最近 國內 茶 品質審査 分析

천종은(Jong Un Shun),최정(Jeon Choi),천준길(Jun Kil Chun) 한국차학회 2005 한국차학회지 Vol.11 No.3

2004/2005년도 국산 녹차제품에 대해서 시행된 두 차 품평대회를 통하여 관능심사의 결과를 분석, 정리하여 문제점을 도출하여 개선된 관능심사 기준 및 방법의 설정에 기여하고자 하였다. 경주대회(2004)는 관능심사 제품수가 다소 많아 하루에 품평하는데 어려움이 있고, 품평제품은 당년에 생산되어(2004년도) 유통되는 녹차 세작에 국한하였다. 품평기준간 변이계수(2.7~3.6%)나 품평 요원간 변이계수(1.9~4.0%)가 매우 낮았다. 또한 총평점과 녹차에서 맛을 좌우하는 총질소, 유리아미노산 또는 데아닌 함량 등과 유의적인 상관이 인정되지 안하였다. 경주품평에서 가장 높은 관능심사 총평ㅈㅁ을 받은 두 제품의 화학적 특성은 총질소 및 카페인 함량은 공시된 전 제품의 평균치와 비슷하였고, 카테킨 함량은 약간 높았고, 유리아미노산과 데아닌 함량은 다소 낮았으며, 비타민 C 함량은 비슷하였다. 관능심사 총평점은 이 두 제품의 외형, 향기, 탕색, 맛 등이 우수하였다. 2005년도 서울 코엑스에서 시행된 품평대회는 출품수가 15제품이고, 2차에 걸쳐서 심사하였으며, 품평요원도 9명으로 시행하였다. 품평 기준간 변이계수(1차 심사 6.5~9.5%; 2차 심사 5.6~8.5%)나 품평요원간 변이계수(1차 심사 5.6~10.1%; 2차 심사 5.2~109%)가 높은 편이었다. 2차 관능검사결과, 총평점이 가장 높은 제품은 외관, 우린찻잎, 향기, 탕색 및 맛이 다른 제품에 비해 가장 높았고, 비타민 C 함량이 맞은 반면에 카페인과 탄닌함량은 매우 높았다. 출품된 제품 역시 제다업체가 자의적으로 제출하였지만 품질이 다양하지 못한 결점이 있었다. 앞으로 차 품평대회를 통해서 좋은 품평결과를 얻기 위해선 다양한 제품의 품평이 필요하고, 반복 시행 및 예비심사를 통해서 심사기준에 대한 사전 학습 또는 조율이 필요하다고 생각되었다. 아직 우리나라에 객관적이고 통일된 품평기준이 설정되지 않았지만, 차 전문가들의 에비심사를 통해서 학습과 조율을 통해서 보다 더 객관적이고 좋은 품평결과를 얻을 수가 있을 것으로 기대된다. In order to find out problems of sensory evaluation and suggest gook informations for establishing getter criteria for sensory tests in Korean green tea products, the results of two Korean sensory tests performed in 2004/2005 were analyzed. The collected green tea products for sensory test in 2004 were limited within green tea products "Sejag" harvested and processed in 2004. Seven Korean panelists and one Chinese panelist participated in the sensory test. Forty four green tea products were tested in a day at Geongju. The variations(based on CV=1.6~4.0%) among sensory traits, panelists and products were relatively small, and the simple correlation coefficients among total mean of sensory test per each product and chemical components related to tea quality were not significant. The vest two products had the tea quality with the best shape, aroma, liquor color, and taste, and chemical components with relatively high contents of catechins, and low amino acids & theanine. Fifteen green tea products were collected and carried out for sensory tests two times in Seoul with 9 panelists. The variations among sensory traits(CV=6.5~9.5%), panelists(CV=5.6~10.1%) were much higher than those performed at Geongju. According to the second sensory test, the best tea product had the tea quality with the best shape, aroma, liquor color, and aroma, and chemical components with relatively low vitamin C, but much higher contents of tannin and caffeine. If we want to perform better sensory tests in future, we need to have good criteria for sensory evaluation, to have preliminary trained panelists and to test various tea products with several replications.

Multi-Sensory Integration Impairment in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

( Eun Jin Kim ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Although paper-pencil based psychometric tests are the gold standard for diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in liver disease. They take time, and can be affected by age/education level. This study explored sensory integration ability to discriminate cognitive dysfunction in cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-one healthy and cirrhotic patients were recruited. The sensory integration test presents stimuli from two different sensory modalities (e.g., image and sound) with a short time lag, and subject judge which stimuli appeared first. Repetitive tests reveal the subject’s sensory integration capability. Subjects were compared with conventional psychometric tests (paper and computer based), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: Sensory integration capability, the perceptual threshold to discriminate the time gap between an image and sound stimulus, was significantly impaired in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.01) and without MHE (p<0.05). Sensory integration test showed good correlation with conventional psychometric test (NCT-A, r=0.290, p=0.039; NCT-B, r=0.395, p=0.004; DST-B, r=-0.360, p=0.010; ACPT, r=-0.364, p=0.009). Conventional psychometric tests were dependent on age and education level, while the sensory integration test was not affected by demographic factors. The sensory integration test, where a cut-off value for the perceptual threshold was 133.1 ms, recognized patients with MHE at 80% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Conclusions: Sensory integration test showed good correlation with conventional psychometric tests. It showed good ability to discriminate cognitive dysfunction in cirrhotic patients.

