광섬유센서에 의한 간이 비접촉 표면조도 측정기의 개발

홍준희 대한공업교육학회 2009 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop the handy non-contact measurement device of the surface roughness by using the optical fiber sensor. The advantages of fiber optic sensors are high-speed responsibility, non-effect of the magnetic, convenience of the product and high precision. The measurement theory for surface roughness of optical fiber sensor is one to one correspondence between the reflected light intensity based on the surface roughness of the object and the measurement value of previously known for surface roughness. The reflected light intensity was determined using the distance to the surface from the sensor probe and the limit reflection angle based on the surface roughness. Therefore, in this study, the sensor probe was produced for determining the value of surface roughness only using the limit reflection angle based on the surface roughness with the fixed distance from the surface. A prototype measurement system was composed of a transmitting part, a receiving part and a signal processing circuit. The materials of standard measurement which was used in this experiment were SM45C, STS303 and Al60. According to the results of this study, approximation surface roughness formulas which was deduced from the correlation of between the standard surface roughness and the sensing output were verified that they were effect against the surface roughness measurement value of the option sample. And handy optical fiber surface roughness measurement device which was produced by an order was verified that it was effect for measuring of the precision surface roughness. 본 연구는 광섬유센서를 이용하여 표면조도의 간이 비접촉 측정기를 개발하 는데 목적이 있다. 광섬유 센서의 장점은 우수한 고속 응답성, 자기의 무영향, 제작의 편이성 이다. 광섬유센서 표면조도 측정 원리는 측정물의 표면조도에 따라 반사되는 광의 세기와 기지의 표면조도 값을 일대일 대응시키는 것이다. 반사광의 세기는 센 서 프로브로부터 표면까지의 거리와 표면조도에 따른 반사한계각에 따라 결정 되는데 본 연구에서는 표면까지의 거리를 일정하게 하여 표면조도에 따른 반 사한계각만을 가지고 표면조도가 결정되도록 측정 프로브를 제작하였다. 측정 시스템은 발광부, 수광부과 신호처리부로 구성되었다. 이 실험에서 사 용된 표준 측정 재료는 SM45C, STS303과 Al60이었다. 연구결과 첫째, 재료에 따른 표면조도와 센서출력의 상관관계로부터 근사표 면조도식을 도출하고 임의 가공된 시료의 표면조도 측정을 통해 근사표면조도 식이 유효함을 입증하였다. 둘째, 실제 제작한 간이 광섬유센서 표면조도 측정 기가 유용함을 입증하였다.

현대건축 표면에 적용된 디지털미디어의 표현 특성 연구

김진영(Kim, Jin-Young),이현수(Lee, Hyun-Soo) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

Surface has been an important issue in contemporary architecture. That originates in structural freedom of surface since the end of modem architecture and the current stream of surface becoming an identity of building. Development of digital-media has brought a great change to our society in general. Digital-media is characterized by use of digital-information and interactive communication. Digital-media has been applied on surface in contemporary architecture lately. It is a purpose of the study to analyze the characteristics of digital-media application on surface based on the related characteristics of installation art. The categories and the contents for the frame of case analysis were arranged through document research. The foreign and domestic cases of digital-media application were analyzed based on the frame of analysis. Digital-media, which is installed on surface. is interacted with human and surroundings. It enhances emotional communication between human and architecture. Surface is not any more a simple fixture but an interactive creature. It makes surface more dynamically and fluidly that the course of light and human movement affect on digital-media. Surface itself is also turned into an object of art. It reflects the interweaving characteristics between contemporary architecture and installation art. It was analyzed through the study that emotional level of people is the important issue shared in digital-media application on surface and installation art. The complementary relationship between surface of contemporary architecture and installation art can be manipulated by the application of digital-media on surface.

