트랜잭티브 메모리 역량이 업무성과에 미치는 영향

김효준(Hyo Jun Kim),곽기영(Kee Young Kwahk) 한국경영학회 2014 經營學硏究 Vol.43 No.3

The explosive growth of the internet as the main source of information and knowledge has greatly impacted the manner in which people make use of their memory. As a result, interest in the internet environment, and in particular in the role of transactive memory in a social media environment, has been heightened. Transactive memory refers to a shared memory system through which the necessary information and knowledge is obtained using an external repository. As such, it differs from the existing memory system in which necessary information and knowledge is dependent on the individual`s incomplete memory structure. It revolves around comprehending the person who possesses the necessary information and knowledge rather than remembering the knowledge and information itself. The majority of existing studies have been focused on proving the usefulness of transactive memory based on research at the organizational level. However, the marked increase in the influence of social media has heightened the need for research on individual transactive memory. Factors such as the emergence of various social network services, diffusion of smart phones, and the popularization of mobile internet have resulted in the ripple effects caused by social media becoming increasingly large. The use of social media has created various benefits, such as knowledge sharing activities amongst the participants, formation of human networks, communication with various people, and the materialization of online interest groups. The emergence of social media has made it possible for its users to form various human networks. Social media has positioned itself as a new type of communication method. While customers have used social media as a tool to promptly acquire new information, businesses have established differentiated marketing strategies based on social media. The diffusion and use of social media have increased the opportunities for users to acquire and use such information. Users of social media employ their own transactive memory to access the various information available on social media. They can promptly access qualitative information by using their transactive memory and appropriately filter the useful information from the information overload. However, not all people boast the same transactive memory at the individual level; rather, such memory is differently formed depending on factors such as social environment and individual characteristics. Individual differences can emerge depending on the degree of interaction with other people, capability to collect and use information, and the will to use such information. As such, the formation and ability to use the transactive memory that differs between individuals are defined as the transactive memory capability. This study introduced social interaction, social presence, self-monitoring, and core self-evaluation as the factors impacting the formation of transactive memory capacity. The impact of transactive memory capability on the tertius iungens orientation and individual job performance were also verified. The research model was empirically verified using a structural equation model. The study revealed that the four antecedent factors included in the research model significantly impacted individuals` transactive memory capability, and that the transactive memory capability positively influenced the tertius iungens orientation and job performance. Lastly, the results of the study were discussed, and the theoretical and practical implications were introduced.

Leveraging your knowledge to my performance: The impact of transactive memory capability on job performance in a social media environment

Kwahk, Kee-Young,Park, Do-Hyung Elsevier 2018 Computers in Human Behavior Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The explosive growth of the internet as the main source of information and knowledge has greatly impacted the manner in which people make use of their memory. As a result, interest in the internet environment, and in particular in the role of transactive memory in a social media environment, has been heightened. Transactive memory is the shared memory system that is formed through interactions between people. Through social media, people have been able to form various human networks, which in turn have made it possible to acquire new information and knowledge. In this sense, the utility of transactive memory has been further increased in a social media environment. This study introduced social interaction, social presence, self-monitoring, and core self-evaluation as the factors impacting the formation of transactive memory capacity. The impacts of transactive memory capability on the tertius iungens orientation and individual job performance were also verified. Data from 225 workers was collected to verify the research model introduced in this study, which was empirically verified using a structural equation model. The study revealed that the four antecedent factors included in the research model significantly impacted individuals’ transactive memory capability and that the transactive memory capability positively influenced the tertius iungens orientation and job performance. Lastly, the results of the study were discussed, and the theoretical and practical implications were introduced.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The increased utilization of transactive memory in social media environment. </LI> <LI> The impact of individual and social factors on transactive memory capability. </LI> <LI> The relationship between transactive memory capability & tertius iungens orientation. </LI> <LI> The indirect effect of transactive memory capability on individual job performance. </LI> <LI> Theoretical and practical implications for social media management. </LI> </UL> </P>

Visuosocial Preference Memory, but Not Avoidance Memory, Requires PLCγ1 in the CA2 Hippocampus

Kim Sunpil,김정연,Park Yongmin Mason,Suh Pann-Ghill,이창준 한국뇌신경과학회 2022 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.5

