탈수가 모래쥐 시상하부에 출현하는 Vasopressin과 Oxytocin 분비신경세포에 미치는영향에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

유기철,윤상선,남성안,조승묵,최창도,최월봉 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.6

노화흰쥐의 시상하부에서 vasopressin-면역반응 신경세포의 형태학적 변화

박영란(Young-Lan Park),정윤영(Yoon-Young Chung),천관영(Kwan-Young Cheon),박근용(Keun-Yong Park),설경수(Kyeong-Soo Seol),김종중(Jong-Joong Kim),문정석(Jeong Seok Moon) 대한체질인류학회 2007 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.20 No.1

노화는 중추신경계의 구조를 변화시킬 뿐 아니라 여러 신경인자들의 분포에 영향을 미쳐 생체리듬에 많은 변화를 초래한다. vasopressin (VP)은 시상하부에서 분비되는 펩타이드의 일종으로서, 주로 혈압을 상승시키고 항이뇨호르몬 작용을 가진다. 본 연구는 여러 생체리듬조절에 관여하는 시상하부에 분포하는 VP-면역반응 신경세포의 형태학적 변화를 노화흰쥐에서 관찰함으로써 노화로 인한 신경세포 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계의 약 12주령인 젊은 흰쥐와 약 18월령의 노화흰쥐에 통상의 조직처리를 한 후 VP 일차항체를 사용하여 면역조직화학염색을 시행한 후 광학현미경으로 비교 관찰하였다. VP의 염색결과, VP-면역반응 신경세포는 주로 시상하부의 뇌실곁핵과 시각로위핵에서 두드러지게 관찰되었으며 노화흰쥐의 VP-면역반응 신경세포에서 핵과 세포체 크기가 젊은흰쥐에 비해 매우 크게 관찰되었으나 노화흰쥐의 VP-면역반응 신경세포의 수는 감소하였다. 그리고 시각교차위핵에서 노화흰쥐에서 VP-면역반응 신경세포의 수는 젊은흰쥐보다 약 2배정도 많이 나타났다. 따라서 노화가 진행됨에 따라 시상하부에서 VP 분비의 변화를 초래하여 다양한 기본생활주기가 달라지고 하루주기행동의 주간리듬(diurnal rhythm)의 변화에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. The role of neuropeptides in the central nervous system (CNS) has received increasing attention. Numerous peptide molecules are found in the mammalian CNS and many of them are thought to act as either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. The neuropeptides found in high concentration in the hypothalamus include vasopressin (VP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, and oxytocin. The main approches to assess the involvement of neuropeptides can be focused on functions affecting the aging of the brain. Morphological aging of the CNS has been characterized by degenerative changes of fiber connections and cell loss, although degeneration does not always occur to the same extent throughout various parts of the brain and, moreover, varies for different cell types. Despite of many studies in VP containing neurons , there exist discrepancies in results about the changes of aged rat brain. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to investigative possible changes in the number and morphology of VPimmunoreactive neurons with aging in each area of the hypothalmus of the aged rats. As a result, the number of VP-immunoreactive neurons was decreased in hypothalamus nucleus of aged group. Especially, in VP-immunoreactive neurons of hypothalamus, the size of neuronal cell body and nuclei in aged group is larger than in young group and the fiber density of immunoreactivity neurons of median eminance (ME) in aged group is stronger than in young group. But, the total number of VP-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the aged group is larger than in the young group. These studies indicate the involvement of VP-immunoreactive neurons in aging process of hypothalamus, and aging process may affect the synthesis of VP in the neurons of hypothalamic nuclei. Whereas, in VP expression, aging process induces an enlargement of the cell size of surviving neurons to compensate.

석고를 이용한 한국재래산양 시삭상핵과 방실핵의 입체적 재구성

이봉희,이흥식,이인세,이성준,Lee, Bong-hee,Lee, Heungshik S,Lee, In-se,Yi, Seong-joon 대한수의학회 1991 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

This study was carried out to reconstruct three-dimensional plaster model of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of 3 Korean native goats. The representative coronal sections of the hypothalami were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to vasopressin and oxytocin simultaneously. Plaster models were reconstructed by schematic drawings which were made by tracing onto the tracing paper with the aid of a drawing attachment. The results were as follows: The configurations of the models of 3 supraoptic nuclei were slender spherical shape at their cranial parts, and the highest and widest size at middle parts, and became lower and narrow at caudal parts in two models, hence one was directed dorsolaterally. The medial surfaces of the para ventricular nuclei were vertically flat, and lateral surfaces were more complex than medial with processes directed dorsolaterally at their cranial portion. They change positions dorsally at caudal portion, and there were no significant variations in shape between them.