Surface alterations following instrumentation with a nylon or metal brush evaluated with confocal microscopy

Kim, Young-Sung,Park, Jun-Beom,Ko, Youngkyung Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.5

Purpose: Surface alterations of titanium discs following instrumentation with either a nylon brush or a metal brush were evaluated. Methods: A total of 27 titanium discs with 3 surface types (9 discs for each type), including machined (M) surfaces, sandblasted and acid-etched (SA) surfaces, and surfaces treated by resorbable blast media (RBM), were used. Three discs were instrumented with a nylon brush, another 3 discs were instrumented with a metal brush, and the remaining 3 discs were used as controls for each surface type. Surface properties including the arithmetic mean value of a linear profile (Ra), maximum height of a linear profile (Rz), skewness of the assessed linear profile (Rsk), arithmetic mean height of a surface (Sa), maximum height of a surface (Sz), developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr), skewness of a surface profile (Ssk), and kurtosis of a surface profile (Sku) were measured using confocal microscopy. Results: Instrumentation with the nylon brush increased the Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the M surfaces. On the SA surfaces, Ra, Sa and Sdr decreased after nylon brush use. Meanwhile, the roughness of the RBM surface was not affected by the nylon brush. The use of the metal brush also increased the Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the M surface; however, the increase in Sdr was not statistically significant (P=0.119). The decreases in the Rz, Sz, Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the SA surfaces were remarkable. On the RBM surfaces, the use of the metal brush did not cause changes in Ra and Sa, whereas Rz, Sz, and Sdr were reduced. Conclusions: Titanium surfaces were altered when instrumented either with a nylon brush or a metal brush. Hence, it is recommended that nylon or metal brushes be used with caution in order to avoid damaging the implant fixture/abutment surface.

ENHANCEMENT OF SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE USING COLLOIDAL GOLD NANOPARTICLES EMBEDDED IN A SILICA LAYER

정재연,최재유,JIE CHENG,박민성,조성인,현진호,박성하 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2011 NANO Vol.6 No.5

This paper presents a strategy for the signal enhancement of surface plasmon resonance biosensors using colloidal gold nanoparticles and a silica layer. We describe the method for the deposition of a silica-stabilized gold nanoparticle layer on a gold film, namely an enhanced surface plasmon resonance chip. This chip shows significant changes in its surface plasmon resonance signals when biomolecules are attached to its surface as compared to a normal gold surface. These characteristics are closely related to the surface plasmon resonance effect as determined using prostate-specific antigen. The detection limit of the enhanced surface plasmon resonance chip is determined to be 0.01 ng/mL for a prostate-specific antigen immunoassay. The use of an enhanced surface plasmon resonance chip makes it possible to enhance signals 1000-fold compared to the signals obtained by conventional surface plasmon resonance sensing. The enhancement of the surface plasmon resonance spectral shift results from the coupling of the surface and particle plasmons through the application of a silica-stabilized gold nanoparticle layer on the gold surface.

Surface Modification of Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Treated by Using a Low-Temperature Plasma in Air

Hyung Sup Shin,Jun Kyu Jang,권용승,Ki Choong Mah 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, based on fluorosilicone acrylate, were treated by using a plasma in air to improve surface wettability. As a function of the plasma exposure time, the wetting angles were estimated, the chemical compositions were analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface morphology was observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). As the contact lenses were treated by the plasma, the wetting angle decreased significantly in the initial stage and decreased to 40 % of the wetting angle of the untreated lenses. The C, F, and N contents decreased significantly below 20 %, and the O and Si contents increased above 200 % on the surface. The rate of decrease of carbon was similar to the decrease in wetting angle. The number of oxygen-containing hydrophilic radicals (C-O and O-C=O) decreased because the carbons on the surface were oxidized and volatilized. The silica-like structure (SiOx, x = 1.5 ∼ 2.0) increased greatly (above 50 %), and the surface became hydrophilic. The surface roughness Rms decreased from 7 nm to about 4 nm, and the wetting angles decreased. The improved wettability of the contact lenses treated by using a plasma in air was affected more by the formation of a hydrophilic silica-like structure than by the change in surface morphology. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, based on fluorosilicone acrylate, were treated by using a plasma in air to improve surface wettability. As a function of the plasma exposure time, the wetting angles were estimated, the chemical compositions were analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface morphology was observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). As the contact lenses were treated by the plasma, the wetting angle decreased significantly in the initial stage and decreased to 40 % of the wetting angle of the untreated lenses. The C, F, and N contents decreased significantly below 20 %, and the O and Si contents increased above 200 % on the surface. The rate of decrease of carbon was similar to the decrease in wetting angle. The number of oxygen-containing hydrophilic radicals (C-O and O-C=O) decreased because the carbons on the surface were oxidized and volatilized. The silica-like structure (SiOx, x = 1.5 ∼ 2.0) increased greatly (above 50 %), and the surface became hydrophilic. The surface roughness Rms decreased from 7 nm to about 4 nm, and the wetting angles decreased. The improved wettability of the contact lenses treated by using a plasma in air was affected more by the formation of a hydrophilic silica-like structure than by the change in surface morphology.

