Effects of Brief Smoking Cessation Education with Expiratory Carbon Monoxide Measurement on Level of Motivation to Quit Smoking

최원영,김철환,이옥규 대한가정의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.34 No.3

Background: Smoking rates among Korean adult males is still high despite multifaceted efforts to reduce it. In Korea, there have been several studies on the effectiveness of smoking cessation education for inpatients, health check-ups, and smoking cessation clinics. However, there haven’t been any studies on the effectiveness of smoking cessation education conducted outside the hospital. This study investigated effectiveness of brief education on smoking cessation with an expiratory carbon monoxide (CO) measurement outside the hospital among adult male office-workers in Korea. Methods: From April 1st to May 10th, 2012, we conducted a controlled trial among 95 adult male office workers over the age of 19 who smoke outside, in a public place in Seoul by cluster sampling. For the education group, we provided smoking cessation education for about 5 to 10 minutes, measured the expiratory CO level, and made the subjects complete questionnaires, while only self-help materials on quitting smoking were given to the control group. After 4weeks, we evaluated the change in the level of motivation or success to quit smoking in both groups via e-mail or mobile phone. Results: In the education group, the level of motivation to quit smoking was improved significantly. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of improved motivation to quit smoking in the education group was 28.10times higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Brief education on smoking cessation with expiratory CO measurement conducted outside the hospital could enhance the level of motivation to quit smoking.

치과위생사의 금연교육활동에 미치는 영향

문혜수 ( Hye-su Moon ),조혜은 ( Hye-eun Cho ),문상은 ( Sang-eun Moon ),김윤정 ( Yun-jeong Kim ),김선영 ( Seon-yeong Kim ),강현주 ( Hyun-joo Kang ) 한국치위생학회 2021 한국치위생학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate dental hygienists’ knowledge of smoking, attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities, which will serve as fundamental data for developing an effective tobacco cessation education program for dental hygienists. Methods: From 2020-08-17 to 2020-09-05, 184 dental hygienists working at dental clinics and hospitals in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do were surveyed. We performed t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Dental hygienists’ smoking-related knowledge, expert attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities were all high in tobacco cessation education (p<0.05). According to the analysis of the dental hygienists’ knowledge of smoking, attitude toward smoking, and correlation of tobacco cessation education activities, there was a significant amount of correlation (p<0.01). According to the analysis of factors affecting dental hygienists’ tobacco cessation education activities, expert attitudes towards tobacco cessation (β=0.434, p<0.001), tobacco cessation materials (β=0.160, p=0.009), experience in tobacco cessation education while attending school (β=0.152, p=0.010), and attitudes toward tobacco cessation (p<0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study are utilized as fundamental data to develop an effective tobacco cessation education program, factoring in dental hygienists’ attitudes toward tobacco cessation.

보건의료인을 대상으로 한 금연교육모형 개발

김혜경(Hye-Kyeong Kim),김영복(Young-Bok Kim),김명(Myung Kim) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2006 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objecive and Method: Smoking among health professionals has been shown to influence smoking related knowledge, attitude and educational practices in medical setting. And lack of health professionals' efficacy for smoking cessation intervention has been a major barrier to education on smoking too. In this regard, the present study was carried out to introduce and discuss the advanced cases of smoking cessation education for health professionals, and to develop theory-based educational models of smoking cessation for health professionals in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of intervention on smoking in a medical framework. Results: First, major issues of health professionals' smoking cessation intervention were discussed. Discussed issues were smoking prevalence among health professionals, importance of health professionals' roles both as health educators and examples, and health professionals' cognitive dissonance. As advanced cases of smoking cessation education for health professionals, ATOD(Alcohol, Tabacco, and Other Drug problem prevention) developed by US Department of Health & Human Services and the Rx for Change curriculum in California State were discussed. Finally, smoking cessation educational models for health professionals were developed on the basis of social cognitive model and TPB/TTM. Conclusions: For the effective and efficient smoking cessation intervention in medical setting, systematic efforts would be necessary to provide opportunities for ensuring the qualification of health professionals on smoking cessation through an analysis of major issues concerning smoking cessation education for health professional and the development of comprehensive curriculum for smoking cessation.