Visuosocial memory is defined as stored visual information containing social context. Primates have a powerful ability to associate visuosocial memory with episodic memory. However, the existence of visuosocial memory in mice remains unclear. Here, we design a novel vision-specific social memory test using a portrait picture or mirrored self-image and demonstrate that mice can distinguish conspecific from other species by forming a visuosocial memory. Because CA2 hippocampus has been reported as a critical brain region for social memory, we develop CA2-specific blockade of memory formation through deletion of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1), which is a key molecule in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. Interestingly, these mice have intact sociability but impaired social memory in three chamber test and five-trial social memory test, which is highly dependent on visual information. Finally, PLCγ1 deletion in CA2 impairs visuosocial preference memory, but not avoidance memory, whereas non-social object recognition is intact. Our study proposes that mice have visuosocial memory, just as primates and humans.

사회적 참사와 기억공간의 제도화 : 세월호참사와 대구지하철참사 비교 분석

김진이,오세일 비판사회학회 2022 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.136

This study compares and analyzes the institutionalization process of the place of memory for Sewol ferry disaster(2014) and that of Daegu subway fire(2003). The process of ‘institutionalization’ of the two places of memory is itself struggle for collective memory. This study investigates how the placeness of the two memorial spaces has been socially constructed and what factors have influenced the institutionalization process of the place of memory. The study also analyses how bereaved families and citizens have internalized the meaning of the place of memory in the process of institutionalization. Furthermore, the study aims to explore that the institutionalization of place of memory is a process for reflecting on social suffering and acquiring ‘moral universality’ that goes beyond the context of power struggle and hegemonic occupation of territory. According to the analysis of field research, in-depth interviews, and content analysis for each case, the two disaster cases created a place of memory based on symbolic features of the local community. However, the institutionalization of the two places differed according to the power and autonomy of local governments, the participation rights of the victims’ association, the solidarity within themselves and with others, and the resources and procedural institutions. Based on these facts, the study argues that the difference in placeness of two memorial spaces occurs in the process of institutionalization. In addition, this study found that, in the institutionalization process, the two places of memory are being signified(internalized) as public values of ‘life’ and ‘safety’ that can access the ultimate ground of moral horizons. The struggle for the memory of the bereaved family over the place of memory can be interpreted as an externalization process of the social suffering caused by disaster and as a call for social awakening. This study shed light on the place of memory in the process of internalization to reflect continuously in the public sphere oriented toward under moral universality and not to be forced to place collective memory of social suffering into oblivion. 이 연구는 2014년 세월호참사의 안산시 기억공간과 2003년 대구지하철참사의 대구시 기억공간의 제도화 과정을 비교 분석한다. 두 기억공간의 제도화 과정은 그 자체로기억투쟁이다. 이 연구는 두 기억공간의 장소성이 어떻게 사회적으로 구성되어 왔는지, 기억공간의 제도화 과정에는 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미쳤는지 파악한다. 또한 이 제도화과정 안에서 유가족 당사자가 어떻게 기억공간의 의미를 내재화하고 있는지 묻는다. 나아가 이 연구는 기억공간의 제도화 과정이 권력 투쟁과 영토의 점유라는 맥락을 넘어서, 사회적 고통을 성찰하고 ‘도덕적 보편성’을 획득하기 위한 과정임을 살펴보고자 한다. 각 사례에 대한 현장조사, 인터뷰, 문헌연구의 분석 결과, 두 참사 사례는 지역사회 안에서 상징적인 특징을 기반으로 기억공간을 조성했으나, 형성된 장소성은 상이했다. 두 사례의 기억공간은 지방자치단체의 권한과 자율성, 피해자 조직의 참여권과 내·외부의 연대성, 자원과 절차적 제도에 따라 제도화가 다르게 나타났다. 두 기억공간의 제도화 과정에서 도덕적 지평의 궁극적 의미를 담지한 ‘생명’, ‘안전’이라는 공적 가치가 의미화(내재화)되고 있었는데, 특히 기억공간에 대한 유가족들의 기억투쟁은 참사의 고통에 대한 외재화 과정이자 사회적 각성에 대한 촉구라고 해석할 수 있다. 이 연구는 참사의 고통을 망각으로 유폐시키지 않고 도덕적 보편성의 지평 아래서 지속적인 성찰을 제도화하는 기제로서 기억공간의 의미를 재조명했다.

