Response of Millet and Sorghum to Water Stress in Converted Poorly Drained Paddy Soil

Jung, Ki-Yuol,Yun, Eul-Soo,Park, Chang-Young,Hwang, Jae-Bok,Choi, Young-Dae,Oh, In-Seok 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Millet and sorghum are major dryland cereal crops, however their growth and productivity is limited by soil water stress with varying intensity. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of millet and sorghum yield under drainage classes of poorly drained soil and to test the effect of the installed pipe drainage in poorly drained paddy soil to minimize crop stress. The research was carried out in poorly drained paddy fields located at alluvial slopping area resulting in non-uniform water content distribution by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field. Stress Day Index (SDI) was determined from a stress day factor (SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). SD is a degree of measurement by calculating the daily sum of excess water in the profile above 30cm soil depth ($SEW_{30}$). CS depends on a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that sum of excess water day ($SWD_{30}$) used to represent the moisture stress index was lower on somewhat poorly drained soil compared with poorly drained soil on 117 days. CS values for sorghum were 57% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 44% on $5^{th}$ leaf stage, 37% on panicle initiation, 23% on boot stage, and 16% on soft dough stage. For proso millet CS values were 84% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 70% on $5^{th}$ leaf Stage, 65% on panicle initiation, 53% on boot stage, and 28% on soft dough stage. And for foxtail millet the values were 73% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 61% on $5^{th}$ leaf stage, 50% on panicle initiation, 29% on boot stage, and 15% on soft dough stage. SDI of sorghum and millet was more susceptible to excess soil water during panicle initation stage more poorly drained soil than somewhat poorly drained soil. Grain yield was reduced especially in proso millet and Foxtail millet compared to Sorghum.

Response of Millet and Sorghum to Water Stress in Converted Poorly Drained Paddy Soil

정기열,윤을수,박창영,황재복,최영대,오인석 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Millet and sorghum are major dryland cereal crops, however their growth and productivity is limited by soilwater stress with varying intensity. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of millet andsorghum yield under drainage classes of poorly drained soil and to test the effect of the installed pipe drainagein poorly drained paddy soil to minimize crop stress. The research was carried out in poorly drained paddyfields located at alluvial slopping area resulting in non-uniform water content distribution by the inflow ofground water from the upper part of the field. Stress Day Index (SDI) was determined from a stress day factor(SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). SD is a degree of measurement by calculating the daily sum ofexcess water in the profile above 30cm soil depth (SEW30). CS depends on a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that sum of excess water day (SWD30) used to represent the moisture stress index waslower on somewhat poorly drained soil compared with poorly drained soil on 117 days. CS values for sorghumwere 57% on 3rd leaf stage, 44% on 5th leaf stage, 37% on panicle initiation, 23% on boot stage, and 16% onsoft dough stage. For proso millet CS values were 84% on 3rd leaf stage, 70% on 5th leaf Stage, 65% on panicleinitiation, 53% on boot stage, and 28% on soft dough stage. And for foxtail millet the values were 73% on 3rdleaf stage, 61% on 5th leaf stage, 50% on panicle initiation, 29% on boot stage, and 15% on soft dough stage. SDI of sorghum and millet was more susceptible to excess soil water during panicle initation stage morepoorly drained soil than somewhat poorly drained soil. Grain yield was reduced especially in proso millet andFoxtail millet compared to Sorghum.

Response of Millet and Sorghum to Water Stress in Converted Poorly Drained Paddy Soil

Ki-Yuol Jung,Eul-Soo Yun,Chang-Young Park,Jae-Bok Hwang,Young-Dae Choi,In-Seok Oh 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Millet and sorghum are major dryland cereal crops, however their growth and productivity is limited by soil water stress with varying intensity. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of millet and sorghum yield under drainage classes of poorly drained soil and to test the effect of the installed pipe drainage in poorly drained paddy soil to minimize crop stress. The research was carried out in poorly drained paddy fields located at alluvial slopping area resulting in non-uniform water content distribution by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field. Stress Day Index (SDI) was determined from a stress day factor (SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). SD is a degree of measurement by calculating the daily sum of excess water in the profile above 30cm soil depth (SEW30). CS depends on a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that sum of excess water day (SWD30) used to represent the moisture stress index was lower on somewhat poorly drained soil compared with poorly drained soil on 117 days. CS values for sorghum were 57% on 3rd leaf stage, 44% on 5<SUP>th</SUP> leaf stage, 37% on panicle initiation, 23% on boot stage, and 16% on soft dough stage. For proso millet CS values were 84% on 3<SUP>rd</SUP> leaf stage, 70% on 5<SUP>th</SUP> leaf Stage, 65% on panicle initiation, 53% on boot stage, and 28% on soft dough stage. And for foxtail millet the values were 73% on 3<SUP>rd</SUP> leaf stage, 61% on 5<SUP>th</SUP> leaf stage, 50% on panicle initiation, 29% on boot stage, and 15% on soft dough stage. SDI of sorghum and millet was more susceptible to excess soil water during panicle initation stage more poorly drained soil than somewhat poorly drained soil. Grain yield was reduced especially in proso millet and Foxtail millet compared to Sorghum.

