암시적 결과 관계 문장의 실시간 예측 처리 과정에서 한국어 주제어 표지의 역할: 시선추적 연구

김현우 ( Hyunwoo Kim ),김기택 ( Kitaek Kim ),김준희 ( Joonhee Kim ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원 2022 언어사실과 관점 Vol.57 No.-

This study tested the effect of topicality information encoded in a topic-marked subject in Korean speakers' predictive processing of implicit consequentiality sentences when topicality and implicit consequentiality create biases in opposite directions. Findings from a visual world eye-tracking experiment showed Korean speakers’ predictive looks to a discourse referent (i.e., object referent) according to the preceding verb's implicit consequentiality information when the subject of the preceding clause was marked by a nominative marker. However, when a topic-marked subject appeared in the preceding clause, participants were more likely to look at a bias-inconsistent referent (i.e., subject referent). The stronger effect of topicality observed in anticipatory processing is argued to be a consequence of comprehenders' reliance on case-marking information to maximize efficiency of predictive processing.

On the Old English Indefinite Pronoun Man

Hee-Cheol Yoon 한국영어학학회 2006 영어학연구 Vol.- No.21

  This study aims to provide semantic and syntactic explanations for the passive voice of the Old English man construction. Semantically speaking, its passive interpretation comes from the inherently unspecified and nonreferent properties of the indefinite pronoun man; these properties are associated with low inherent topicality and make the man construction susceptible to agent defocusing and the downgrading of transitivity. Low inherent topicality of the indefinite man produces some idiosyncratic syntactic patterns of the man construction such as its absence in a sentence- initial position and the precedence of a personal pronoun or a definite NP over it. Regarding the aforementioned semantic and syntactic properties, I suggest the minimalist-based approach, under which the man construction lacks the agentive light verb v and selects the indefinite man as the specifier of VP. The indefinite man carries the uninterpretable Case features subject to movement forced by T but cannot be attracted by the functional head Top due to its low inherent topicality. Instead, an oblique Case- marked personal pronoun or a definite noun phrase can undergo topicalization and precede the indefinite man, since the former has higher inherent topicality than the latter. The emergence of the expletive man predicts the eventual disappearance of the indefinite man. Around the end of Middle English, the indefinite pronoun man became no longer productive with the passive voice of English regularly expressed by the periphrasis using the auxiliary be.

Genericity and Topicality: Towards Dynamic Genericity

Chungmin Lee 한국언어과학회 2011 언어과학 Vol.18 No.1

This paper argues that typical generic sentences are topic constructions crosslinguistically, supporting Lee's 1996 initial claim, but argues against Cohen et al's 2002 claim that focused bare plurals are interpreted existentially. Contrastive Topic and Contrastive Focus can apply to either generic or anti-generic/existential phrases. Therefore, contrastively focused bare plurals can be generic, not necessarily existential. PL-marking and NumCl-marking in Korean and Japanese are anti-generic (existential) and distributive in nature, interacting with information structure. Generic sentences are about generic DPs, which function as Topics as semantic definites such as a bare singular common noun with a Topic marker in Korean (a 'definitional' generic, Krifka 2009), bare plurals (or indefinite singular) in English, and definites in French, typically combined with individual-level predicates of characterizing or kind-referring nature, as in (1) Say-nun nal-n-ta 'Birds fly.' An existential sentence in Korean, on the other hand, has a NOM marker in the subject DP and is PL(ural)-marked, followed by a stage-level predicate, as in (2) Say-ka/-tul-i nal-a ka-ko iss-ta 'Birds are flying,' as opposed to the atemporal PRES predicate in (1). Focus-sensitive cases such as Even mammals lay eggs and cec-mek-i-tongmul-to al-ul nah-a (???cec-mek- i-tongmul-un al-ul nah-a) will be discussed and dynamic genericity is proposed to meet from context to context changes and existential-like generic situations

