of foxtail millet (0.511%) and common millet (0.269%), sorghum (0.122%) and rice (0.069%) respectively. Although there was no detection of anthocyanin content in rice, foxtail millet and common millet, sorghum showed high content of anthocyanin content. Sorghum of Mongdangsusu showed the highest anthocyanin content (137.5mg/g). In the total phenol content of rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo had high content (13.70㎍/g) whereas Daeanbyeo was the lowest content (10.07㎍/g). Foxtail millet of Hinchajo, common millet of Byeorukgijang and sorghum of Chalsusu showed the highest total phenol content of 25.8㎍/g, 69.4㎍/g and 682.2㎍/g respectively. In the average of total phenol content among rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum showed 12.25㎍/g, 16.95㎍/g, 51.01㎍/g and 447.4㎍/ g of total phenol content respectively. The average of total phenol content of sorghum was 26.3㎍/g. It is 36.3 and 26.3 times higher compared with rice and foxtail millet respectively. In the antioxidant activity of seeds by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl) assay for rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo, foxtail millet of Ganghywajo and common millet of Geumeungijang showed the highest antioxidant activity with 3.6%, 4.78% and 13.4% respectively. Antioxidant activity of sorghum ranged from 88.47 to 90.11%. The average of antioxidant activity among four crops, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from sorghum (89.50%) and the next was common millet (6.13%), foxtail millet (2.43%), and rice (1.60%) in their order of antioxidant activity. The average of antioxidant activity of sorghum showed 55.9, 37.0 and 15times higher compared with rice, common millet and foxtail millet respectively.

Chemical Composition and in vitro Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oil and Solvent Extract from the Aerial Parts of Teucrium polium Grown in Tunisia

Sana Bakari,Marwa Ncir,Samir Felhi,Hafedh Hajlaoui,Mongi Saoudi,Neji Gharsallah,Adel Kadri 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.6

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties of extracts and essential oils of the aerial parts of Teucrium polium growing in Tunisia were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts ranged from 48.88±0.01 to 400.00±0.01 mg of GAE/g and from 2.75±0.01 to 38.85±0.04mg of QE/g, respectively. GC/MS analysis of essential oils led to identification of 71 compounds representing 89.66% of the total composition. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH. (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching, and reducing power. The best overall antioxidant activity was recorded for acetone extracts, with a strong positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the IC50 value of DPPH (R²=0.9999), attributed to the polyphenolic content.

국내산 프로폴리스의 총플라보노이드 및 총페놀함량 비교

우순옥(Woo, Soon Ok),홍인표(In-Pyo Hong),한상미(Sangmi Han) 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Propolis is a sticky material like resin made from plant growing point which are collected by bees, then mixed with bee saliva enzyme. It is used to keep bee colony safe by applying inside of bee hive. The propolis, it is necessary to extract the active ingredient in raw material, mainly extracted by the ethyl alcohol. Ethanol extracted propolis collected from different regions in Korea, we compared the total flavonoids and total phenolic contents. The average of total flavonoids content of propolis were 6.1% in central regions, 5.7% in southern regions, however, propolis in Jeju island represented the average value of 0.44%. The other areas showed a value of 7.4%. The total phenolic contents of propolis were 21.8% in the central region, 20.9% in southern regions, 13.7% in Jeju, and the other areas showed a value of 29.4%. Although some differences depending on the region, the propolis produced in Korea has been as the substance that is rich in flavonoids and phenolics.