금연, 자궁암 검진 및 유방암 자가검진에 대한 인쇄매체를 이용한 보건교육의 효과

김인숙,김석범,강복수 韓國保健敎育學會 1998 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To evaluate the impacts of the health education programs including smoking cessation, pap smear and breast self-examination(BSE), a community trial was conducted during one year from December 1996 to December 1997 in Kyongju City. Before health education, a base-line survey was implemented and the target population was allocated randomly to case and control groups. The case and control groups were divided into three categories which were smoking cessation, pap smear and BSE. The series of health education leaflets about anti-smoking, pap smear and BSE were mailed to case group and the evaluation survey was conducted at the end of this trial to compare the change of health related behaviours of case and control groups. Smoking prevalence of case group did not decline significantly after anti-smoking education but the cessation rates of the elderly and low educated were higher than others. The knowledge level of case group on the health risk associated with smoking was higher than that of control group and the willingness of case group to quit smoking was higher than the control group. The case group's compliance with pap smear for cervical cancer was more increased compared to control group after health education. Of the case group, the younger and lower educated women were screened at a higher rate than others. The knowledge level of case group on the risk factors of cervical cancer and how to prevent it was higher than that of control group. Nearly 60 percent of case group reported that the health education leaflet influenced them to have the pap smear. The unscreened cases were highly motivated to get the pap smear test in the future. The BSE practice rate of case group was highly increased after health education compared to control group. The knowledge level of case group on the risk factors of breast cancer and how to practice the BSE was higher than that of control group and the need and value of BSE were well recognized by case group. Nearly 80 percent of case group reported that the health education leaflet influenced them to do BSE. The cases who did not practice BSE were highly motivated to get the pap smear test in the future. In conclusion, the health education through mailing leaflets for BSE is more effective in encouraging the practice of BSE and get the pap shear test. This intervention did not increase smoking cessation rate significantly, and thus multi-displinary approach is required to reduce the smoking prevalence.

담배가격 인상에 따른 청소년의 흡연행태 변화

조경숙 ( Cho Kyung Sook ),윤장호 ( Yoon Jangho ) 한국보건사회연구원 2014 保健社會硏究 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구는 제1차(2005) 청소년 건강행태 온라인 조사 원시자료를 이용하여, 2004년 12월 30일 담배가격 인상 이후 흡연 청소년 6,458명의 흡연 행태가 어떻게 변화했는지를 분석하였다. 이들 중 15.2%(1,029명)가 흡연량을 줄였고, 31.1%(2,008명)가 금연하였으며, 금연 청소년 중 59.7%(1,222명)가 9개월 이후에도 금연을 지속하였다. 다중 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 흡연량 감소에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학년(낮을수록), 아버지의 학력(낮을수록), 학교성적(낮을수록), 흡연시도 시기(늦을수록), 고위험 음주(무), 흡입제 사용(무) 등이었고, 금연에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성(여자), 학년(낮을수록), 어머니 학력(높을수록), 학교성적(높을수록), 흡연시도 시기(늦을수록), 금연홍보노출 (많을수록), 금연교육(유), 고위험 음주(무), 흡입제 사용(무), 우울(무) 등이었다. 금연지속 여부에 대한 다중 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 성(여자), 학년(높을수록), 흡연시도시기(이를수록), 고위험 음주(무), 흡입제 사용(무), 우울(무) 등이 유의한 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 담배가격 인상 이후 흡연자들의 금연에 영향을 미쳤던 금연홍보와 금연교육은 금연지속 수단으로서는 유의하지 않았으며, 우울과 더불어 고위험 음주, 흡입제 사용과 같은 중독관련 물질의 사용경험은 흡연량 감소나 금연뿐 아니라, 금연지속 저해 요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 학교 금연교육 시 음주, 흡입제 등 중독 관련 건강 위해 요인들에 대한 예방교육을 병행한다면 금연교육의 효과를 더욱 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. We analyzed data from the first Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey to examine (1) a change in smoking behavior following a cigarette price increase on December 30, 2014 among 6,458 Korean adolescents who smoked at the time of the price increase, and also (2) factors associated with reduced cigarette consumption, smoking cessation, and continuous abstinence from smoking. Following the price increase, 15% of the study population reduced cigarette consumption, and 31% quit smoking. 60% of the quitters achieved nine months of continuous abstinence from smoking. Findings from a multinominal logistic regression model show that younger grades at school, parental education level, academic performance, smoking attempt at older ages, exposure to anti-smoking campaign, no high-risk drinking, and no inhalants use are positively associated with reduced cigarette consumption and also with smoking cessation. Furthermore, female, older grades at school, smoking attempt at younger ages, no high-risk drinking, no inhalants use, and no depression are significantly associated with continuous abstinence. Anti-smoking campaign and anti-smoking education are associated with cessation, but not with continuous abstinence. In addition, depression, high-risk drinking, use of inhalants appear to deter reduced cigarette consumption, cessation, and continuous abstinence. Therefore, we deduce that preventive education for risky behaviors such as risky drinking and inhalants use, along with anti-smoking education, at school would further potentially positive effects of anti-smoking education.