소셜미디어의 뉴스 화제성이 진실착오에 미치는 영향: 친구 추천과 알고리듬(Algorithm) 추천의 매개효과에 의한 반향실 효과검증*

김미경,김봉덕 한국지역언론학회 2024 언론과학연구 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 뉴스의 화제성이 친구 추천의 사회적인 동조성 인식과 알고리듬 추천의 사회적 보편성 인식을 매개로 진실착오효과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구결과, 첫째, 소셜미디어의 뉴스화제성은 진실착오에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째 소셜미디어의 뉴스화제성은 친구 추천을 증진하였으며, 친구 추천은 알고리듬 추천을 강화하였다. 셋째, 소셜미디어의 뉴스화제성은 알고리듬 추천도 강화하였다. 넷째, 알고리듬 추천은 진실착오에 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 친구 추천과 알고리듬 추천의 이중매개를 통해서 뉴스화제성과 진실착오에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 소셜미디어의 뉴스화제성이 친구 추천의 사회적인 동조성 인식과 알고리듬 추천의 사회적 보편성 인식으로 구체적인 사실 확인보다는 적당하고 정확한 것으로 뉴스를 평정하여 진실착오의 인지편향을 낳을 수 있음을 보여준다. 이로 인해 여론지각의 오류를 발생시킬뿐더러 반향실의 소용돌이에서 뉴스 신뢰가 약화되며 장기적으로 민주주의 체질을 약화시킬 수 있다. 이에 이용자들은 뉴스출처, 뉴스처리과정, 뉴스의 맥락, 뉴스의 범주와 정의화의 역학을 이해하고 확증적 오류의 가능성을 성찰할 수 있는 수용태도를 갖추도록 해야 할 것이다. This study aimed to examine how news topicality affects the illusory truth effect through the perception of social conformity of peer recommendations and the perception of social universality of algorithmic recommendations. The results of this study are as follows: First, news topicality had a direct effect on illusory truth. Second, news topicality promoted peer recommendations, and peer recommendations strengthened algorithmic recommendations. Third, news topicality also strengthened algorithmic recommendations. Fourth, algorithmic recommendations affected illusory truth. Fifth, the relation of news topicality and illusory truth were affected through the double mediation of peer recommendations and algorithmic recommendations. These results show that news topicality can lead to cognitive bias of illusory truth by evaluating news as appropriate and accurate rather than confirming specific facts through the perception of social conformity of peer recommendations and the perception of social universality of algorithmic recommendations. This not only causes errors in public opinion perception, but also weakens trust in news in the echo chamber, and can weaken the constitution of democracy in the long term. Accordingly, users should understand the context of news, the category of news, and the dynamics of definition, and have an attitude of acceptance that can humbly reflect on the possibility of confirmatory errors.

The Role of Topicality in Subject Selection

Kim, Sungwook 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.4

The problem of subject selection is one of the frequently discussed topics concerning the lexical semantics-syntax interface. In the present article we have critically reviewed three representative approaches: the thematic hierarchy approach, Randall’s (2010) lexical decomposition approach, and Dowty’s proto-role approach. Dowty’s (1991) analysis seems to have greater explanatory power than the other two, but it is far from satisfactory in that it cannot account for subject selection in sentences containing symmetrical predicates or location subject predicates. Building upon the observations by Levin and Rappaport Hovav (2005), Wunderlich (2006), and Dowty (2000), we have claimed that topicality of an argument plays a crucial role in subject selection when the two coarguments have (almost) the same number of proto-role entailments and that the semantic idiosyncrasies of the location subject sentence are attributable to the topical nature of its subject, not to the polysemous nature of the predicate, as Dowty (2000) claims.

English Raising Constructions and Their Korean Translations

Kiseong Park 한국중원언어학회 2015 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.34

This paper was to investigate subject-to-subject [SS] raising and subject-to-object [SO] raising constructions in English as well as the linguistic factors which affect the Korean translations of the raising constructions. This study mainly discussed four main concerns. First, there is difference in the markedness of the raising depending on the SS or SO raising in terms of the frequency of tokens in English and Korean. Second, SS raising constructions in both languages are prominently used for the topicality of the raised subject, and the topicality in the SS raising is reflected in the Korean translations by the choice of the topic marker or nominative marker. However, the topicality in the SO raising in English is not clearly reflected by the SO raising in the Korean translations. Third, it is claimed that the modality predicates in English induce much more SS raising than their corresponding non-raising construction. In the translated version, almost all instances of the SS raising are translated with the raising construction in Korean. Fourth, the SO raising in the translations are conditioned by the feature of contrastive meaning.