국내 자생 민들레의 종류별 항산화성 및 세포독성 연구

천상욱 한국작물학회 2012 한국작물학회지 Vol.57 No.1

민들레의 종류별 성분 및 생리활성 차이를 검토하고자 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 항암성을 분석하였다. 민들레 종류별 1000mgkg1의 메탄올 추출물의 총 페놀 함량은 지상부 추출물이 50.2~76.8mgkg1범위로 지하부 추출물 24.9~40.0mgkg1범위보다 높게 나타났으며, 종별로는 민들레가 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 흰민들레와 서양민들레 순으로 나타났다. 민들레의 지상부 및 지하부 추출물에서 각각 76.8과 40.0mgkg1를 보여 유의적으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다(p < 0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 유사한 경향을 보였으나 총 페놀 함량보다 낮은 함량 범위(6.5~36.4mgkg1)를 보였다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 민들레의 지상부와 뿌리 추출물 1,000mgkg1에서 DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 각각 89.6와 83.4%의 소거능을 보여 다른 두 종보다 높은 활성을 보였다. MTT법에 의한 세포독성 시험에서 민들레 종류별 지상부와 지하부 추출물의 폐암세포주(Calu-6)에 대한 세포 생존율은 민들레 추출물에서 가장 낮았고(IC50값 = 83.4과 66.4mgkg1), 그 다음으로 흰민들레와 서양민들레 순으로 높은 생존율을 보여 민들레가 다른 두 종에 비해 높은 세포독성이 있음을 보여 주었다. 한편, 위암세포주(SNU-601)에 대한 세포 생존율은 폐암세포주에 비해 상대적으로 높은 경향으로 이는 추출물이 더 낮은 항암활성을 갖고 있음을 나타냈다. 각 성분과 생리활성 항목간의 상관관계에 있어서 총 페놀 함량과 항산화 활성 또는 세포독성 항목간의 상관관계(r2 =0.0097~0.6213)는 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화 활성 또는 세포독성 항목간 상관관계(r2 =0.0027~0.4627) 보다 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 총 페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량이 항산화성 및 세포독성 과 높은 연관성을 보이며, 그 함량과 활성은 민들레 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났다. Contents of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity were investigated in the methanol extracts of three different Taraxacum species, Taraxacum coreanum , Taraxacum mongolicum , and Taraxacum officinale . Total phenolics content at 1000mg~;kg-1 was more present in shoot parts than in roots, and was highest in T. mongolicum shoot and root extracts (76.8 and 40.0mg~;kg-1 , respectively), followed by T. coreanum and T. officinale (p < 0.05). Total flavonoid level had same tendency to total phenolics among Taraxacum species, showing lower amounts (6.5~36.4mg~;kg-1 ) than total phenolics. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the species dose-dependently increased. DPPH free radical scavenging activity at 1,000mg~;kg-1 was highest in shoot and root extracts from T. mongolicum by 89.6 and 83.4%, respectively. According to MTT assay, cell viability of Calu-6 (human pulmonary carcinoma) was lowest in the T. mongolicum shoot and root extracts (IC50 values=83.4 and 66.4mg~;kg-1 , respectively), and followed by T. coreanum and T. officinale (lowest). Calu-6 was more sensitive to the extracts than SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma). Antioxidative and anticancer activities in three different Taraxacum species was more correlated with total phenolics content (r2 =0.0097 to 0.6213) than with total flavonoids level (r2 =0.0027 to 0.4627). The results showed total phenolics content and total flavonoids level were highly correlated with anticancer activity and antioxidant activity, and their content and activities were different depending on species.

프락토올리고당과 이소말토올리고당을 첨가한 오미자청의 품질 특성 연구

박예리 ( Yeri Park ),최혁진 ( Hyeok-jin Choi ),최선강 ( Seon-kang Choi ),박경철 ( Kyong-cheul Park ),박남일 ( Nam Il Park ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.34 No.0

본 연구에서는 오미자청 제조에 있어 설탕을 대체할 수 있는 당류 저감 소재를 사용하여 오미자청을 제조하고자 하였다. 오미자와 설탕, 프락토올리고당, 그리고 이소말토올리고당을 함량과 혼합 비율에 따라 다양한 청을 제조하였으며, 제조 후 저장 기간을 2주 간격으로 두어 생리활성을 평가하였다. 오미자청의 품질 특성을 분석한 결과 당도, 산도 및 당산비는 저장 기간에 따라 삼투압에 의해 오미자의 과실 내 수분이 용출되어 점차 감소하는 경향이 나타났으나, 당원에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 총 페놀 함량은 설탕과 프락토올리고당을 혼합하여 제조한 오미자청 S7이 가장 높았으며, 저장 기간이 증가할수록 두 가지 이상의 올리고당을 혼합한 오미자청 S7-S10에서 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 설탕으로 제조한 오미자청 S1에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 프락토올리고당으로 제조한 오미자청 S2가 높은 함량을 나타냈다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 설탕과 프락토올리고당을 혼합하여 제조한 오미자청 S7 처리구가 가장 높았고, 이소말토올리고당으로 제조한 오미자청 S3 처리구가 가장 낮았으나, ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 S3가 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 마지막으로 α-glucosidase 저해활성은 설탕으로 제조한 오미자청 S1이 가장 저해 활성이 나타났지만, 낮은 pH에 대한 안전성을 나타내며 체내효소에 의해 흡수가 되지 않는 이소말토올리고당을 사용한 오미자청 S6이 당류 저감에 있어서 가장 실용적인 활용방안으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to prepare Omija cheong using sugar reducing materials such as fructooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide as a sucrose substitute. Sugar content, acidity, and sugar acid ratio were measured to evaluate the quality of the prepared syrup. Antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content were measured to evaluate the physiological activity of the prepared Omija cheong. Acidity and sugar ratio tended to decrease gradually due to the eluting of water from the omija by osmotic pressure depending on the storage period, but there was no significant difference according to the sugar source. The total phenol content was highest in Omija cheong S7, prepared by mixing sugar and fructooligosaccharide; in S7-S10 containing two or more sweetners, the longer the storage period, the higher the total phenol content. Total flavonoid content was highest in S1 prepared from sugar, followed by S2 prepared from fructooligosaccharide. The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability was the highest in S7, prepared by mixing sugar and fructooligosaccharide; and the lowest in S3, prepared with isomaltooligosaccharide. However, S3 showed the highest value in ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging ability. S1 Omija cheong prepared from sugar showed the most inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. S6 which was prepared using isomaltooligosaccharide that is not absorbed by internal enzymes, showed safety even at a low pH, and is considered to be the most practical method for sugar reduction.