한국차에 적합한 신품평기준과 간편채점표의 활용

양원모(Won-Mo Yang) 한국차학회 2005 한국차학회지 Vol.11 No.2

It is important to differentiate Korean tea by establishing the Koreans' differentiated evaluation of tea to overcome the crisis of increasing pressure of foreign tea and to strengthen the international competitiveness of Korean tea. It is natural for Korean's preferred teas to be highly evaluated when we evaluate Korean tea. Since Korean tea consumers value the taste and the balance of taste, flavor and color, the standard score and the ballot for sensory test are designed to focus on them. When teas are evaluated, diversity should be considered because the lose of diversity causes the decrease of competitiveness. Terms of descriptive sensory test is excluded and only the items for evaluate is sorted out and presented to obtain diversity. However in the future we have to develope the new ballot which is based on descriptive sensory test for more accurate sensory test. Since green tea, half fermented tea, and fermented tea have their own uniqueness, the score is differentiated to reflect the uniqueness while the items for sensory test is equalized. The sequence of each items in ballot for test is stated in accordance with testing order. In the case of evaluating color earlier than flavor, change the place of flavor and color in ballot. Also, evaluating appearance later than quality should be considered, since Korean consumers value quality than appearance. Testing scale of each item is marked in five grades-very good, good, average, bad, very bad- or in seven grades-excellent, very good, good, average, bad, very bad, terrible. The score difference between grades is 1 point or 2 points according to the importance of testing items. The soaking time of tea in hot water for sensory test are needed within three to four minutes, for the best reflection of Koreans' preference of mild tea. Further studies of differentiation of score according to the purpose of test, diversification of items of ballot and testing scale, discrimination of testing equipment, and standardization of testing order and instruction are required to improve the precision and reliability of sensory test for Korean tea.

Simple Qualitative Sensory Assessment of Patients with Orofacial Sensory Dysfunction

임영관,김병국,김재형 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2021 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.46 No.4

Purpose: Oral and facial sensation is affected by various factors, including trauma and disease. This study assessed the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with sensory dysfunction and investigated their sensory perception using simple qualitative sensory tests. Methods: Based on a retrospective review of the medical records, we analyzed a total of 68 trigeminal nerve branches associated with sensory dysfunction in 52 subjects. We analyzed the frequency and etiology of sensory dysfunction, and the frequency of different types of sensory perception in response to qualitative sensory testing using tactile and pin-prick stimuli. Results: The inferior alveolar nerve branch was the most frequently involved in sensory dysfunction (88.5%). Third molar extraction (36.5%) and implant surgery (36.5%) were the most frequent etiological factors associated with sensory dysfunction. Hypoesthesia was the most frequent sensory response to tactile stimuli (60.3%). Pin-prick stimuli elicited hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia, and analgesia in 32.4%, 27.9%, and 36.8%, respectively. A significant association was found between the two kinds of stimuli (p=0.260). Conclusions: Sensory dysfunction frequently occurs in the branches of the trigeminal nerve, including the inferior alveolar nerve, mainly due to trauma associated with dental treatment. Simple qualitative sensory testing can be conveniently used to screen sensory dysfunction in patients with altered sensation involving oral and facial regions

