운동생리학 : Weight와 Swimming 복합훈련이 남녀 수영선수의 신체조성, 기록과 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

최재현(JaeHyunChoi) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.5

This study analyzed the changes of record, blood component and body composition following training method combined weight in swimming. The male and female swimmer(n=28) in high school trained for 12weeks dividing into 4 group, which are male weight and swimming training group(MWT, n=7), male swimming training group(MST, n=7), female weight and swimming training group(FWT, n=7) and female swimming training group(FST, n=7) for determine the effect on training method combined weight in swimming. The MWT and FWT group was operated weight training for 3days(Mon., Wed., Fri.) and swimming training for 3days(Tue., Thu., Sat.) with 6 times/week, and MST and FST group was operated only swimming training with 6 times/week, Also Swimming training was operated in the same way with similar training condition between 4group as possible. All date were expressed as mean and standard deviations by using SPSS window 11.0 package program, and were analyzed by using paired t-test to evaluate the change of within groups and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to evaluate the difference of between groups. For the posttest, Duncan was employed. These statistical processes were all performed at the significant level of .05. the results of the study can be described as follows. 1) Body weight increased within MWT, FWT and FST groups, and MWT group increased more significant than MST, FWT and FST group. 2) Body fat mass decreased within FWT group, and increased within FST group. MWT and FWT group decreased more significant than MST, FST group. 3) Lean body mass increased within MWT and FWT group, and MWT group increased more significant than MST, FWT and FST group, and FWT group increased more significant than MST and FST group. 4) 100m and 200m record decreased within all groups, and FWT group decreased more significant than MWT, MST and FST group. 5) Red blood corpuscle increased within MWT, FWT and FST group, and MWT and FWT group increased more significant than MST and FST group. 6) Hemoglobin increase within MWT, MST and FWT group, and MWT and FWT group increased more significant than MST and FST group.

수영 보조 훈련이 기록 향상에 미치는 영향 비교: 튜빙, 스윔벤치, 웨이트 트레이닝을 중심으로

방민철,윤상돈,이민기 한국체육교육학회 2024 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: This study assesses the impact of supportive swimming training methods—including tubing, swim bench, and weight training—on improving the performance records of elementary school swimmers Method: Sixteen elementary school swimmers were divided into four groups of four. Each group underwent tubing, swim bench, weight training, and general training, respectively. The general training group received only basic swimming training without extra supportive training. A total of 12 weeks of training program was implemented. Before the study began, a one-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze baseline differences among the groups. Following the 12-week program, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test assessed within-group improvements and inter-group differences in 50m freestyle combination records. Results: All groups showed statistically significant improvements in performance. The most effective training methods were tubing and swim bench, followed by weight training and general training. Conclusion: Supportive swimming training effectively enhances elementary school swimmers' 50m freestyle combination records. Though limitations include a small sample size, short-term study duration, and age restrictions, further research with larger samples is warranted for validation. Future studies should explore combinations of supportive training used here and new auxiliary training types.

규칙적인 수영운동과 일회성 수영운동이 흰쥐의 항산화 효소에 미치는 영향

이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ),차광석 ( Kwang Suk Cha ) 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of regular swimming training and one time swimming exercise on response of antioxidant enzymes activity in rats. 30 male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into regular swimming training group and one time swimming group. Also, regular swimming training group was swimmed for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 50 min/day). All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS/PC+ program, and data were analyzed by Paired t-test (α = .05), and Independent t-test was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) were significantly (p<.05) increased in regular swimming training group after 8 weeks comparing to the 0 levels. 2. But. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) were not significantly differentiated in one time swimming group after 8 weeks comparing to the 0 levels. 3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) were significantly (p<.05) differences between regular swimming training group and one time swimming group after 8 weeks. In summary, given these results were able to confirm the effects of antioxidant enzymes activity on the prolonged aerobic exercise training. However, we suggest that these response of antioxidants enzymes activity will be different from various of exercise training mode, volume, and intensity, respectively.

