Spreading rate, opening time, and kinematic history of the Ayu Trough

최학겸,김승섭,박숭현,이상묵 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.5

The Ayu Trough, located in the equatorial western Pacific, is the only divergent boundary surrounding the Philippine Sea Plate. A mid-ocean ridge spreading in the N-S direction near low-latitude regions presents low geomagnetic anomalies, thereby complicating the constraining of the trough’s spreading rate based on the geomagnetic signal from the magnetized seafloor. According to previous studies, the Ayu Trough has been open since ~25 Ma, with a half-spreading rate of 4.1–8.1 mm/yr. This implies that the trough belongs to the ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridge category with a full-spreading rate below 20 mm/yr. However, the geochemical signatures of the rock samples from the Ayu Trough do not exhibit the unique characteristics of ultraslow-spreading ridges, including the enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) with high rare earth element (REE) concentrations and abundant light rare earth elements (LREE). Rather, the sampled rocks from the entire trough-axis exhibit the typical features of the normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB) with low REE concentrations. The contradictory inferences made from geochemical results suggest that theAyu Trough did not undergo an ultraslow-spreading but rather a considerably rapid spreading over a short period compared to the estimates made by previous studies. The modified interpretation for the spreading rate of the Ayu Trough can be associated with the global plate reconstruction model, considering the major plate reorganization in East Asia. Around 15 Ma, a series of significant tectonic events occurred in East Asia and the western Pacific. The global models for East Asia imply that the spreading of the Ayu Trough could have been initiated afterwards. Based on our geochemical analysis of the MORB on the Ayu Trough and the global plate model, we argue that the spreading of the Ayu Trough was initiated after ~15 Ma during the major plate reorganization in East Asia, and not in ~25 Ma as reported by previous studies. Therefore, the spreading occurred only for a period of about 10 Myr at a relatively rapid full-spreading rate of > 20 mm/yr. The massive sediments with a thickness of approximately 50–70 m on the spreading-axis of the Ayu Trough reinforce the estimated cessation time of the trough. In addition, the V-shaped seafloor of the Ayu Trough and the unclear transform fault may be interpreted as topography formed by a propagation of rift or mantle melting. Therefore, the trough does not have to be simultaneously opened throughout the axis, and its spreading rate could be higher than previously estimated.

안쪽 분절과 바깥 분절의 변형 및 추가가 네온 색 확산에 미치는 효과

정우현,이일우 한국인지및생물심리학회 2010 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.22 No.1

Five experiments were performed to compare the effects of inner and outer segments on the neon color spreading using the modified Redies-Spillmann figure. Experiment 1 examined the effect of collinearity of inner and outer segments on neon color spreading and experiment 2 compared the effect of continuity. Experiment 3-1 and 3-2, investigated the effects of same space and length of colored segments and outer segments on neon color spreading. Experiment 4 tested how the degree of neon color spreading changed when inner and outer segments were added. The result showed that the impact of outer segments was stronger than inner segments on neon color spreading in collineartity and continuity. However, the effects of identical spaces and lengths were less important than collinearity and continuity on color spreading. In contrast with addition of inner segments, when outer segments were added color spreading were reduced significantly. These results suggest that the centrifugal color spreading is stronger than centripetal spreading and that the subjective contours and the color spreading are caused by separate mechanisms. 변형된 Redies-Spillmann 도형을 자극으로 사용하여 색 분절의 바깥쪽에 있는 분절과 안쪽에 있는 분절이 네온 색 확산에 미치는 효과를 비교해 보았다. 실험 1에서는 안쪽 분절과 바깥쪽 분절의 공선성이 네온 색 확산에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았고 실험 2에서는 연결성의 효과를 비교해 보았다. 실험 3-1과 3-2에서는 바깥쪽 분절과 색 분절의 간격의 동일성과 길이의 동일성이 네온 색 확산에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험 4에서는 안쪽 분절과 바깥쪽 분절이 추가되었을 때 네온 색 확산의 정도가 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 실험 결과 안쪽 분절의 공선성과 연결성의 영향보다는 바깥쪽 분절의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 간격의 동일성과 길이의 동일성은 공선성이나 연결성에 비해 네온 색 확산에 미치는 효과가 미미했다. 안쪽 분절이 추가되었을 때는 네온 색 확산이 거의 영향을 받지 않았으나 바깥쪽 분절이 추가될 경우 네온 색 확산이 감소되는 경향이 나타났다. 이런 결과는 색 확산이 안쪽 윤곽과 바깥쪽 윤곽의 내부로 일어날 때 그 진행 방향이 동일하지 않으며 주관적 윤곽과 네온 색 확산은 별개의 기제에 의해서 만들어짐을 시사한다.