Measurement of Adhesive Force of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins at Softwood Surface

( Minjeong Kim ),( Byung-dae Park ) 한국목재공학회 2021 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

This study aims to demonstrate a way of measuring the surface adhesion between softwood and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives, using a tensiometer. It is necessary to understand the surface adhesion of UF resins on wood because the interfacial adhesion between UF resin adhesives and heterogeneous wood is very complex. The surface adhesion force was measured on the surface of a glossy paper at different moving speeds such as 0.5, 7.5, and 1 mm/s. The speed of 0.75 mm/s provided consistent measurements, which was used for the measurement of the surface adhesion of UF resin adhesives on the surface of early-wood and late-wood of the sapwood or heartwood of Radiata pine. The surface adhesion force of UF resin droplets were measured using the tensiometer on the surface of different woods such as early-wood and late-wood of the sapwood or heartwood of Radiata pine. For a measurement, a liquid resin droplet placed on an RG 2 Du Nouy ring was contacted onto the wood surface. The liquid droplet was pulled off to record a force-distance curve during this procedure. The surface of a wood sample was moved up toward the UF resin droplet at a speed of 0.75 mm/s. Then, the wood sample was retracted until the resin droplet was detached from the surface of wood sample. The maximum surface adhesive force was obtained by the peak of a force-distance plot.

표면처리한 알루미나의 표면물성과 계면전위분포

홍영호,함영민 한국세라믹학회 1996 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.33 No.7

Due to the intrinsic low surface activation of ${\gamma}$-alumina it has been used limitely in practice. Accordingly forward enhancing its utility ${\gamma}$-alumina surface was treated with slfuricf aicd nitric acid and chloric acid respec-tively. Subsequently the effects of surface activity on the surface electrical characteristics were investigated. The ${\gamma}$-alumina was prepared by the precipitation of aluminium nitrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] using ammonia water as a precipitator and it was chemically treated with such acids mentioned above. The surface and morphology of the acid-treated ${\gamma}$-alumina were analysed by XRD, BET and the surface activities were measured by the amine titration methods. The interfacial properties of the ${\gamma}$-alumina dispersed in electrolyte solution were esti-mated by the surface charge density measured using potentiometric tiration. Based on the relation between surface charge density and the acid amount the following results were drawn for the surface and interfacial electrical properties ; Acidic properties of surface-treated alumina increase with anion load on alumina surface. P. Z. C decreases with acid amount on alumina surface. The surface charge densities were apart from electrolyte ionic strength. The acidity of ${\gamma}$-alumina is linearly dependent on the P. Z,.C when the ${\gamma}$-alumina was dispersed in aqueous electrolyte solution.