단기간의 수영운동이 흰쥐 골격근 내 젖산, MCT1 발현 및 혈중 케톤체 농도에 미치는 영향

이호성 대한운동학회 2013 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.15 No.4

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term swimming exercise training on lactate levels, MCT 1 contents and circulating ketone bodies in rat skeletal muscle. [METHOD] Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=32) were performed swimming exercise training for 60 minute/day and 7 days/week, for 3 weeks. Lactate in rat skeletal muscle was measured immediately after (IA, n=8), and MCT 1 protein in soleus muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle and liver were measured before exercise (pre, n=8), after 7 days (7D, n=8) and 21 days (21D, n=8). In Glucocorticoid administration, Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=14) were assigned to administration group (AG, n=7) and control group (CON, n=7). Administration group was subcutaneous injected prednisolone acetate (2mg/kg) and normal saline in control group, for 4 days, and than MCT 1 protein and blood ketone body were measured after injections. [RESULT] Lactate concentration in soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle were significantly increased immediately after of swimming exercise training compared with before exercise (p=.005, p=.008 respectively). MCT 1 protein in soleus muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle were significantly increased after both 7 and 21 days of swimming exercise training compared with before exercise (p=.032, p=.005; p=.037, p=.028 respectively), and MCT 1 protein in liver was significantly increased after 21 days of swimming exercise training (p=.037). In Glucocorticoid administration, MCT 1 protein in liver and blood ketone body concentration were significantly increased in the administration group than in the control group (p=.027, p=.021 respectively). [CONCLUSION] These results suggest that product of intracellular endogenous monocarboxylic and proton induces MCT 1 in the skeletal muscle and liver during short-term swimming exercise training. [서론] 이 연구는 단기간의 수영운동이 흰쥐 골격근 내 젖산, MCT1 발현 및 혈중 케톤체 농도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. [방법] 수영운동에서 실험동물은 8주령의 Sprague-Dawley (SD)수컷 흰쥐 총 32마리를 대상으로 하였으며, 수영운동은 1회 60분간, 주 7회, 3주간에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 골격근내의 젖산은 운동직후(IA, n=8)에 측정하였으며, 골격근(가자미근, 장지신근), 심장근 및 간장의 MCT1 단백질양은 운동전(pre, n=8), 7일 후(7D, n=8) 및 21일 후(21D, n=8)에 각각 측정하였다. Glucocorticoid 투여실험에서 실험동물은 8주령의 Sprague-Dawley (SD)수컷 흰쥐 총 14마리를 투여군(administration group; n=7)과 대조군(control group; n=7)으로 분류하였으며, 투여군은 초산 프레드니솔론(prednisolone acetate 2mg/kg)을, 대조군은 생리식염수를 4일간 매일 피하 투여하였으며, 투여 4일 후에 혈액을 채취하여 MCT1 단백질양 및 혈중 케톤체 농도를 측정하였다. [결과] 가자미근 및 장지신근의 젖산농도는 운동전과 비교해서 운동직후에 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.005, p<.008 respectively). 가자미근 및 심장근의 MCT1 단백질양은 운동전과 비교해서 운동 7일 후 및 운동 21일 후에 각각 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.032, p<.005; p<.037, p<.028 respectively). 또한 간장의 MCT1 단백질양은 운동전과 비교해서 운동 21일 후에 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.037). 간장의 MCT1 단백질양 및 혈중 케톤체 농도는 대조군과 비교해서 투여군에 있어서 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.027, p<.021 respectively). [결론] 이상의 결과에 의하면, 이 연구에서는 단기간의 수영운동이 세포내에서의 내인성 monocarboxylic acid 및 양성자의 생성이 골격근과 간장의 MCT1을 유도할 가능성이 시사되었다.

Swim Training Improves Fitness in High Fat Diet-fed Female Mice

Jongkui Jun,Wang-Lok Lee,Young-Ran Lee,Sunhyo Jeong 대한의생명과학회 2010 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.16 No.3

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid metabolism and obesity. Exercise also is a powerful modifier of the manifestations of the lipid metabolism and obesity in animal models and humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and obesity in normal-weight younger female subjects, having functional ovaries and not metabolic disease, remain unexplained. To explore the effects of exercise on the development of obesity and its molecular mechanism in high fat diet-fed female C57BL/6J mice, we experimented the effects of swim training on body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipid levels, morphological changes of adipocytes and the expression of PPARα target genes involved in fat oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue of female C57BL/6J mice. Swim-trained mice had significantly decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum triglycerides compared with female control mice. Histological studies showed that swim training significantly decreased the average size of adipoctyes in parametrial adipose tissue. Swim training did not affect the expression of PPARα mRNA in skeletal muscle. Concomitantly, swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPARα target genes responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, these results indicate that swim training regulates lipid metabolism and obesity in high fat diet fed-female mice although swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle, suggesting that swim training may prevent obesity and improve fitness through other mechanisms in female with functioning ovaries, not through the activation of skeletal muscle PPARα.