배수불량 경사지 논에서 배수개선에 따른 콩의 수분스트레스 반응해석

정기열,윤을수,박창영,황재복,최영대,박기도 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

There are considerable areas of wet paddy fields in Korea that requires improvement of its drainage system. In poorly drained sloping paddy fields, upland crops can be damaged by either rainfall or capillary rise of the water table caused by percolating water beneath the upper fields during summertime rainy season. The purpose of this study is to evaluate excess water stress of soybean yield by drainage systems. Four drainage methods namely open ditch, vinyl barrier, pipe drainage and tube bundle were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. Stress Day Index (SDI) approach was developed to quantify the the cumulative effect of stress imposed on a soybean yield throughout the growing season. SDI was determined from a stress day factor (SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). The stress day factor is a measure degree and duration of stress of the (SEW_30). The crop susceptibility factor (CS) depends of a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that SDI used to represent the moisture stress index was most low on the pipe drainage 64.75 compared with the open ditch 355.4, vinyl barrier 271.55 and tube bundle 171.55. Soybean grain yield increased continuously with the rate of 3% in Vinyl Barrier, 32% in Pipe Drainage and 16% in Tube Bundle.

Developing drought stress index for monitoring Pinus densiflora diebacks in Korea

Cho, Nanghyun,Kim, Eunsook,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Seo, Bumsuk,Kang, Sinkyu The Ecological Society of Korea 2020 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.44 No.3

Background: The phenomenon of tree dieback in forest ecosystems around the world, which is known to be associated with high temperatures that occur simultaneously with drought, has received much attention. Korea is experiencing a rapid rise in temperature relative to other regions. Particularly in the growth of evergreen conifers, temperature increases in winter and spring can have great influence. In recent years, there have been reports of group dieback of Pinus densiflora trees in Korea, and many studies are being conducted to identify the causes. However, research on techniques to diagnose and monitor drought stress in forest ecosystems on local and regional scales has been lacking. Results: In this study, we developed and evaluated an index to identify drought and high-temperature vulnerability in Pinus densiflora forests. We found the Drought Stress Index (DSI) that we developed to be effective in generally assessing the drought-reactive physiology of trees. During 2001-2016, in Korea, we refined the index and produced DSI data from a 1 × 1-km unit grid spanning the entire country. We found that the DSI data correlated with the event data of Pinus densiflora mass dieback compiled in this study. The average DSI value at times of occurrence of Pinus densiflora group dieback was 0.6, which was notably higher than during times of nonoccurrence. Conclusions: Our combination of the Standard Precipitation Index and growing degree days evolved and short- and long-term effects into a new index by which we found meaningful results using dieback event data. Topographical and biological factors and climate data should be considered to improve the DSI. This study serves as the first step in developing an even more robust index to monitor the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in Korea.

Interspecific Differences of the Capacities on Excessive Soil Moisture Stress for Upland Crops in Converted Paddy Field

Ki-Yuol Jung,Young-Dae Choi,Hyen-Chung Chun,Sanghun Lee,Hang-Won Kang 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

The interspecific estimation for tolerance capacities of upland crop species to excessive soil water stress in paddy field is significant in agricultural practices. Most of upland crops can be damaged by either excessive soil water or capillary rise of the water table during rainy season in paddy fields. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of upland crops under different drainage classes in converted paddy field. This experiment was carried out in poorly drained soil (PDS) and imperfectly drained soil (IDS) of alluvial sloping area located at Toero-ri, Bubuk-myeon, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The soil was Gagog series, which was a member of the fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Endoaquepts (Low Humic-Gley soils). Two drainage methods, namely under Open ditch drainage methods (ODM) and, Closed pipe drainage methods (PDM) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The results showed that sum of excess water days (SWD30), which was used to represent the moisture stress index, was 42 days (the lowest) in the PDM compared with 110 days in the ODM. Most of upland crops were more susceptible to excessive soil water during panicle initial stage on more PDS than on IDS. Yield of upland crops in the PDM was continuously increased by the rate of 15.1% on sorghum, 15.4% foxtail millet, 53.6% proso millet, 49.6% soybean and 47.9% adzuki bean as compared in the ODM. The capacity for tolerance by excessive soil water based on yield of each upland crop in the poorly drained sloping paddy fields was the order of sorghum, soybean, foxtail millet, proso millet and adzuki bean. Therefore, Sorghum is relatively tolerant to excessive soil water conditions and, may be grown successfully in converted paddy field.

