Molecular Cloning of Novel Genes Specifically Expressed in Snailfish, Liparis tanakae

송인선,이석근,손진기 한국발생생물학회 2000 발생과 생식 Vol.4 No.1

심해에서 서식하며 특이한 조직형태를 갖고 있는 꼼치조직에서 cDNA를 제작하여 클로닝을 통해서, 꼼치에서 특이하게 발현하는 유전인자를 검색하였다. 그 결과 62례의 클론이 알려진 유전자에 동질성이 있었는데 이들은 thioesterase가 9례, myosin이 8례, creatine kinase가 7례, skeletal alpha-actin이 6례, parvalbumin b와 ribosomal protein이 각각 5례, type I collagen과 m Snailfish usually lives at the bottom of the sea and showed typical retrogressive change with specialized tissue structures of skin and skeletons. In order to obtain the specific genes of snailfish, highly expressed in the body, we made subtracted cDNA library and analyzed 200 clones. Totally 200 clones were obtained and sequenced, and among them 62 clones were turned out to be homologous to the known gene, i.e., thioesterase (9), myosin (8), creatine kinase (7), skeletal alpha-actin (6), parvalbumin b (5), ribosomal protein (5), type I collagen (3), muscle troponin (3), dopamine receptor (2), histatin (2), and heat shock protein (2), cystatin (1), lectin (1), statherin (1), secretory carrier membrane protein (1), keratin type I (1), desmin (1), chloroplast (1), muscle tropomyosin (1), reticulum calcium ATPase (1), ribonucleoprotein (1). The remaining 138 clones were low homologous or non-redundant genes through Genbank search. Especially 5 clones were novel and specifically expressed in the body tissues of Snailfish by in situ hybridization. Therefore, we analysed these 5 clones to identify the C-terminal protein structures and motifs, and partly defined the roles of these proteins in comparison with the expression patterns by in situ hybridization. C9O-77, about 5000 bp, was supposed to be a matrix protein expressed strongly positive in epithelium, myxoid tissue, fibrous tissue and collagenous tissue. C9O-116, about 1500 bp, was supposed to be a transmembrane protein which was weakly expressed in the fibrous tissue, epithelium tissue, and myxoid tissue, but strong in muscle tissue. C9O-130, about 1200 bp, was supposed to be an intracytoplasmic molecule usually in the epithelial cells. C9O-161, about 2000 bp, was weakly expressed in epithelium, muscle tissue and myxoid tissue, but specially strong in epithelium. C9O-171, about 1000 bp, was supposed to be a transcription factor containing zinc finger like domain, which was intensely expressed in the epithelium, muscle tissue, fibrous tissue, and in collagenous tissue.

Molecular Cloning and Identification of Novel Genes, Gomsin, Characteristically Expressed in Snailfish, Liparis tanakae

송인선,이석근,손진기 한국발생생물학회 2002 발생과 생식 Vol.6 No.1

점액질이 풍부한 꼼치 조직에서 NIH 3T3 세포주를 이용하여 subtracted cDNA 라이브러리를 얻어 200례의 클론을 제작하였다. 이 클른 중에서 비반복성 유전자를 선택하고, RNA in situ hybridization을 실행하여 꼼치 조직에서 특이하게 발현되는 곰신 클론(C90-171)을 선택하였다. 이 클론은 사람의 타액선 조직에서도 특이하게 발현되는 유전자로서 이를 확인하기 위하여 C90-171(곰신) 항체를 제작하였다. 꼼치의 cDNA In order to obtain the specific genes of snailfish a subtracted cDNA library was constructed, and analysed by sequencing and GenBank search. Among them C90-171 clone was turned out to be genes showing low homology and nonredundant genes. This novel clone was named Gomsin(C90-171). Gomsin was shown to be intensely expressed in the epithelial cells, some mesenchymal cells, and sheaths of muscle bundles in the result of immunohistochemistry. In the cross reaction assay of Gomsin antibody against various human tissues, the Gomsin was strongly expressed in the ductal and acinar cells of salivary glands, which was similar to the expression patterns of proline-rich proteins(PRPs) of human. The antibody raised against the Gomsin was clearly cross-reacted with human salivary PRPs and also recombinant proteins of human PRPs in the Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis. Contrast to the salivary PRPs, the Gomsin was not easily degraded in the mixed saliva, but rapidly attacked on the cultured keratocytes in vitro. The simulated protein structure of Gomsin was similar to the whorled pattern of PRPs, even though the amino acid sequence of Gomsin was quite different from those of PRPs. These data suggest that the Gomsin is a characteristic matrix protein in the skin and body of snailfish, which is also utilized for the tissue protection in the similar way to the PRPs of human muco-secretory organs.