Exploring the Influence of Vehicle Mobility on Information Spreading in VANETs

( Zhigang Li ),( Xin Wang ),( Xinan Yue ),( Yingli Ji ),( Hua Wang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.2

With the advent of 5G communications, internet of vehicles technology has been widely used in vehicles. Then the dynamic spread of information between vehicles began to come into focus with more research. It is well known that the identification of nodes with great spread influence has always been a hot topic in the field of information spreading. Most of the existing work measures the propagation influence by degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality. In this paper, we will identify influential vehicle nodes based on the mobility characteristics of vehicles to explore the information spreading between vehicles in VANETs. Different from the above methods, we mainly explore the influence of the radius of gyration and vehicle kilometers of travel on information spreading. We use a real vehicle trajectory data to simulate the information transmission process between vehicles based on the susceptible-infected-recovered SIR model. The experimental results show that the influence of information spreading does not enhance with increasing radius of gyration and vehicle kilometers of travel. The fact is that both the radius of gyration and the distance travelled have a significant influence on information spreading when they are close to the median. When the value of both is large or small, it has little influence on information spreading. In view of this results, we can use the radius of gyration and vehicle kilometers of travel to better facilitate the transmission of information between vehicles.

Numerical simulations of capillary spreading of a particle-laden droplet on a solid surface

Jeong, Hyun Jun,Hwang, Wook Ryol,Kim, Chongyoup,Kim, See Jo Elsevier 2010 Journal of materials processing technology Vol.210 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We present a direct numerical simulation technique and some results for the capillary spreading of a particulate droplet on a solid surface which is of great importance in the industrial inkjet printing technology as an alternative to the conventional lithography process for precise particle delivery. Since the spreading of particulate droplets is quite complicated in nature, the present work focuses on 2D capillary spreading behavior with full consideration of hydrodynamic interactions as a preliminary study for the particle effect on spreading. To understand the micro-structural phenomena underlying the process, we present a finite-element based computational scheme by combining the level-set method for an accurate interface description with the interfacial tension and the equilibrium contact angle, and the fictitious-domain method for suspended particles with implicit treatment of the hydrodynamic interactions. We investigated droplet spreading by capillary force in a Newtonian fluid and discussed effects of the presence of particles on the spreading behavior along with the particle movement. The amount of spread of a particulate droplet appears smaller than that of a homogeneous fluid droplet during the spread process and this reduced rate of spreading has been interpreted the results in conjunction with the distribution of the shear rate, the angular velocity of particles, and the kinetic energy.</P>

