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이은규 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2013 민족문화논총 Vol.53 No.-
The purpose of this study is to analyze the function of Seokdok Ipgyeoch {丷ろ}. The analysis is focused on two points of view; one is that the Seokdok Ipgyeoch text is a translation, and the other is that how the translator use the {丷ろ} in what intension. The results of analysis in the syntactic and text level are as follows;In Korean linguistics point of view, Seokdok Ipgyeoch text is as good as Eonha text So Seokdok Ipgyeoch is classified in three levels, namely lexical, syntactic, text level etc. Expecially {丷ろ} is an cohesive marker which functions in both syntactic and text level. In the syntactic level, {丷ろ} performs as connective ending, which means {丷ろ} has the basic syntactic function as [+connecting], and has function of context relation as [+continue], [+method], [+reason/cause] etc. In the text level, {丷ろ} performs three functions as cohesive marker; ‘integration of the separated proposition’, ‘insertion of contextual meaning’, ‘addition to quotation verb’ etc. Expecially ‘integration of the separated proposition’ function is noticeable because this appears in the Middle and Modern Korean. {丷ろ} is an cohesive marker which is inserted by translator for more perfect Korean text in the generative process of a Korean translation. In the future, it is necessary to study the function of Seokdok Ipgyeoch clusters which work in the text level. So it is possible to describe the generative process of Seodok Ipgyeoch text as a translation. 이 글은 석독 입겿문의 생성 과정에서 번역자가 {丷ろ}를 어떤 의도로 어떻게 사용하는지에 초점을 맞추어, 통사 및 텍스트 층위의 기능을 분석한 것이다. 석독 입겿문은 이두나 음독 입겿에 의한 번역문보다 훨씬 의역성이 높은 텍스트로 우리말다운 면모를 다 갖추고 있기 때문에 텍스트 층위에 기능하는 요소들이 상대적으로 더 많을 개연성이 높다. {丷ろ}는 통사 및 텍스트 층위에서 모두 기능하는 결속 표지로서 응집성과 응결성을 높인다. 통사적 층위에서는 연결어미로서 [+순시적 이음]을 바탕 기능으로 수행하면서, [+계기], [+방법], [+이유/원인] 등의 문맥 의미를 나타낸다. 텍스트 층위에서는 우리말다운 텍스트 생성을 위해, ‘분리된 명제의 통합’, ‘문맥 의미의 삽입’, ‘인용 동사 추가’ 등 결속 표지로서의 역할을 한다. ‘분리된 명제의 통합’ 기능은 중세 국어나 현대 국어에서도 나타나는 것이어서 주목된다. ‘문맥 의미의 삽입’ 기능의 경우 그 정확한 문맥 의미 파악이 이루어져야 한다. {丷ろ}는 입말의 성격, 말엮기 등과 관련지어 분석될 여지도 있다.
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이은규(Eun Gyu Lee) 언어과학회 2004 언어과학연구 Vol.30 No.-
This study examined a semantic function of the verb `sam[삼]-` in the Seokdok Ipgyeoch materials; Hwaeom[華嚴經], Geumgwang [金光明經], Guin[舊譯仁王經], Yuga[瑜伽師地論]. It is sure that the character `三` which appeared in sight in the Hwaso[華嚴經??] was used in Gakpil[角筆] Ipgyeoch materials until the end of 13th century. But in the above four letter Ipgyeoch materials, the verb `sam-` was inscribed by the character `水`. The verb `sam-` have four functions of meaning; [adopt], [make], [for the sake], [cause]. There are three sentence structures which represent [adopt]; `-NP₁乙 NP₂sam-`, `-NP₁乙 以 水 NP₂sam-`, `-NP 乙 - 하 ?? sam-`. In this case the verb `sam-` have a target and result argunrents. It is noticeable that the target argument has objective case `乙` and the result argument has no case mark. This phenomenon is apparently different from the case of the Middle Korean. And the result argument was filled with an abstract noun which is related with the Buddhism. There is every possibility that the sentence structure `~ro(으로) ~ril(를) sam-` which was a typical sentence in the Middle Korean was formed by a grammaticalization of the `-NP₁ 乙 以 水 NP₂ sam-` structure. When the verb `sam-` represents [for the sake], there are two patterns; an adverbial clause `-ぅ/尸 sam` and an derivative adverb ` 水 호`[samo]. The adnominal case mark `ぅ` is combined with [-honoric] noun and `尸` is combined with [+honoric] noun `bosal`[菩薩]. The verb `sam-` in `以 水, 由 水` represents [cause]. The difference between the Hwaso and the other materials is caused by the contents of the materials which are not diachronic changes. It is necessary to compare `sam-` which was used in the letter Seokdok Ipgyeoch materials with the one in the Middle Korean for diachronic description of the verb `sam-`.
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《大方廣佛華嚴經疏 (卷35)》 설독 입겿문의 동사 '삼-'에 대하여
이은규 한국어문학회 2003 語文學 Vol.0 No.81
The purpose of this study is to confmn the ipgyeoch character '三' and to analyze the function of meaning of the verb 'sam-(삼-)' which was used in Daebang gwangbul hwaeomgyeongso (35th volume). The ipgyeoch character '三', is different apparently from the character '(sa, 사)' in the graphic form point of view, and it represents the verb 'sam-(삼-)' which was used in the Old Korean. And it is a sort of 'initial syllable representation (어두 음절 표기)'. The verb 'sam-' is transitive and governs the objective case '-??을)'. But when the verb represent the meaning of 'for the sake(爲함)', it governs the genitive case '??(의). It is supposed that this phenomenon is caused by the feature of meaning [-honoric] of the objective noun. The verb 'sam-' has three function of meaning; [make], [for the sake], [cause]. When the character ,三, combined with Chinese character '爲', the verb 'sam-' represents [make] or [for the sake], and combined with Chinese character '以, 因, 由 ', the verb 'sam-' represents [cause]. When the verb 'sam-' represents [for the sake], there are two different structures; the adverbial clause '衆生?? 爲三[jungsaengui sam, 중생의 삼]' and adverb '爲??[samo, 삼오]. Expecially '爲??[samo, 삼오] was used in desirable sentence. There is a possibility that '由三' is read 'malmuisam-(말�憑�' which is a compound word. The function of meaning [for the sake] remained in the Idu(이두) as like '爲只爲, 爲於爲, 爲乙爲, 爲乎爲' etc. But in the Middle Korean, the verb 'samta' represents only the feature of meaning [make]. In this time, the verb '爲하-' took the place of the function of meaning [for the sake] and the verb "因하-, 지즐-, 말�憑�' also took the place of the function of meaning [cause]. For the diachronic study of the verb 'sam-', it is necessary to analyze the seokdok ipgyeoch and the another transcription with borrowed characters materials.
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