Maturity and Spawning of Snailfish, Liparis ochotensis (Schmidt), in the East Sea

양재형,이성일,윤상철,김종빈,전영열 한국수산과학회 2010 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.13 No.4

Maturity and spawning of the snailfish, Liparis ochotensis was investigated based on samples collected by gill net in the East Sea of Korea from December 2008 to December 2009. The average total length of L. ochotensis was 63.4-cm and 64.1-cm for females and males, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in July, reaching a maximum in November, then began to decrease in December. Monthly changes in the GSI values of L. ochotensis were similar for females and males. Annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (May), late growing stage (June to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Males show four successive stages; growing stage (May to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) was F=0.00003TL4.002 (R2=0.703), and F increased with TL. Total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 55.8-cm. Our findings suggest that the spawning period takes place from September to December, with the main spawning period occurring from October to December.

동해안 저서어 곰치와 풍덕구이의 영양성분 및 중금속의 계절적 변화

이병용(Byung Yong Lee),서정희(Jeonghee Surh) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구에서는, 동해안에 서식하는 대표적 저서어인 곰치와 풍덕구이의 영양성분 및 중금속 함량의 계절적 변동을 관찰하였다. 이 두 어종의 지방 함량은 0.3% 이하로 연중 내내 매우 낮은 특성을 나타내어 계절적 변동을 관찰하기 어려웠으나, 산란기를 전후하여 수분이 증가되고 단백질이 유의적으로 감소되는 현상이 관찰되었다. 수집 시기에 관계없이 1% 가량의 비교적 일정한 회분 함량을 나타내었던 두 어종은, 무기질 조성에 있어서는 연중 내내 칼륨(K), 나트륨(Na), 인(P)의 분포량이 가장 높게 나타남으로써, 어류의 전형적인 무기질 패턴을 나타내었다. 한편, 두 어종은 중금속 함량에 있어, 수은(Hg), 카드뮴(Cd), 주석(Sn)은 식품공전이 정한 규격을 충족시켰으나, 일부 시료에서 납(Pb)이 규격치 이상 검출됨에 따라, 두 어종에서 Pb 성분에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요함을 시사하였다. 아미노산 분석 결과, 1년에 걸쳐 수집된 곰치와 풍덕구이 두 어종 모두에서 가장 많은 양으로 존재하는 아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine으로 확인되었다. 또한, 곰치의 경우에는, 수분의 함량이 적고 단백질의 함량이 높았던 여름철에 총 아미노산과 단맛 및 감칠맛을 부여하는 유리아미노산의 함량이 높게 나타나는 계절적 특성을 나타내었다. 풍덕구이는 단백질 및 총 아미노산의 함량은 곰치보다 높았으나, 어류의 풍미를 부여하는 유리아미노산의 함량은 곰치보다 현저히 낮은 특성을 나타내었다. 곰치와 풍덕구이 두 어종 모두 10-1월 사이에, PUFA는 급격히 증가하고, SFA는 감소하여, 다른 시기에 비해 상대적으로 높은 P/S를 나타냄에 따라, 지방과 달리 지방산 조성에 있어서는 계절적 특성이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들은, 종, 계절, 수집 지역의 지리적 조건에 의 해 그 화학적 조성이 영향을 받게 되는 어류를 식품 소재화할 경우, 특정 지역에서 수집된 어류의 식품영양적 가치 평가는 개별 어류에 대해 연중 모니터링이 되어야 정확한 정보가 제공될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Two species of demersal fish, Liparis tessellates (cubed snailfish) and Hemitripterus villosus (shaggy sea raven), were investigated in relation to seasonal chemical composition. Total fat contents of the two fish were very low and were not appreciably different throughout the year, whereas their fatty acid compositions were significantly different depending on season. Noticeable changes in the moisture and protein contents in the two fishes were observed before and after spawning. Cubed snailfish showed relatively high amounts of total amino acids and free amino acids during summer months, whereas the levels of those in shaggy sea raven remained relatively unchanged throughout the year. Regardless of season, the major fatty acid of the two fishes was palmitic acid and most of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were n-3 PUFAs. Lead was over the legislative limit in some samples of the two fishes.