布氣治療에 관한 考察

최문석(Moon Seok Choi),김연섭(Youn Sub Kim) 대한의료기공학회 2001 醫療氣功 Vol.5 No.1

氣治療가운데 外氣를 發放하여 질병을 치료하는 ‘布氣’가 여러 문헌에 나타나 있으며, 그에 따른 여러 관련 실험 연구가 있으나, ‘布氣’를 시술하는 이가 몸을 닦는 법, ‘布氣’시술방법 및 ‘布氣’시술영역 등에 대한 보고가 없어 이에 대해 살펴본 바, 다음과 같은 내용을 알 수 있었다. 1. ‘布氣’를 시술하려는 이는 몸을 미리 잘 닦아야 하는데, 먼저 앉아서, 서서, 누워서하는 靜功練氣로써 築基와 大小周天을 닦아야 하고, 氣를 이끌어 내기 위한 動功練氣를 익히는 여러 방법이 있다. 2. ‘布氣’시술방법은 意念으로 下丹田에 氣를 모은 다음, 들숨이나 날숨을 써서 任督脈을 따라 손끝이나 손바닥으로 이끌어 내 환자와 일정한 거리를 두거나 직접 환부에 맞대고 ‘布氣’한다. 또한, 여러 가지 기구를 이용해 ‘布氣’한다. 3. ‘布氣’시술영역은 일부 감염성 질환과 급성 열성 질환 및 원인불명 출혈성 질환을 뺀 거의 모든 질환에 응용할 수 있다. 4. 서양에서 ‘Healing', ‘Hands of light'로 불리는 시술은 마음을 모아 손으로 energy를 보냄이 ‘布氣’와 비슷함을 알 수 있다. 氣治療가운데 ‘布氣’는 옛날부터 질병치료를 위해 쓰여 왔음을 알 수 있고, 치료효능이 있다는 글들을 살펴 볼 수 있으며, ‘布氣’시술을 하려면 시술하는 이가 몸을 잘 닦아야 하며 주로 마음으로 손에 氣를 보내고, 몸밖으로 氣를 내보내 여러 질환을 치료할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. The Spreading-Qi recorded curative effect with a long history. I studied the Qi-therapy through train of the Qi-sender, methods of the Spreading-Qi and clinical application of the Spreading-Qi. 1. Train of the Qi-sender, Sitting, standing and ling postures can all be applied as training postures for training Qi. Qi grows in Lower Dan(elixir field) and circulates in heavenly circuits by static Qi. Training Qi by dynamic Qi is a fundamental exercise for the maneuvers to conduct Qi. 2. Methods of the Spreading-Qi, Breathe naturally, concentrate the mind on Lower Dan(elixir field), When exhaling, Mindwill accompanies Qi to go to the Conception Vessel(CV) and Governor Vessel(GV), conduct Qi to the palms or fingers and emit Qi, with the emitting site touching or leaving the treated region. 3. Clinical application of the Spreading-Qi, its wide range of indications. 4. The Spreading-Qi is similar to Western ‘Healing' and ‘Hands of light', Mind will accompanies energy to go to hand and emit energy to the treated region.

공기에 의한 탄소섬유 스프레딩 공정 변수에 따른 프로세스 성능 및 기계적 물성 평가

노정우 ( Jeong-u Roh ),백운경 ( Un-gyeong Baek ),노재승 ( Jae-seung Roh ),남기법 ( Gibeop Nam ) 한국복합재료학회 2020 Composites research Vol.33 No.6

The carbon fiber has been damaged via tow spreading process for carbon fiber spread tow. The fiber damage is caused by friction between equipment and fibers or between fibers and fibers in the process of spreading. As a result, mechanical properties are decreased due to differences in process via material and equipment condition. Therefore, minimizing fiber damage have to be considered in the process. In this study, the change in carbon fiber pneumatic spreading process was observed by according to the filament count, sizing content of carbon fiber and process variables in spreading equipment (fiber tension at the beginning, air temperature in spreading zone, vacuum pressure in spreading zone). Tensile strength was evaluated using samples prepared under optimal conditions for each of the carbon fiber varieties, and mechanical properties were reduced due to damage on the carbon fiber.

