Change of Bacterial and Fungal Community by Soil Salinity Levels in Gyehwa Area of Saemangeum Reclaimed Land

김기윤 ( Kiyoon Kim ),( Denver Walitang ),( Sandipan Samaddar ),( Shamim Ahmed ),사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor related to microbial community structure and fungi have also been reported to be more sensitive to salinity stress than bacteria. Saemangeum reclaimed land is a part of Saemangeum Development Project. Most of the persistent problems of Saemangeum reclaimed land remain to be related to soil salinity. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of soil salinity levels on the microbial communities in Saemangeum reclaimed land using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Soil samples were collected from 12 sites of Gyehwa area in Saemangeum reclaimed land. For pyrosequencing, 27F/518R (bacteria) and ITS3/ITS4 (fungi) primers were used containing the Roche 454 pyrosequencing adaptorkey- linker (underlined) and unique barcodes (X). Pyrosequencing was performed by Chun`s Lab using the standard shotgun sequencing reagents and a 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing System (Roche, Inc.). Preprocessing and sequence analyses of fasta files containing the trimmed sequences were done using the Mothur application. In the soil samples, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota showed the highest relative abundance in all the soil sample sites. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Parcubacteria were shown to have significantly higher abundance in high salinity level soils than low salinity level soils, while Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae have significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The abundance of fungal, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota and Cerozoa had significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and correlation analysis showed the salinity-related soil parameters affected bacterial and fungal community structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Plantomycetes exhibited significantly positive correlation with soil salinity, while Acidobacteria exhibited significantly negative correlation. In the case of fungal community, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were seen to show significantly negative correlation with salinity related soil parameters. These results show that salinity and salinity-related soil parameters greatly influence the bacterial and fungal community structure in Saemangeum reclaimed land. This study also suggests provide understanding soil salinity that are important and potential key players on microbial community of Saemangeum reclaimed land.

Paddy Soil Tillage Impacts on SOC Fractions

Jung, Won-Kyo,Han, Hee-Suk Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2007 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) has long been considered to improve our understanding of soil productivity, soil carbon dynamics, and soil quality. And also SOC could contribute as a major soil management factor for prescribing fertilizers and controlling of soil erosion and runoff. Reducing tillage intensity has been recommended to sequester SOC into soil. On the other hand, determination of traditional SOC could barely identify the tillage practices effect. Physical soil fractionation has been reported to improve interpretation of soil tillage practices impact on SOC dynamics. However, most of these researches were focused onupland soils and few researches were conducted on paddy soils. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate paddy soil tillage impact on SOC by physical soil fractionation. Soils were sampled in conventional-tillage (CT), partial-tillage (PT), no-tillage (NT), and shallow-tillage (ST)plots at the National Institute of Crop Science research farm. Samples were obtained at the three sampling depth with 7.5-cm increment from the surface and were sieved with 0.25- and 0.053-mm screen. Soil organic carbon was determined by wet combustion method. Significant difference of SOC contentwas found among sampling soil depth and soil particle size. SOC content tended to increase at the ST plot with increasing size of soil particle fraction. We conclude that quantifying soil organic carbon by physical soil particle fractionation could improve understanding of SOC dynamics by soil tillage practices.

광산지역 비소오염 경사 농경지 토양의 안정화 및 유실 저감을 위한 석탄광산배수슬러지의 적용성 평가

고일하,권요셉,정문호,지원현,Koh, Il-Ha,Kwon, Yo Seb,Jeong, Mun-Ho,Ji, Won Hyun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.6

Soil aggregation begins with flocculation of clay particles triggered by interfacial reactions of polyvalent cation such as Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and they are also known as important elements to control the mobility of arsenic in soil environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CMDS (coal mine drainage sludge) for soil loss reduction and stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil in a 37% sloped farmland under rainfall simulation. The amount of soil loss decreased by 43% when CMDS was applied, and this result was not significantly different from the case of limestone application, which yielded 46% decrease of soil loss. However, the relative amount of dispersed clay particles in the sediment CMDS-applied soil was 10% lower than that of limestone-applied soil, suggesting CMDS is more effective than limestone in inducing soil aggregation. The concentrations of bioavailable arsenic in CMDS amended soil decreased by 46%~78%, which was lower than the amount in limestone amended soil. Therefore, CMDS can be used as an effective amendment material to reduce soil loss and stabilize arsenic in sloped farmland areas.