First Record of a Snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from Korea

Hwan-Sung Ji,Jeong-Ho Park,Tae-Woo Ban,Jin-Koo Kim 한국동물분류학회 2012 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.28 No.4

A single specimen (134.3 mm standard length) of a snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis was collected from a fish trap in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, East Sea, Korea. It is characterized by having the teeth strongly trilobed; dorsal fin rays 52; anal fin rays 47; pectoral fin rays 35; caudal fin rays 10; vertebrae 58; ribs 2 pairs; cephalic pores, 2-6-7-2; gill slit extending to the fifth pectoral fin ray; chin pores paired and equal in size; dorsal and anal fins with distinct reddish margins. We describe this species as the first record to Korea, and proposed the new Korean name, “Dong-hae-bun-hong-ggom-chi” for this species.

First Record of a Snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from Korea

Ji, Hwan-Sung,Park, Jeong-Ho,Ban, Tae-Woo,Kim, Jin-Koo The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2012 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.28 No.4

A single specimen (134.3 mm standard length) of a snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis was collected from a fish trap in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, East Sea, Korea. It is characterized by having the teeth strongly trilobed; dorsal fin rays 52; anal fin rays 47; pectoral fin rays 35; caudal fin rays 10; vertebrae 58; ribs 2 pairs; cephalic pores, 2-6-7-2; gill slit extending to the fifth pectoral fin ray; chin pores paired and equal in size; dorsal and anal fins with distinct reddish margins. We describe this species as the first record to Korea, and proposed the new Korean name, "Dong-hae-bun-hong-ggom-chi" for this species.

First Record of a Snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from Korea

김진구,지환성,박정호,반태우 한국동물분류학회 2012 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.28 No.4

A single specimen (134.3 mm standard length) of a snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis was collected from a fish trap in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, East Sea, Korea. It is characterized by having the teeth strongly trilobed; dorsal fin rays 52; anal fin rays 47; pectoral fin rays 35; caudal fin rays 10; vertebrae 58; ribs 2 pairs;cephalic pores, 2-6-7-2; gill slit extending to the fifth pectoral fin ray; chin pores paired and equal in size;dorsal and anal fins with distinct reddish margins. We describe this species as the first record to Korea, and proposed the new Korean name, “Dong-hae-bun-hong-ggom-chi” for this species.

Maturity and Spawning of Snailfish, Liparis ochotensis (Schmidt), in the East Sea

Yang, Jae-Hyeong,Lee, Sung-Il,Yoon, Sang-Chul,Kim, Jong-Bin,Chun, Young-Yull The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2010 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.13 No.4

Maturity and spawning of the snailfish, Liparis ochotensis was investigated based on samples collected by gill net in the East Sea of Korea from December 2008 to December 2009. The average total length of L. ochotensis was 63.4 cm and 64.1 cm for females and males, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in July, reaching a maximum in November, then began to decrease in December. Monthly changes in the GSI values of L. ochotensis were similar for females and males. Annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (May), late growing stage (June to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Males show four successive stages; growing stage (May to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) was F=$0.00003TL^{4.002}$ ($R^2$ = 0.703), and F increased with TL. Total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 55.8 cm. Our findings suggest that the spawning period takes place from September to December, with the main spawning period occurring from October to December.