인터넷 환경에 따른 인터넷 웜 확산 방식 연구

신원,Shin, Weon 한국정보통신학회 2008 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.12 No.1

최근 빠른 속도로 확산되는 Code Red Worm, Slammer Worm과 같은 인터넷웜은 인터넷에 서 주요한 위협이 되고 있다. 이러한 인터넷 웜을 막기 위해서는 웜의 확산 방식과 웜 확산에 영향을 끼치는 인터넷 환경을 이해하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문은 인터넷 환경에 따른 웜 확산의 정확한 모델링을 그 목표로 한다. 이를 위하여 다양한 실험을 통하여 주소 체계와 인터넷 속도에 따른 웜 확산의 양상을 분석한다. Fast spreading Internet worms, such as Code Red and Slammer, have become one of the new major throne of the Internet recently. In order to defend against theses worms, it is essential to understand how Internet worms propagate and how different Internet factors affect worm spreading. In this paper, we intend to describe the spread of worms on Internet environments accurately. Therefore we model and analyze the spreading effects by various simulations considering Internet addressing and speed. The results lead to a better prediction of the worm spreading on current and future Internet environments.

Selective regulation of osteoclast adhesion and spreading by PLCγ/PKCα-PKCδ/RhoA-Rac1 signaling

( Jin-man Kim ),( Kyunghee Lee ),( Daewon Jeong ) 생화학분자생물학회 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.5

Bone resorption by multinucleated osteoclasts is a multistep process involving adhesion to the bone matrix, migration to resorption sites, and formation of sealing zones and ruffled borders. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to be involved in the bone resorption process by respective activation of integrin αvβ3 via “inside-out” and “outside-in” signaling. In this study, we investigated the link between signal modulators known to M-CSF- and OPN-induced osteoclast adhesion and spreading. M-CSF- and OPN-induced osteoclast adhesion was achieved via activation of stepwise signals, including integrin αvβ, PLCγ, PKCα, and Rac1. Osteoclast spreading induced by M-CSF and OPN was shown to be controlled via sequential activation, consistent with the osteoclast adhesion processes. In contrast to osteoclast adhesion, osteoclast spreading induced by M-CSF and OPN was blocked via activation of PLCγ/PKCα/RhoA signaling. The combined results indicate that osteoclast adhesion and spreading are selectively regulated via PLCγ/PKCα-PKCδ/RhoA-Rac1 signaling. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(5): 230-235]

Long-distance Assimilation in Optimality Theory

Chang-beom Park 한국중앙영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.53 No.4

The purpose of this study is two-fold: (i) to review various approaches to ‘long-distance assimilation’ (namely, harmony) within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993), and (ii) to examine which approach is the most successful to the process. In autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976), the process is mainly accounted for by feature spreading, formalized by association lines between features and segments. However, the Optimality Theoretic approach requires a different perspective: it needs to involve, not rules forcing the harmonic features to spread, but constraint interaction filtering wrong candidates that are under- or over-harmonized. Various approaches have been introduced in this connection. This study classifies them into two main streams: (i) the autosegmental spreading approach, and (ii) the agree-based approach. Through the examination, this study shows that the agree-based approach, especially no-disagreement, is more successful than others to account for harmonic process. The approach without autosegmental representation does not require any specific pro- spreading constraint or representational modification for harmony, and does not induce any problems others have, such as wrong typological prediction and ‘sour-grapes property’. In conclusion, this study verifies that harmonic process can be accounted for without autosegmental spreading.

고화를 동반한 용융물 퍼짐 거동 예측에 관한 수치해석적 연구

안상모(Sang Mo An),김성일(Sung Il Kim) 대한기계학회 2024 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2024 No.11

This paper presents the numerical investigations on the spreading behavior of UO₂-ZrO₂ based corium (VOLCANO VE- U7 benchmark) in the light water reactors and molten salts of FLiNaK and NaCl-KCl-UCl₃ in the molten salt reactors considering the melt solidification effect. The CFD analysis results of corium spreading with a wide phase change temperature of 1250 K showed good agreements with the experimental results of early phase spreading. Both Ramaccioti’s temperature-dependent viscosity model and the enthalpy-porosity method with the constant viscosity were found very effective to reflect the corium solidification. In addition, the decay heat effect could be considerable to enhance the melt spreading. However, some limitations were found in simulating the freezing at the leading edge both for corium and molten salts, which could play a barrier to prevent further spreading. More research is needed to simulate the thermohydraulic behavior of the eutectic melt materials such as molten salts.