glutamate 수용체 효현제 투여에 의한 cathepsin D 함유 신경원의 발현

김호정,용혜임,김현 관동대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2005 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

Glutamate, one of the excitatory amino acids (EAAs), in a large amount causes neuronal injury. Recently EAAs are believed to play an important role in various kinds of neurologic diseases. Cathepsin D(CD) expression has been reported to be an useful landmark for the excitotoxic insult. Many evidences showed that neurons in hippocampus expressed CD as a result of excitotoxicity. But we have no idea whether any neurons in other regions of the brain express CD by excitotoxic injury. The research was designed to search for any neurons which would express CD when treated with excitotoxins. Kainic acid, an agonist for the glutamate ionotropic receptor, was injected intracerebroventricularly with a Hamilton syringe using a stereotaxic surgical instrument. After 4, 24 and 48 hours of injection the tissues of hippocampal region were processed. Routine histological stain and immunohistochemical stain against CD were carried out. CD-positive cells were examined and their immunoreactive properties and exact location in the brain were identified. The results were as follows; 1. The hippocampal neurons showed immunoreactivity against CD as early as 4 hours of treatment. Their immunoreactivity continued from 4 hours to 48 hours. 2. The neurons of some hypothalamic nucleus showed immunoreactivity against CD in different ways. Neurons of the periventricular nucleus expressed CD only at 4 hours, while those of the dorsomedial nucleus expressed at 24 hours, and those of the supraoptic nucleus expressed from 4 hours through 24 hours. 3. The neurons of the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra expressed CD only at 4 hours. For the expression patterns of CD were variable according to the regions, the cell types, and the time segments measured, it would be helpful to make the time segment of the examination smaller to recognize the exact expression pattern of CD.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) expressional changes in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Sun Shin Yi,Hyun-Jin Kim,Seon-Gil Do,Yoon-Bok Lee,Hee Jin Ahn,In Koo Hwang,Yeo Sung Yoon 대한해부학회 2012 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.45 No.2

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide with vasoconstrictive, antidiuretic, cardiovascular regulative and hepatic glycogenolysis effects, that also affects other behaviors including modulating learning. A number of studies on AVP regulation have been conducted in various metabolic diseases (disorders). In this study, the immunoreactivities of AVP in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) and mRNA expressions in the hypothalamus were investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats at different ages (i.e., at postnatal months [PM] 1, 8, and 12). Blood glucose levels in the PM 8 group were higher than in the other groups. However, cresyl violet positive neurons were detected in the PVN and SON of all animals, and numbers of cresyl violet positive neurons were similar in all aged groups. In addition, AVP immunoreactivity was detected in the PVN and SON of all age groups, and AVP immunoreactivity and mRNA expression levels were found to be increased in proportion to age by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. These results suggest that the diabetic condition is temporally generated after hypertension has developed. Furthermore, our findings suggest that increased AVP expressions in the hypothalamic PVN and SON are associated with hypertension by age.

Vasopressin and oxytocin expression in hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and plasma electrolytes changes in water-deprived male Meriones libycus

Boumansour Lydia,Benhafri Nadir,Guillon Gilles,Corbani Maithe,Touati Hanane,Dekar-Madoui Aicha,Ouali-Hassenaoui Saliha 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.5

In mammals, plasmatic osmolality needs to be stable, and it is highly related to the hydric state of the animals which depends on the activity of the hypothalamic neurohypophysial system and more particularly by vasopressin secretion. Meriones, a desert rodent, can survive even without drinking for more than one month. The mechanism(s) by which they survive under these conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine the water’s deprivation consequences on the: (1) anatomy, morphology, and physiology of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, (2) body mass and plasma electrolytes changes in male desert rodents ‘Meriones libycus’ subjected to water deprivation for 30 days. The effect of water deprivation was evaluated on the structural and cellular organization of the supraoptic nucleus by morphological observations and immunohistochemical approaches, allowing the labeling of AVP but also oxytocin. Our finding demonstrated that upon water deprivation (1) the body weight decreased and reached a plateau after a month of water restriction. (2) The plasmatic osmolality began to decrease and return to values similar to control animals at day 30. (3) The SON, both in hydrated and water-deprived animals, is highly developed.(4) The AVP labeling in the SON increased upon dehydration at variance with OT. These changes observed in body mass and plasma osmolality reveal an important adaptive process of male Meriones in response to prolonged water deprivation. Overall, this animal represents an interesting model for the study of water body homeostasis and the mechanisms underlying the survival of desert rodents to xeric environments.