고등학생 흡연경험에 대한 탐색적 연구

한수진,송낙길 성균관대학교 국정전문대학원 2015 국정관리연구 Vol.10 No.3

This study was conducted of adolescents who are currently smoking to identify the components regarding what smoking mean to them, what attitude parents of the adolescents have toward their smoking, and what the meaning of the current smoking education is to them. this study thus attempted to derive clinical implications by looking at how to prevent them from smoking and how to allow them to cope with smoking. The results are as follows. Smoking motives included curiosity and continued recommendation of friends. Smoking impulses contained because of being alone, after a meal, smoking after friends. All the reasons turned out habitual ones. Starting time for smoking ranged from the fourth grade in their elementary school to the middle school period. As for how to purchase cigarettes. it was found to ask friends who look older than their peers or to buy the ID card. It was investigated that they did not suffer any special difficulties in buying cigarettes. Parents of smoking adolescents responded that most of the parentis told them not to smoke in a sweet voice, scolded them, or punished them. As for if there is any smoker in their family, 16 out of 24 participant answered “Yes.” For adolescents, how to cope with the smoker in their family acted as a factor increasing the incidence of their smoking. Finally, concerning the school life of participants, most of them, 18 out of 24, answered “So so” and “Not satisfied.” 본 연구는 실제로 현재 흡연을 하고 있는 청소년을 대상으로 그들에게 흡연은 어떤 의미를 가지며 어떤 경험을 하고 있는지, 흡연학생들의 부모들의 태도는 어떠한지, 현재 흡연 교육은 청소년에게 어떤 의미인지 등 그 구성요소를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 이는 청소년의 흡연율이 계속 증가하고 있는 추세에서 볼 때 이들에게 흡연 예방 및 청소년 흡연에 대한 대처 방안을 살펴봄으로써 임상적 함의를 도출해 내고자 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 참여자들의 흡연 동기는 호기심과 계속되는 친구들의 권유로 담배를 피우기 시작했으며, 흡연의 충동은 혼자 있을 때, 식후에, 친구가 피우니까, 심심하니까 등 습관적으로 담배를 피우고 있었다. 흡연의 시작 시기는 빠르게는 초등학교 4학년 때 부터 중학교 과정에서 시작되었으며, 또래보다 나이 들어 보이는 친구에게 부탁을 하거나 주민등록증을 사서 담배를 구입하는 것으로 나타났으며, 담배를 구입하는데 특별한 어려움을 겪지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 흡연 청소년의 부모들은 자녀가 담배를 피우는 것을 알았을 때 대부분 말로 타일러서 피우지 말라고 했으며, 혹은 욕을 하거나 때렸다라고 응답했다. 가족 중 흡연자가 있는 경우는 24명 중 16명으로 조사되었다. 청소년들은 가족 안에서 흡연자에 대해 어떻게 대처해 왔는지 여부가 청소년의 흡연빈도를 높이는 요인으로 작용했다. 마지막으로 참여자들의 학교생활에 대해 대부분 그저 그렇다와 만족하지 않는다가 전체 24명 중 18명으로 나타났다.