SURFACE ANALYSES OF TITANIUM SUBSTRATE MODIFIED BY ANODIZATION AND NANOSCALE Ca-P DEPOSITION

Lee, Joung-Min,Kim, Chang-Whe,Lim, Young-Jun,Kim, Myung-Joo The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Statement of problem. Nano-scale calcium-phosphate coating on the anodizing titanium surface using ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has been recently introduced to improve the early osseointegration. However, not much is known about their surface characteristics that have influence on tissue-implant interaction. Purpose. This study was aimed to investigate microtopography, surface roughness, surface composition, and wettability of the titanium surface modified by the anodic oxidation and calcium phosphate coating using IBAD. Material and methods. Commercially pure titanium disks were used as substrates. The experiment was composed of four groups. Group MA surfaces represented machined surface. Group AN was anodized surface. Group CaP/AN was anodic oxidized and calcium phosphate coated surfaces. Group SLA surfaces were sandblasted and acid etched surfaces. The prepared titanium discs were examined as follows. The surface morphology of the discs was examined using SEM. The surface roughness was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Phase components were analyzed using thin-film x-ray diffraction. Wettability analyses were performed by contact angle measurement with distilled water, formamide, bromonaphtalene and surface free energy calculation. Results. (1) The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized and calcium phosphate coated specimens showed multiple micropores and tiny homogeneously distributed crystalline particles. (2) The order of surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, machined group, anodized group, anodized and calcium phosphate deposited group, and sandblasted and acid etched group. (3) Anodized and calcium phosphate deposited group was found to have titanium and titanium anatase oxides and exhibited calcium phosphorous crystalline structures. (4) Surface wettability was increased in the order of calcium phosphate deposited group, machined group, anodized group, sandblasted and acid etched group. Conclusion. After ion beam-assisted deposition on anodized titanium, the microporous structure remained on the surface and many small calcium phosphorous crystals were formed on the porous surface. Nanoscale calcium phosphorous deposition induced roughness on the microporous surface but hydrophobicity was increased.

Multifaceted adsorption of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid on silver colloidal and island surfaces

Jung, Dawoon,Jeon, Kooknam,Yeo, Juhyun,Hussain, Shafqat,Pang, Yoonsoo Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.425 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The surface adsorption of organic nitrile compounds on the silver colloidal and island surfaces has been studied using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) with nitrile and carboxyl groups shows various surface adsorption on the silver surfaces. In acidic conditions, the surface adsorption of CHCA via the nitrile group with a more or less tilted geometry to the surface was found. When the solution pH increases, the carboxylate and nitrile groups of deprotonated CHCA participate in the surface adsorption, whereas the molecular plane of CHCA becomes more parallel to the surface. The ν(CN) band in SERS of CHCA is the indicator of the surface adsorption geometry. The strongly red-shifted and broadened ν(CN) band in SERS represents the surface adsorption via π-electrons of the CN bond (side-on geometry; π-coordination). Nitriles adsorbed on the surface via the nonbonding electron pair of the nitrogen atom (end-on geometry; σ-coordination) often cause the blue-shifts and small band broadening in ν(CN) in SERS. The surface adsorption geometry of organic nitriles based on many previous experimental results was further confirmed by the surface adsorption of CHCA on the silver island surfaces and dinitrile compounds on the silver colloidal surfaces.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Organic nitriles show two distinct adsorption geometries on silver nanosurfaces. </LI> <LI> Surface adsorption via nitrile and carboxylate groups showed strong pH dependence. </LI> <LI> SERS is a powerful tool for the molecular structure of surface-adsorbed species. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

First-Principles Study of the Surface of Wurtzite ZnO and ZnS - Implications for Nanostructure Formation

나성호,박철홍 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.2

The microscopic properties of several ZnO and ZnS surfaces of low Miller index are investigated through first-principles calculation of the surface energy, crystal structure and electronic structure. Generally, the non-polar surfaces such as (1010) and (1120) are found to be more stable than the polar (0001)-Zn surface. The (1120) surface is found to be the most stable for both ZnO and ZnS semiconductors and the (1010) surface is found to have a slightly larger surface energy. These are consistent with the abundant observations of ZnO nanostructures having (1120) and (1010) surfaces. The near-surface structures and electronic structures are discussed. The microscopic properties of several ZnO and ZnS surfaces of low Miller index are investigated through first-principles calculation of the surface energy, crystal structure and electronic structure. Generally, the non-polar surfaces such as (1010) and (1120) are found to be more stable than the polar (0001)-Zn surface. The (1120) surface is found to be the most stable for both ZnO and ZnS semiconductors and the (1010) surface is found to have a slightly larger surface energy. These are consistent with the abundant observations of ZnO nanostructures having (1120) and (1010) surfaces. The near-surface structures and electronic structures are discussed.