GABAergic Excitation of Vasopressin Neurons : Possible Mechanism Underlying Sodium-Dependent Hypertension

Kim, Young-Beom,Kim, Yoon Sik,Kim, Woong Bin,Shen, Feng-Yan,Lee, Seung Won,Chung, Hyun Joo,Kim, Jeong Sook,Han, Hee Chul,Colwell, Christopher S.,Kim, Yang In American Heart Association, Inc. 2013 Circulation research Vol.113 No.12

<P><B><U>Rationale:</U></B></P><P>Increased arginine-vasopressin (AVP) secretion is a key physiological response to hyperosmotic stress and may be part of the mechanism by which high-salt diets induce or exacerbate hypertension.</P><P><B><U>Objective:</U></B></P><P>Using deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension model rats, we sought to test the hypothesis that changes in GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor–mediated inhibition in AVP-secreting magnocellular neurons contribute to the generation of Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension.</P><P><B><U>Methods and Results:</U></B></P><P>In vitro gramicidin-perforated recordings in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei revealed that the GABAergic inhibition in AVP-secreting neurons was converted into excitation in this model, because of the depolarization of GABA equilibrium potential. Meanwhile, in vivo extracellular recordings in the supraoptic nuclei showed that the GABAergic baroreflexive inhibition of magnocellular neurons was transformed to excitation, so that baroreceptor activation may increase AVP release. The depolarizing GABA equilibrium potential shift in AVP-secreting neurons occurred progressively over weeks of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment along with gradual increases in plasma AVP and blood pressure. Furthermore, the shift was associated with changes in chloride transporter expression and partially reversed by bumetanide (Na<SUP>+</SUP>-K<SUP>+</SUP>-2Cl<SUP>–</SUP> cotransporter inhibitor). Intracerebroventricular bumetanide administration during deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment hindered the development of hypertension and rise in plasma AVP level. Muscimol (GABA<SUB>A</SUB> agonist) microinjection into the supraoptic nuclei in hypertensive rats increased blood pressure, which was prevented by previous intravenous V1a AVP antagonist injection.</P><P><B><U>Conclusions:</U></B></P><P>We conclude that the inhibitory-to-excitatory switch of GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor–mediated transmission in AVP neurons contributes to the generation of Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension by increasing AVP release. We speculate that normalizing the GABA equilibrium potential may have some utility in treating Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension.</P>

고양이 시상하부의 뇌실옅핵과 시각교차위핵의 Vasopressin과 Oxytocin 신경원에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

정경아,박래백 한국통합생물학회 1994 동물학회지 Vol.37 No.1

고양이의 시상하부내 SON과 PVN에서 VP분비신경원과 OT분비신경원의 형태와 분포를 관찰하기 위해서 면역조직화학적 반응을 시행하였다. 광학 및 전자 현미경적 관찰에 의하면 VP분비신경원과 OT분비신경원의 형태 차이는 없었다. 이들의 형태는 방추형, 타원형 그리고 원형이었으며 크기는 25-40mm으로 나타났다. SON은 시삭위에 능형의 형태로 나타나고 OT분비신경원과 VP분비신경원의 비율은 1:2.4이며 PVN은 제3뇌실을 따라 삼각형 모양으로 나타나고 VP분비신경원과 OT분비신경원의 비율은 1:1.6으로 나타났다 전자현미경적 관찰에 의하면 VP분비신경원과 OT분비신경원에서 과립형질내세망, 사립체, 골지장치, 그리고 미세소관 등이 특히 잘 발달되어 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

Enhanced tonic NMDA current vasopressin neurons in DOCA-salt hypertension model

Hyun Jin Shin,Neupane Chiranjivi,Sharma Ramesh,Su Eun Park,Jin Bong Park 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7