병원기반 금연중재가 뇌경색 환자의 퇴원 후 12개월 지속 금연율에 미치는 효과

이영훈(Young-Hoon Lee),오경재(Gyung-Jae Oh),한미희(Mi-Hee Han),김규진(Gue-Jin Kim),박현영(Hyun Young Park),김희숙(Hee-Sook Kim),이건세(Kun Sei Lee) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2016 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a hospital-based smoking cessation intervention for increasing continuous abstinence rate from smoking in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: One-hundred and two smokers with cerebral infarction who decided to quit smoking were enrolled in the smoking cessation intervention from December 2012 to February 2015. The smokers underwent six consecutive times of individual intervention with nurse specialist on smoking cessation including education on behavioral modification, counseling for withdrawal symptoms, and anti-smoking advice over a 12-month period. Results: Among the total participants, the continuous abstinence rate from smoking changed from 79.4% at 1 month to 60.8% at 12 months after discharge. The continuous abstinence rate from smoking after 12 months was 88.5% in participants who completed the entire program (6 times), while 51.3% in participants who did not complete the entire program (≤5 times) (P=0.001). After adjustment for general and smoking-related characteristics, complete implementation of hospital-based smoking cessation intervention was significantly associated with continuous abstinence from smoking after 12 months (odds ratio: 5.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.45-24.22). Conclusions: The hospital-based smoking cessation intervention might be effective for smoking cessation in patients with cerebral infarction, especially when the intervention was implemented thoroughly.

< 일반논문 > : 고등학생 흡연경험에 대한 탐색적 연구

한수진 ( Sujin Han ),송낙길 ( Nakgil Song ) 성균관대학교 국정관리대학원 2015 국정관리연구 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 실제로 현재 흡연을 하고 있는 청소년을 대상으로 그들에게 흡연은 어떤 의미를 가지며 어떤 경험을 하고 있는지, 흡연학생들의 부모들의 태도는 어떠한지, 현재 흡연 교육은 청소년에게 어떤 의미인지 등 그 구성요소를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 이는 청소년의 흡연율이 계속 증가하고 있는 추세에서 볼 때 이들에게 흡연 예방 및 청소년 흡연에 대한 대처 방안을 살펴봄으로써 임상적 함의를 도출해 내고자 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 참여자들의 흡연 동기는 호기심과 계속되는 친구들의 권유로 담배를 피우기 시작했으며, 흡연의 충동은 혼자 있을 때, 식후에, 친구가 피우니까, 심심하니까 등 습관적으로 담배를 피우고 있었다. 흡연의 시작 시기는 빠르게는 초등학교 4학년 때 부터 중학교 과정에서 시작되었으며, 또래보다 나이 들어 보이는 친구에게 부탁을 하거나 주민등록증을 사서 담배를 구입하는 것으로 나타났으며, 담배를 구입하는데 특별한 어려움을 겪지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 흡연 청소년의 부모들은 자녀가 담배를 피우는 것을 알았을 때 대부분 말로 타일러서 피우지 말라고 했으며, 혹은 욕을 하거나 때렸다라고 응답했다. 가족 중 흡연자가 있는 경우는 24명 중 16명으로 조사되었다. 청소년들은 가족 안에서 흡연자에 대해 어떻게 대처해 왔는지 여부가 청소년의 흡연빈도를 높이는 요인으로 작용했다. 마지막으로 참여자들의 학교생활에 대해 대부분 그저 그렇다와 만족하지 않는다가 전체 24명 중 18명으로 나타났다. This study was conducted of adolescents who are currently smoking to identify the components regarding what smoking mean to them, what attitude parents of the adolescents have toward their smoking, and what the meaning of the current smoking education is to them. this study thus attempted to derive clinical implications by looking at how to prevent them from smoking and how to allow them to cope with smoking. The results are as follows. Smoking motives included curiosity and continued recommendation of friends. Smoking impulses contained because of being alone, after a meal, smoking after friends. All the reasons turned out habitual ones. Starting time for smoking ranged from the fourth grade in their elementary school to the middle school period. As for how to purchase cigarettes. it was found to ask friends who look older than their peers or to buy the ID card. It was investigated that they did not suffer any special difficulties in buying cigarettes. Parents of smoking adolescents responded that most of the parentis told them not to smoke in a sweet voice, scolded them, or punished them. As for if there is any smoker in their family, 16 out of 24 participant answered "Yes." For adolescents, how to cope with the smoker in their family acted as a factor increasing the incidence of their smoking. Finally, concerning the school life of participants, most of them, 18 out of 24, answered "So so" and "Not satisfied."