Interspecific Differences of the Capacities on Excessive Soil Moisture Stress for Upland Crops in Converted Paddy Field

정기열,최영대,전현정,이상훈,강항원 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

The interspecific estimation for tolerance capacities of upland crop species to excessive soil water stress in paddy field is significant in agricultural practices. Most of upland crops can be damaged by either excessive soil water or capillary rise of the water table during rainy season in paddy fields. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of upland crops under different drainage classes in converted paddy field. This experiment was carried out in poorly drained soil (PDS) and imperfectly drained soil (IDS) of alluvial sloping area located at Toero-ri, Bubuk-myeon, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The soil was Gagog series, which was a member of the fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Endoaquepts (Low Humic-Gley soils). Two drainage methods, namely under Open ditch drainage methods (ODM) and, Closed pipe drainage methods (PDM) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The results showed that sum of excess water days (SWD30), which was used to represent the moisture stress index, was 42 days (the lowest) in the PDM compared with 110 days in the ODM. Most of upland crops were more susceptible to excessive soil water during panicle initial stage on more PDS than on IDS. Yield of upland crops in the PDM was continuously increased by the rate of 15.1% on sorghum, 15.4% foxtail millet, 53.6% proso millet, 49.6% soybean and 47.9% adzuki bean as compared in the ODM. The capacity for tolerance by excessive soil water based on yield of each upland crop in the poorly drained sloping paddy fields was the order of sorghum, soybean, foxtail millet, proso millet and adzuki bean. Therefore, Sorghum is relatively tolerant to excessive soil water conditions and, may be grown successfully in converted paddy field.

Interspecific Differences of the Capacities on Excessive Soil Moisture Stress for Upland Crops in Converted Paddy Field

Jung, Ki-Yuol,Choi, Young-Dae,Chun, Hyen-Chung,Lee, Sanghun,Kang, Hang-Won 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

The interspecific estimation for tolerance capacities of upland crop species to excessive soil water stress in paddy field is significant in agricultural practices. Most of upland crops can be damaged by either excessive soil water or capillary rise of the water table during rainy season in paddy fields. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of upland crops under different drainage classes in converted paddy field. This experiment was carried out in poorly drained soil (PDS) and imperfectly drained soil (IDS) of alluvial sloping area located at Toero-ri, Bubuk-myeon, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The soil was Gagog series, which was a member of the fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Endoaquepts (Low Humic-Gley soils). Two drainage methods, namely under Open ditch drainage methods (ODM) and, Closed pipe drainage methods (PDM) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The results showed that sum of excess water days ($SWD_{30}$), which was used to represent the moisture stress index, was 42 days (the lowest) in the PDM compared with 110 days in the ODM. Most of upland crops were more susceptible to excessive soil water during panicle initial stage on more PDS than on IDS. Yield of upland crops in the PDM was continuously increased by the rate of 15.1% on sorghum, 15.4% foxtail millet, 53.6% proso millet, 49.6% soybean and 47.9% adzuki bean as compared in the ODM. The capacity for tolerance by excessive soil water based on yield of each upland crop in the poorly drained sloping paddy fields was the order of sorghum, soybean, foxtail millet, proso millet and adzuki bean. Therefore, Sorghum is relatively tolerant to excessive soil water conditions and, may be grown successfully in converted paddy field.

Stress Day Index to Predict Soybean Yield Response by Subsurface Drainage in Poorly Drained Sloping Paddy Fields

Ki-Yuol Jung(정기열),Eul-soo Yun(윤을수),Ki-do Park(박기도),Chang-young Park(박창영),Young-Dae Choi(최영대),Jae-bok Hwang(황재복),Yong Hwan Lee(이용환),Min-Hee Nam(남민희) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2010 No.5

Excessive soil water stress responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) cultivated from paddy fields with different topographic features

류종수,백인열,곽강수,한원영,배진우,박진기,전현정 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.4

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, the Korean government has pursued cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. For this policy to succeed, it is critical to understand the topographic information of paddy fields and its effects on upland crops cultivated in the soils of paddy fields. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth properties of sesame and perilla from paddy fields with three soil topographic features and soil water effects which were induced by the topographic features of the sesame and perilla. The crops were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different topographies: mountain foot slope, local valley and alluvial plain. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during the growing season. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope was significantly effective in alleviating wet injury for the sesame and perilla in the paddy fields. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope had a decreased average soil water content and groundwater level during cultivation. Stress day index (SDI) from the alluvial plain paddy field had the greatest values from both crops and the smallest from the ones from the paddy field of the mountain foot slope. This result means that sesame and perilla had the smallest stress from the soil water content of the paddy field on the mountain foot slope and the greatest stress from the soil water content of the alluvial plain. It is important to consider the topography of paddy fields to reduce wet injury and to increase crop yields.