사회불안집단에서 연설 수행 시연 효과: 인지적 처리과정을 중심으로

한이랑(Lee Rang Han),박경(Kyung Park) 한국심리치료학회 2020 한국심리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

사회불안집단의 인지적 편향은 주의, 해석 및 기억과 같은 인지적 과정의 핵심 영역에서 다양한 경험적 연구가 이 루어지고 있다. 기존 연구들에서 사회불안집단의 주의 및 해석 편향은 비교적 일관되게 나타난 반면, 기억 편향의 결과들은 일관되지 않았다. 사회불안집단의 특정 정보처리 과정의 결함을 이해하기 위해서는 인지적 편향을 유발 하는 과정에 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 이에 따라 최근 연구들은 지각, 주의 그리고 장기 기억의 영역들을 연결하는 작 업 기억의 역할과 과정에 대해 주목하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주의, 해석, 기억의 인지적 영역에서 나타난 사회불 안집단의 인지적 편향이 작업 기억의 영역에서도 동일하게 나타나는지 경험적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20대 성인 남녀 423명을 대상으로 사회공포증척도(SPS)와 한국판 역학연구센터 우울 척도(CES-D)를 실시하여 ‘사회불안집단’ 20명, ‘정상통제집단’ 20명을 구성하였다. 본 연구의 타당성을 높이기 위해 연구 참여자들을 연설 수행이라는 실제 사회적 수행 상황에 노출시켰다. 연설 수행 전후로 숫자 역순 외우기 검사와 코르시 블록 검사로 구성된 작업 기억 과제와 자기보고식 설문지를 실시하여 연설 수행이 집단 간 작업 기억과 부정적 자기지각에 어 떠한 차이를 보이는지 밝혔다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회불안집단과 정상통제집단의 작 업 기억 과제 수행에서 집단 간 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 둘째, 연설 수행 전 후 상태 사회적 자기 효능감(SSES-S) 의 수준에서 각 집단 별 유의미한 차이가 확인되었다. 셋째, 연설 수행 이후 사회불안 수준에 따라 해석편향에서 차이가 확인되었다. The cognitive bias of social anxiety groups is being conducted in various empirical studies in the key areas of cognitive processes such as attention, interpretation and memory. While previous studies have shown relatively consistent attention and interpretation bias in social anxiety groups, the results of memory bias have been inconsistent. In order to understand the deficiencies of certain information processing processes in social anxiety groups, the focus should be on the process that causes cognitive bias. Accordingly, recent studies have focused on the role and process of working memory connecting areas of perception, attention, and long-term memory. In this study, we wanted to examine empirically whether the cognitive bias of social anxiety groups in the cognitive realm of attention, interpretation and memory is the same in the realm of working memory. To that end, 423 adult males and females in their 20s were divided into 20 “social anxiety groups” and 20 “normal control groups” by conducting social anxiety scale (SPS) and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Research (CES-D). In order to make this study more relevant, the particpants were exposed to the actual social performance of the speech. Before and after the speech, a task memory task consisting of a numerical reverse memorization test and a Corsy block test and a self-reporting questionnaire were conducted to reveal how the speech performance differed between group working memory and negative self-awareness. In summary, the results of this study are as follows. First, there were no group differences in the performance of task memory for social anxiety groups and normal control groups. Second, significant differences between groups were identified at the level of state social self-efficiency (SSES-S) before and after the speech. Third, differences in interpretation bias were identified depending on the level of social unrest after the speech was carried out.

How Can We Preserve Social Memories?: Exploration of Global Open Archives

Gang, Ju-Yeon,Kim, Geon,Oh, Hyo-Jung Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2019 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.7 No.3

Until now, records re-enacting social memories have not been main targets for preservation and management in Korea. However, people have recently begun to focus on forming and maintaining their memories because these personalized records have started to be recognized as social and political issues. In this respect, this study aims to find out how to preserve social memories by comparing various global open archives. For achieving our research goal, we first established the definition of social memories and records and revealed their characteristics. After then, we selected representative open archives' websites to examine their collection polices and compare them according to several criteria. As a result, we distilled insights based on similarities and differences of each archive and discussed considerations in preserving social memories consisting of three phases: analyzing target social memories, establishing collection policies, and collecting actual records. This study has significance in that it examines the characteristics of social memories and records and also suggests preliminary findings for advanced research to develop practical tools for social records management and archives.