Comparative Properties of Zero Anaphora between Tagalog and Korean

박기태 한국현대언어학회 2020 언어연구 Vol.36 No.3

“Comparative Properties of Zero Anaphora between Tagalog and Korean.” This paper comparatively studies the distribution and interpretation of zero anaphora in Tagalog and Korean in terms of typological perspective by drawing a comprehensive account. The two restrictions, SAPs and topicality in both languages, are touched upon with the corresponding examples. For SAPs in the interrogative, imperative, exhortative, (and promissive) mood, the reference with the overt pronouns can be categorized within the discourse deixis rather than within the discourse anaphora. In those constructions, the overt pronouns in Tagalog are considered the discourse overt deixis, the overt pronouns and optional zero anaphors in Korean are also considered the discourse overt or zero deixis. Meanwhile, other examples discussed in terms of topicality in two languages are considered the discourse anaphoric or zero expression. For topicality, the reference for the topical referent is preferred by the overt pronoun, while the reference for the non-topical one is preferred by the zero anaphor in Tagalog. In contrast, the zero anaphor takes preference over the overt pronoun in referring to the topical referent, while the zero anaphor and the overt pronoun are optional although the overt pronoun is more preferred in referring to the non-topical referent in Korean.

Topicality, Predicate Prototypes, and Conceptual Space

Patrick Murphy 세종대학교 언어연구소 2005 Journal of Universal Language Vol.6 No.1

This paper has the goal of investigating the nature of membership within the category passive and cross-linguistic comparison of constructions, passive and otherwise. Topicality measures were collected from the Uppsala Corpus of Russian for passive and active uses of the Russian verbs pisat/napisat to write, davat/dat to give, and zabyvat/zabyt to forget. Crofts (2001) notion of plotting constructions in conceptual space is exploited as a means of cross-linguistic comparison using these topicality measures. Examining the conceptual space of various voice constructions with these Rusian verbs, Crofts generalizations are upheld, their position being consistent whether Referential Distance or Topic Persistence is used as a measure. Finally, data from other typological discourse studies is plotted, noting where various voice constructions pattern, and how this data fits into Crofts model.

On the Causes of Passives in English, Korean and Chinese from a Corpus-Based Approach

박태선 언어과학회 2020 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.93

This study examines the factors of passive voice in Korean, English, and Chinese from authentic data through the use of a corpus. The corpora used in this study are NIKLC for Korean, BNC for English, and ECPC for Chinese. The result shows that in English, topicality is the highest factor, connectedness is the second factor, and circumstances dependency is the third factor. In Korean, topicality is the highest factor, circumstances dependency is the second factor and connectedness is the third factor. In Chinese, affectedness is the highest factor, connectedness is the second factor, and topicality is the third factor. Agent omission phenomenon is a common characteristic in the three languages. Circumstances dependency, which is characteristic of Korean passive, is the lowest in English. Though the corpora used in this study may not be completely perfect in their content, this research has its value in the fact that it tries to compare the three languages through the use of a corpus.

On the Causes of Passives in English, Korean and Chinese from a Corpus-Based Approach

Taesun Park(박태선) 언어과학회 2020 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.93

This study examines the factors of passive voice in Korean, English, and Chinese from authentic data through the use of a corpus. The corpora used in this study are NIKLC for Korean, BNC for English, and ECPC for Chinese. The result shows that in English, topicality is the highest factor, connectedness is the second factor, and circumstances dependency is the third factor. In Korean, topicality is the highest factor, circumstances dependency is the second factor and connectedness is the third factor. In Chinese, affectedness is the highest factor, connectedness is the second factor, and topicality is the third factor. Agent omission phenomenon is a common characteristic in the three languages. Circumstances dependency, which is characteristic of Korean passive, is the lowest in English. Though the corpora used in this study may not be completely perfect in their content, this research has its value in the fact that it tries to compare the three languages through the use of a corpus.