The Effect of Short-Term Swimming Exercise Training on Lactate Levels, MCT 1 Contents and Circulating Ketone Bodies in Rat Skeletal Muscle

( Ho Seong Lee ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Monocarboxylates such lactate, pyruvate and the ketone bodies play major in metabolism and MCT 1 is present in the plasma membranes of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term swimming exercise training on lactate levels, MCT 1 contents and circulating ketone bodies in rat skeletal muscle. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 32) were performed swimming exercise training for 60 minute/day and 7 days/week, for 3 weeks. Lactate in rat skeletal muscle was measured immediately after (IA, n = 8), and MCT 1 protein in soleus muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle and liver were measured before exercise (pre, n = 8), after 7 days (7D, n = 8) and 21 days (21D, n = 8). In glucocorticoid administration, Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 14) were assigned to administration group (AG, n = 7) and control group (CON, n = 7). Administration group was subcutaneous injected prednisolone acetate (2 mg/kg) and normal saline in control group, for 4 days, and then MCT 1 protein and blood ketone bodies were measured after injections. Results: Lactate concentration in soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle were significantly increased immediately after of swimming exercise training compared with before exercise (p = .005, p = .008 respectively). MCT 1 protein in soleus muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle were significantly increased after both 7 and 21 days of swimming exercise training compared with before exercise (p = .032, p=.005; p = .037, p = .028 respectively), and MCT 1 protein in liver was significantly increased after 21 days of swimming exercise training (p = .037). In glucocorticoid administration, MCT 1 protein in liver and blood ketone bodies concentration were significantly increased in the administration group than in the control group (p = .027, p = .021 respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that product of intracellular endogenous monocarboxylic and proton induces MCT 1 in the skeletal muscle and liver during short-term swimming exercise training.

초등교원의 바다생존수영 직무연수 참여 경험과 의미 탐색

강민욱,원동현 한국코칭능력개발원 2024 코칭능력개발지 Vol.26 No.5

초등학교 학생을 대상으로 하는 생존수영 의무교육은 기존 영법 위주의 수영 수업이 아닌 안전의식 고취를 위하여 수상 환경에서의생존 및 안전사고 예방을 목적으로 도입되었다. 이와 같은 교육목적 및 취지에도 불구하고 생존수영 의무교육 현장에서는 수영장과같은 실기 교육 공간의 부족, 교원의 전문역량 및 전문 강사의 부족 등 문제가 제기되고 있다. 이에 교육부 등 관계기관은 교원의 생존수영교육 지도 방법 공유와 생존수영 역량 향상을 위한 직무연수 프로그램을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 생존수영 직무연수에 참여한 초등교원을 대상으로 연수 과정에 참여하면서 경험한 사례와 의미를 개인과 집단 단위에서 탐색하였다. 이에 A시 교육청의 임해교육원에서 직무연수 1기(2023년 7월 31일~8월 2일)와 2기(2023년 8월 16일~8월 18일)에 각각 참여한 초등교원 7명을 최종 연구 참여자로 선정하여 심층면담을 실시하였다. 초등교원의 바다생존수영 직무연수 참여 경험과 의미는 다음과 같은 결론으로 도출되었다. 첫째, 수영, 체육 등을 전공하지 않은 교원에게 생존수영 교육은 부담과 자신감 결여 등 문제로 연결된다. 초등교원은 직무연수 과정을 이수하면서 생존수영 교육 전문성 향상과 수상안전 지식 등 이론과 실기수업에 필요한 능력을 배양하기 위한 동기로 참여를 결정하였다. 둘째, 바다생존수영이라는 특수한 교육환경은 일반적인 수영장에서 경험할 수 없는 바다 환경에 대한 공포, 생존수영 교육을 다양한 수상 환경에 적용 가능한 자신감을 고취하는 의미로 해석되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하여 국내 생존수영 의무교육의 실효성을담보하기 위한 교육 정책과 교원의 전문성 향상, 지도력, 코칭 역량 강화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다. The survival swimming education for elementary school students aims to prevent accidents and raise safety awareness, focusing on self-rescue techniques rather than existing swimming methods. However, challenges exist, such as limited access to pools and a lack of professional instructors. To address these issues, related organizations, such as the Ministry of Education, are implementing job training programs. These programs aim to share teachers' survival swimming education teaching methods and improve survival swimming capabilities. This study explored the experiences and meanings of elementary school teachers who participated in survival swimming training. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers who participated in the 1st (July 31 - August 2, 2023) and 2nd (August 16 - August 18, 2023) job training programs at the ‘Waterfront Education Center of the A-si of Education’. The findings suggest that survival swimming education can be a burden and lead to a lack of confidence for teachers who do not specialize in swimming or physical education. However, the on-the-job training course helped them improve their expertise and cultivate the abilities necessary for both theoretical and practical classes, including water safety knowledge. The unique environment of sea survival swimming was interpreted as a means to promote confidence in applying survival swimming education to various aquatic environments. It also helped teachers overcome their fear of the sea, which cannot be replicated in a typical swimming pool. These findings can be used to inform educational policies that ensure the effectiveness of survival swimming education and enhance teachers' expertise, leadership, and coaching capabilities.