평화의 소녀상을 통해 나타난 시각 문화의 상징성과 사회적 기억의 확산

송진원,안병학 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.5

Focusing on how the contemporary society understood and interpreted the events involving enforced sexual slavery for the Japanese military in the past and the phenomena happening through the visual culture of the Statue of Peace, which is the symbol in the resistance movement process of victims forced to be sexual slavery and civic groups, the investigator discussed the following research: 1) The human act of ‘remembering’ is a mental act in the personal domain. Personal memory is, however, created based on personal experiences within the social framework and can be called social acts in the end. ‘Remembering at the social level" is an important social act to have second-hand experiences with events in the past and form and figure out the identity of the concerned group based on ‘social memory’ produced by collective communication beyond personal thinking; 2) The study examined the popularization and democratization process of visual art, which used to hold values only for some people with a privilege, according to changes to the cultural and artistic values following social changes and through various cultural media including technological advancement; and 3) The investigator focused on the ‘Statue of Peace’ as an object of ‘social memory’ based on the two discussions above. The Statue of Peace is a pivot that has conveyed the intangible memory of victims forced to be sexual slavery that had been excluded and distorted to the public and expanded the cohesiveness and bond of sympathy of resistance. At the base of the phenomenon are various symbols contained in the statue. The present study found that memory of the past was reorganized by social interest and needs in the constantly changing society, tried to understand and interpret visual culture with much influence through the medium of social memory, and further proposed the meanings of communication with its public values for its methodological roles. 이 연구에서는 과거 일본군 ‘위안부’라는 사건을 현재 사회가 어떻게 이해하고 해석하는가, 그리고 위안부 피해자들과 시민단체의 저항운동 과정에서 생겨난 상징물인 평화의 소녀상을 통해 발생하는 현상에 주목하여 다음과 같은 논의를 개진했다. 1) 인간이 ‘기억을 한다’라는 것은 정신적인 행위이며 개인적 영역이다. 그러나 개인의 기억은 결국 사회가 만든 틀 안에서의 경험을 통해 만들어지는 것으로 결국 사회적 행위라 할 수 있다. 또한‘사회적으로 기억’한다는 것은 개인의 사고를 넘어 집단적 커뮤니케이션을 통해 생산되는 결과로, 과거의 사건을 간접적으로 경험하는 해당 집단의 태도와 정체성을 파악할 수 있는 중요한 사회적 행위라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 과거 일부 특권층의 전유물이었던 시각예술이 사회적 변화에 따라 문화적, 예술적 가치관, 기술의 발달과 같은 다양한 변화를 통해 문화적 매개체로서 예술의 대중화, 민주화를 실현하게 된 과정, 그리고 현재 시각 문화가 가지는 의미를 파악했다. 3) 앞의 두 논의를 바탕으로 연구자가 주목한 ‘사회적 기억’의 대상은 ‘평화의 소녀상’이다. 소녀상은 그동안 배제, 은폐, 왜곡되었던 위안부 피해자들의 무형의 기억을 대중에게 전달하고저항의 응집력과 공감대를 확산시킨 구심점이었다. 그리고 그 현상의 기저에는 소녀상에 담긴 여러 상징이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 이처럼 끊임없이 변화하는 사회에서 과거의 기억들은 사회의 관심과 요구를바탕으로 재구성된다는 것을 확인할 수 있게 했고, 사회적 기억의 매개체로서 시각 문화의 영향력을 이해하게했다. 그 결과로 연구자는 공적 가치를 지닌 커뮤니케이션의 한 방법론으로서 시각예술의 역할에 대한 의미를제시하고자 했다.