한국 서해에 출현하는 꼼치 (Liparis tanakae)의 위내용물 조성

진수연,강다연,성기창,김도균,김호승,김현지,이정훈,백근욱 한국어류학회 2023 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이번 연구에 사용된 꼼치는 2022년 4, 8, 10, 11월에 우리나라 서해에서 저인망으로 채집하였으며, 채집된 꼼치의 전장범위는 3.8~52.2 cm였다. 꼼치의 가장 중요한 먹이생물은 생이하목 새우류였으며, 그중 마루자주새우, 분홍갯가꼬마새우를주로 섭식했으며, 영양단계는 3.63으로 나타났다. 또한, 꼼치는 생이하목 새우류 중 마루자주새우를 주로 섭식하는 섭식특화종이었다. 크기군별 먹이생물 조성 변화를 분석한 결과, 모든 크기군에서 생이하목 새우류가 가장 우점했으며, 성장함에 따라 마루자주새우의 비율은 감소하는 반면, 분홍갯가꼬마새우의 비율은 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 개체당 평균먹이생물의 개체수는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 중량은 크기군이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 계절별 먹이생물 조성 변화를 분석한 결과, 여름과 가을에 생이하목 새우류를 주로 섭식했으며, 생이하목 새우류 중에서 여름에는 마루자주새우, 가을에는 마루자주새우와 분홍갯가꼬마새우를 주로 섭식했다. The diet composition of Tanaka’s snailfish, Liparis tanakae were collected by bottom trawl net in the Yellow Sea of Korea during 2022 (April, August, October, and November). The size of the specimens ranged from 3.8 to 52.2 cm in total length. L. tanakae were primary consumed caridea shrimps (Crangon hakodatei, Eualus spathulirostris, etc.) and specialist feeder mainly consumed caridea shirmps (C. hakodatei). The L. tanakae’s trophic level is 3.63. Caridea shrimps were the primary prey items for all size groups (<20 cm, 20~30 cm, 30~40 cm, ≥40 cm). The proportion of E. spathulirostris has increased as the body size of L. tanakae increased, whereas the proportion of C. hakodatei decreased gradually. As the body size of L. tanakae increased the mean weight of prey per stomach (mW/ST) tended to increase significantly (One-way ANOVA, P<0.05). The caridea shrimps were the primary prey items throught all seasons. In summer, the main prey items were the C. hakodatei, however, in autumn, the proportion of C. hakodatei decreased while the proportion of E. spathulirostris increased.

형태 및 분자 특징에 의한 한국산 꼼치(Liparis tanakae)의 집단 구조

명세훈,반태우,김진구 한국수산과학회 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Tanaka's snailfish, Liparis tanakae (Gilbert and Burke, 1912), is distributed throughout the coasts of Korea. To clarify the population structure of L. tanakae, we analyzed the morphological and genetic variation among individuals sampled from three localities surrounding the Korean peninsula: Boryeong in the Yellow Sea, Jinhae in the Korea Strait and Pohang in the East Sea. Principal component analysis based on 20 morphometric characteristics revealed two slightly distinct groups (Boryeong vs. Jinhae and Pohang). However, canonical discriminant analysis clearly revealed three groups, separated according to locality. Pairwise differentiation index (FST) comparisons based on 762-base pairs mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences showed that Boryeong significantly differed from Jinhae and Pohang, but Jinhae and Pohang did not significantly differ from each other. Our findings suggest that Korean L. tanakae comprise at least two groups. Further studies using more sensitive DNA markers, such as microsatellite DNA, are required.