Physiological Changes in Jeju Crossbred Riding Horses by Swim Training

Kang, Ok-Deuk,Ryu, Youn-Chul,Yun, Young-Min,Kang, Min-Soo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

The changes in physiologic parameters by swim exercise duration were examined in five female well-trained Jeju crossbred riding horses that had riding experience of more than three years without swim training experience. The horses were performed with swim exercise for 10 min (60.0 m/min) once a day for 14 days. Physiologic characteristics and haematic parameters were measured before swimming, immediately after swimming, and after a 10 min rest at first day ($D_0$), 7 days ($D_7$), and 14 days ($D_{14}$) of training. After 14 days of swim training, heart rate (p<0.05), blood glucose (p<0.05), lactate concentration (p<0.001), packed cell volume (p<0.01), and hemoglobin (p<0.01) measured immediately after swim and after 10 min rest showed significant lower values than those of $D_0$. The results illustrate the benefits of swim training for riding horses and the need for the establishment of swimming routines of appropriate duration and intensity to maximize the advantages of swim training.

Rat의 유영훈련이 심근의 α, βMHC, mRNA 농도에 미치는 영향

박상갑,윤영학,김복주 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of α·β-MHC·mRAN concentration in cardiac muscle of rats after a 12-week swimming training. The 42 subjects, three week old Spragie-Dawley rate, were divided into five groups. The control group(n=7) lead a sedentary life during the whole training period. The four exercise groups had swimming training for 30,60,90 and 120minutes a day(five times a week) respectively. The cardiac muscle was taken from the subjects, then α·β-MHC·mRAN was analyzed by the northen blot method. The mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) were calculated and tested by multiple ANOVA. The level of significance was set at the probability value 9f 0.05. The followings summarize the results : 1. The concentration of α·β-MHC·mRAN increased in the cardiac muscle of the rat with respect to the aging process. 2. In cardiac muscle of swimming training group, concentration α·β-MHC·mRAN significantly(p<.01) increased to compare with the control group. 3. The concentration of α·β-MHC·mRAN increased in the cardiac muscle of the rat by way of endurance training. 4. The effect of exercise duration may have existed in the concentration of α·β-MHC·mRAN in the cardiac muscle of the rat. As exercise duration may have existed in the concentration of α·β-MHC·mRAN increased in the cardiac muslce Thus the swimming training caused muscular hypetrophy.

A review of the effect of swim training and nutrition on bone mineral density in female athletes

이남주,김종규 한국운동영양학회 2015 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.19 No.4

The present paper reviews the physiological adaptation to swim training and dietary supplementation relating to bone mineral density (BMD) in female swimmers. Swim training still seems to have conflicting effects on bone health maintenance in athletes, therefore, this review article focuses on swim training combined with dietary supplementation with respect to BMD in female athletes. Upon review of previous studies, it became obvious that the majority of studies did not collect physical activity data on the swimmers outside of their swimming activities. These activities may have some influence on the BMD of swimmers and therefore, future studies need to examine additional physical activity history data as well as swim training. This additional information may help to explain why swimmers' BMD tends to be lower than the BMD of control individuals in many studies. Moreover, dietary supplementation such as calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D also affect bone health in swimmers, and it is extremely important to evaluate BMD in the context of dietary supplementation. A review of the literature suggests that exercise intervention studies, including longitudinal and randomized control trials, need to attempt to introduce various exercise programs to female swimmers in order to determine the optimal exercise prescription for bone health.