Effectiveness of Tobacco Education for Pharmacy Students in Indonesia

Kristina, Susi Ari,Thavorncharoensap, Montarat,Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat,Montakantikul, Preecha,Suansanae, Thanarat,Prabandari, Yayi Suryo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Background: Smoking remains the major preventable cause of death worldwide, especially cancer-related death. Evidence clearly indicates that tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is reduced by smoking cessation. Pharmacists are well-positioned to provide tobacco cessation services an involvement of pharmacists in smoking cessation is encouraged by several organizations. While Indonesia's prevalence of smoking is in the first rank in Asian countries, none of the pharmacy schools in Indonesia are currently offering tobacco-related courses in their existing curricula at present. Our study aimed to develop and to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco education (TE) for pharmacy students in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A 6-hour TE was developed and evaluated using pre-test/post-test with control group design. A total of 137 fifth-year pharmacy students at Gadjah Mada University (GMU), Yogyakarta, were chosen as an intervention group while a total of 105 fifth-year students of Islamic University of Indonesia, (UII) served as the control group. Knowledge, perceived-role, self-efficacy, and ability to perform counseling using the 5A's framework were evaluated. Results: A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in knowledge, perceived-role, and self-efficacy was found in the intervention group but not in the control group. In addition, we revealed that 89.7% of the intervention group were able to perform counseling using 5A's. Conclusions: The developed TE significantly improved student knowledge, perceived-rolse, self-efficacy, and created an ability to perform cessation counseling. Integration of TE education in curricula of Indonesian pharmacy schools nation-wide should be encouraged.

치과위생사의 금연교육에 대한 지식, 태도 및 요구도 조사

정재연 ( Jae Yeon Jung ),이은선 ( Eun Sun Lee ) 한국치위생학회 2016 한국치위생학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and needs of smoking cessation education in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 262 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggido from September 25 to December 31, 2015. Except incomplete answers, 250 data were analyzed using Stata 13.0 program. The questionnaire was adapted and modified from Kim and Yoon and was measured by Likert 3 or 5 point scale. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(6 items), smoking cessation education characteristics of the subjects(4 items), knowledge of smoking cessation education (11 items), attitudes of smoking cessation education(9 items), and needs of smoking cessation education(11 items). Results: Those who said yes in smoking cessation education had higher scores in knowledge (p=0.001), attitudes (p<0.001) and needs of education (p=0.010). Those receiving smoking cessation education higher score in knowledge of smoking cessation education (p=0.017). The dental hygienists working in clinics that practice smoking cessation therapy program tended to have higher level of attitudes toward smoking cessation(p=0.030). The average scores for 11 items to assess knowledge of smoking cessation education and another 11 items to assess the need for smoking cessation education were 2.18±0.40 out of 3 and 4.62±0.49 out of 5, respectively. Conclusions: The smoking cessation education is very important to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and need of smoking cessation in the dental hygienists.