수치심 기억과 도식적 신념이 편집성향에 미치는 영향

백다예,이훈진 한국임상심리학회 2017 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.36 No.1

This study aimed to clarify the effect of shame memory on paranoia and social anxiety, based on the study of Matos, Pinto- Gouveia, & Gilbert (2013). Shame has been conceptualized as a self-conscious emotion that focuses on the negative aspects of the self, but this study also notices that shame may be related to the perception of social put-down, neglect in interpersonal relationship. The three types of shame memories were measured; the internal shame memory, external shame memory, and external-humiliative shame memory. On the basis of threat anticipation model of paranoia, it is hypothesized that negative self and other schema mediate the relationship between the external-humiliative shame memory and paranoia. The effect of each shame memory on paranoia and social anxiety was analyzed. The results of regression analyses suggest that paranoia was predicted by the external-humiliative shame memory, and the social anxiety by internal shame memory. The negative beliefs about the self and others showed a partial mediation effect in the relationship between external-humiliative shame memory and paranoia. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future study are discussed.

기억을 위한 아키비스트 - 기록과 기억의 이론적 고찰 -

신동희,김유승 한국기록관리학회 2016 한국기록관리학회지 Vol.16 No.1

In archival discourse, social memory has been discussed for some time. Despite this, however, theoretical studies have not been prolific at all in the Korean archival community. Many Western scholars have argued that archivists should consider memory rather than records for archival preservation because the inclusiveness of the former will fill the gaps in the latter. Social memory that is shared and transmitted across generations in society would include the stories of marginalized groups of people who are often neglected in official documents. Archivists can reconstruct the diverse narratives of a variety of social groups based on social memory, and this would be their social responsibility. In this sense, it is archivists who exercise power regarding how history will be written in the future because they determine what would be preserved in archives: mainstream culture with official records or a broader spectrum of diverse stories of people in society. From this perspective, this paper intends to understand how memory is discussed in archival discourse and to review how archives and history are associated with memory in theories and practices. 기록학에서 집단 기억, 사회적 기억에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으나, 아직 그 이론적 배경을 고찰한 연구는 많지 않다. 기억이 가지는 포괄성이 기록이 가지는 제한된 역사기술을 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 서구의 많은 학자들은 아키비스트가 문자화된 기록뿐만 아니라 도처에 만연해 있는 기억을 수집해야 한다고 주장한다. 아키비스트의 사회적 역할에는 공유되고 전승되는 기억을 통해 한 시대를 살고 있는 사람들의 모습을 재구성해야 함이 포함된다. 기억이 가지는 사회적 특성은 주류문화 위주 기록문화의 한계성에 도전하고, 비주류문화, 비기록문화의 역사를 포함하고 전승하도록 한다. 이러한 기억의 담론에서 아키비스트는 기록관에 수집하고 보존할 역사의 내용이 문자화된 지배집단의 기록에만 한정할지, 소외받고 배제되는 사회집단을 포함할 것인지 결정하는 역사의 중요한 권력자다. 본 연구에서는 기억에 대한 이론적 배경을 고찰하고, 역사와 기록이 기억의 담론에서 어떻게 인식되고 설명되는지 살펴본다. 결론에 갈음하여, 기억의 담론에서 기록관과 아키비스트의 역할을 논의한다.

The Spectrum of Memory: Animated Documentary In-between Self-Narration and Social Criticism

Chunning Maggie Guo 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2016 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.16

This is a practice-based research, in the process of creating Ketchup(《番茄酱》), a short work of animated documentary as an exploration of autobiographical memory and trauma memory, the author also experimented with the narration structure and visual metaphor in animated documentary. Since a series of important animated documentary works were first produced starting in 1995, including Drawn from Memory(Paul Fierlinger,1995), Sunrise over Tiananmen Square (Shuibo Wang, 1999) and Waltz with Bashir (Ari Folman,2008), animated documentary has revealed a new style of narration for the author themselves, and at the same time a device for social criticism. By using “first person” perspective or even voices, animated documentary can deeply rethink and question social problems and historical trauma. This paper focuses on the spectrum of memory, including the taste of memory, the color of memory, the structure of memory and the metaphor of memory, these aspects of memories will be explored deeply through the cross-dialogue between the above art works and a series of animated documentaries from east European countries. The key point of research of animated documentary also relies on rethinking and redefining what animated documentary is, this paper demonstrates animated documentary is already beyond the discussion of ontology of animation or documentary, it is a new entity with its own identity and potential.