Bacterial community structure and soil properties of a subarctic tundra soil in Council, Alaska

Kim, Hye Min,Jung, Ji Young,Yergeau, Etienne,Hwang, Chung Yeon,Hinzman, Larry,Nam, Sungjin,Hong, Soon Gyu,Kim, Ok-Sun,Chun, Jongsik,Lee, Yoo Kyung Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2014 FEMS microbiology ecology Vol.89 No.2

<P>The subarctic region is highly responsive and vulnerable to climate change. Understanding the structure of subarctic soil microbial communities is essential for predicting the response of the subarctic soil environment to climate change. To determine the composition of the bacterial community and its relationship with soil properties, we investigated the bacterial community structure and properties of surface soil from the moist acidic tussock tundra in Council, Alaska. We collected 70 soil samples with 25-m intervals between sampling points from 0–10 cm to 10–20 cm depths. The bacterial community was analyzed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and the following soil properties were analyzed: soil moisture content (MC), pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and inorganic nitrogen ([FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION]). The community compositions of the two different depths showed that <I>Alphaproteobacteria</I> decreased with soil depth. Among the soil properties measured, soil pH was the most significant factor correlating with bacterial community in both upper and lower-layer soils. Bacterial community similarity based on jackknifed unweighted <SMALL>UNIFRAC</SMALL> distance showed greater similarity across horizontal layers than through the vertical depth. This study showed that soil depth and pH were the most important soil properties determining bacterial community structure of the subarctic tundra soil in Council, Alaska.</P>

Lime addition chemical stabilization of expansive soil at Al-Kawamil city, Sohag region, Egypt

Farghaly, Ahmed Abdelraheem,El-Shater, A.,Naiem, Mostafa Abdou Abdel,Hamdy, Fatma Techno-Press 2020 Advances in computational design Vol.5 No.1

Soil is the fundamental element in the construction process. Soil problems affect the safety of the structures, even so the high quality of the structures and so, bad soil found the structures will affect the lifetime or even destroy the structures built on it. Therefore, the study of soil is an important step in the construction process and the investigation of the most effective characteristics of a special kind of soil (shale soil), i.e. Atterberg limits, swelling pressure, swelling potential and unconfined compression strength, are the most effective soil properties. A big projects will be constructed in new urban extension areas with expansive shale soils, like at Al-Kawamil and new Akhmim shale soils which associated with soil problems, treatment system should be used to ensure the stability of the soil under the structures foundations one of the most effective methods is by adding lime solution to the soil by specific quantities, which affect on the properties of the shale soil by decreasing the swelling and increasing the compressive strength of the treatment soils. Experimenting with the soil added to the lime, it was found that the addition of lime solution 6% improve c j the properties of the soil. The results of the tests showed the high effectiveness of using lime in the treatment of Al-Kawamil soil

광양만 바다 준설 매립지 느티나무의 식재 지반별 토양 이화학적 특성

김도균,박종민 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

This study was carried out to analyze physicochemical properties according to the soil height and to the six types of sites that were used as planting ground in the reclaimed land from the sea, Gwangyang Bay. The physicochemical properties of the soil types were tested by t-test(p<0.01, 0.05), at each of the 6 planting ground sites(p<0.01, 0.05), and at each height(p<0.01) of the planting grounds. These areas were tested by ANOVA and were significantly different. Improved soil was better than reclaimed soil from the sea for Zelkova growth because the improved soil contained lower amounts of pH, ECe, N $a^{+}$, $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$ SAR. Due to freedom from variables such as salt content in the underground as well as the physical and chemical disturbance of the soil, favorable planting ground for tree growth was recorded at the higher grounds than at the lower ones. Soil detriment to the tree growth in the studied sites included elements such as soil hardness, and the distribution of sodium in the tree root systems. The planting grounds for the favorable growth of landscape trees were determined in the following order: the grounds of mounding> the coved ground of improved soil, and the filled ground of improved soil.l.l.l.

Vertical distribution of bacterial community is associated with the degree of soil organic matter decomposition in the active layer of moist acidic tundra

김혜민,Min Jin Lee,정지영,Chung Yeon Hwang,Mincheol Kim,Hee-Myong Ro,Jongsik Chun,Yoo Kyung Lee 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.11

The increasing temperature in Arctic tundra deepens the active layer, which is the upper layer of permafrost soil that experiences repeated thawing and freezing. The increasing of soil temperature and the deepening of active layer seem to affect soil microbial communities. Therefore, information on soil microbial communities at various soil depths is essential to understand their potential responses to climate change in the active layer soil. We investigated the community structure of soil bacteria in the active layer from moist acidic tundra in Council, Alaska. We also interpreted their relationship with some relevant soil physicochemical characteristics along soil depth with a fine scale (5 cm depth interval). The bacterial community structure was found to change along soil depth. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and candidate phylum WPS-2 rapidly decreased with soil depth, while those of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and candidate AD3 rapidly increased. A structural shift was also found in the soil bacterial communities around 20 cm depth, where two organic (upper Oi and lower Oa) horizons are subdivided. The quality and the decomposition degree of organic matter might have influenced the bacterial community structure. Besides the organic matter quality, the vertical distribution of bacterial communities was also found to be related to soil pH and total phosphorus content. This study showed the vertical change of bacterial community in the active layer with a fine scale resolution and the possible influence of the quality of soil organic matter on shaping bacterial community structure.

Impacts of Soil Microbial Populations on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties under Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest, Coromandel Coast, India

Sudhakaran M,Ramamoorthy D,Swamynathan B,Ramya J 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.4

There are very few studies about soil chemical and biological properties under tropical dry evergreen forest Coromandel Coast, India. The present study was conducted in six tropical dry evergreen forests sites such as Oorani, Puthupet, Vadaagram, Kotthatai, Sendrakillai and Palvathunnan. We measured the quantity of soil chemical, biological properties and selected soil microorganisms for investigating the impacts of soil microbial populations on soil chemical and biological properties. The result showed that total N, P, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, exchangeable K, Olson P, extractable Ca and phosphobacterial population were higher in the soil from Kothattai forest site. Organic carbon, total Mg, extractable Na, soil respiration, β-glucosidase activity, bacterial population, fungi population and actinomycetes population were higher in the soil from Palvathunn forest site. Total K, NH4 +-N, NO3 −-N, exchangeable K, extractable Ca, extractable Na, azotobacter population, bacillus population and rhizobacteria population were higher in the soil from Sendrakillai. Beijerinckia population, rhizobacteria and soluble sodium were higher in Puthupet forest soil. Total Si, total Na and exchangeable K were higher in soil from Oorani forest site. Total Mo and exchangeable K were higher in the soil from Vadaagaram forest site. The results showed that organic carbon, total N, NH4 +-N, NO3 −-N, extractable P, extractable Ca, soil respiration and β-glucosidase were significantly correlated with soil microbial populations. Therefore soil microorganisms are important factor for maintaining soil quality in tropical dry evergreen forest.

경주 남산의 토양 이화학적 특성

허태철,주성현 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2005 慶北大農學誌 Vol.23 No.-

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection management by soil physio-chemical analysis of studied area in Mt. Namsan. The result of soil physio-chemical analysis and statical analysis represented as following. In side of physical properties of forest soil in Mt. Namsan, Soil depth was average 31.4cm and available soil depth was average 20.0cm. Soil type was Brown forest soil that representative soil type in Korea. Soil texture was sandy loam(SL) except valley area. In side of chemical properties, the range of soil acidity was 4.29~5.19 (average 4.76), organic matter content was 3.17% that compared the lowest value to organic matter content of Korea forest soil. Available phosphorus was 3.64ppm that was lower than others forest soil. Exchangeable cation content was similar to the Korea brown forest soil. Cation exchange capacity(CEC) was 8.22 cmol_(c)/kg in Mt. Namsan.

비산재로 제조한 비료가 논토양 질과 벼 생육에 미치는 영향

오세진 ( Se Jin Oh ),윤현수 ( Hyun Soo Yun ),오승민 ( Seung Min Oh ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),김록영 ( Rog Young Kim ),서영호 ( Yung Ho Seo ),이기석 ( Kee Suk Lee ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ) 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.56 No.4

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.