특수학교 국민공통 기본교육과정 적용 학생의 학업성취평가 실태와 향후 과제

정동일,오세웅 한국지체.중복.건강장애교육학회 2011 지체.중복.건강장애연구 Vol.54 No.1

The purpose of this study was to present the actual state of an academic achievement test and the suggestions of improvement for students with special needs applied by the national common basic curriculum. Research questions set for the purpose were as follows. First, what is the suitability directions based on the actual state of the academic achievement test for students with special needs applied by the national common basic curriculum who are placed in regular schools or special schools. Second, has the suitability of evaluation administration of the academic achievement test for students in regular schools or in special schools for the hearing or visually impaired been secured? Third, what are the problems in the national level academic achievement tests? Fourth, what are the suggestions of improvement to secure the suitability of the national level academic achievement test for students in special needs?For the purpose of this study, the domestic and foreign literature reviews of the national level academic achievement tests and in-depth interviews were used. As the suggestions of improvement for the academic achievement test of students with special needs applied by the national common basic curriculum, the followings are presented. First, the diverse types of academic achievement tests at the national level should be developed for full integration and extension in the academic achievement test for students in special needs. Second, overall reassessment for the suitability of special guidelines for students with special needs in the college scholastic ability test is required. Third, a model needs to be developed for evaluation accommodation relating to the development of test items in the national level academic achievement test and the college scholastic ability test. Fourth, a base that can apply anytime the standards of the evaluation accommodation of the national level academic achievement test is required in the academic achievement test for students in regular schools or in special schools for the hearing or visually impaired. Fifth,'the law of evaluation integration and accommodation for students in special needs' should be enacted to secure the necessity of evaluation participation and integration for all students in special needs. Sixth, the supporting system of the national level academic achievement test for students in special needs is to be built. Seventh, the law to require re-placement in a certain time after school placement needs to be enacted to increase the integration of students with special needs into regular school curriculum. Last, the increase of the accountability of special education teachers to the results of the academic achievement test is required. 본 연구는 특수학교 국민공통 기본교육과정 학업성취도평가 실태와 향후 과제를 제시하기위한 목적으로 실행되었다. 연구 목적을 해결하기 위해서 첫째, 국가수준의 국민공통 기본교육과정을 적용하고 있는 시각장애·청각장애·지체장애 특수학교와 일반학교에 배치된 특수교육 대상학생의 학업성취도평가 실태에 근거한 적합성 방향은 무엇인가? 둘째, 감각장애특수학교, 일반학교 특수교육 대상학생 학업성취도평가 운영의 적합성은 확보되었는가? 셋째, 국가수준 학업성취도평가에는 어떤 문제점을 가지고 있는가? 넷째, 특수교육 대상학생국가수준 학업성취도평가 적합성 확보를 위한 향후 과제는 무엇인가? 로 설정하여 진행되었다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 해결하기 위해, 국가수준의 학업성취도평가의 국내ㆍ외 문헌과선행연구, 심층면접을 통해 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결론으로, 한국적 상황을 고려하여 국민공통 기본교육과정 적용 특수교육 대상학생 학업성취도평가를 위한 향후 과제를 7가지로 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 지금까지국가수준 학업성취도평가에서 제외되었던 특수교육 대상학생의 평가 참여 의무화가 되고 있는 시점에서 정책연구의 기초자료로서 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

음파진동의자의 복합감각 자극에 따른 신경 인지기능 평가

정지수,최예라,민진영,홍철운,권대규 한국재활복지공학회 2019 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurocognitive function of young adults due to complex stimulation of sonic vibration chair system combined with meditation music and whole body vibration. Subjects consisted of 10 males and females (5 males and 5 females) in 20s. As a method for evaluating the cognitive function of a sonic vibration chair combined with complex sensory stimuli, the accuracy and response time normality test of each test item was performed by means of Shapiro-Wilk Test. Then, we used the corresponding sample t-test if the normal distribution was followed, and Wilcoxon's sign rank test if the normal distribution is not followed to validate the cognitive function evaluation for the acoustic vibration chair combined with the complex sensory stimulus. Accuracy was significantly improved in the visual continuity test, the short-term test, language learning test, and audiovisual response time test. The response time tended to be significantly shortened in the audiovisual response time test. The result of this study suggest that meditation music and whole body vibration can improve attention, memory, and executive function through stimulation of the frontal lobe and right superior parietal lobule. In addition, through the meditation music, the language fluency was improved, and the response to the visual stimulus was greater than the response to the auditory stimulus. 본 연구는 명상음악 및 전신진동운동이 결합된 음파진동의자 시스템의 복합감각 자극으로 인한 청장년층의 신경 인지기능을 평가하고자 한다. 피험자는 20대 남녀 10명(남성 5명, 여성 5명)으로 구성되었다. 복합 감각 자극이 결합된 음파 진동 의자에 대한 인지기능 평가방법으로 Shapiro-Wilk Test.를 이용하여 각 검사항목의 정확도 및 반응시간의 정규성 검정을 우선적으로 수행하였다. 그 후, 정규 분포를 따르는 경우 대응표본 t-검정을 이용하고, 정규 분포를 따르지 않는 경우 윌콕슨의 부호 순위 검증을 이용하여 유효성을 검증하고자 하였다. 정확도는 시각 연속 수행력 검사 및 시각 단기 검사, 언어 학습 검사, 시청각 반응 시간 검사에서 통계적으로 유의미하게 개선되었다. 반응 시간은 시청각 반응 시간 검사에서 유의미하게 단축되는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 명상음악 및 전신진동운동을 이용하여 전두엽 및 오른쪽 상두정소엽 자극을 통한 주의력 및 기억력, 집행 기능 향상이 가능함을 암시한다. 또한 명상음악을 통하여 언어 유창성이 개선되었고, 시각적 자극에 대한 반응 정도가 청각적 자극에 대한 반응정도보다 컸음을 확인할 수 있다.

Sensory evaluation of regular and pectin-coated chicken nugget products prepared bybaking and deep fat frying

Yoon, Hei-Ryeo 이화여자대학교 아시아식품영양연구소 2002 아시아식품영양연구소 개소 30주년 기념논문집 Vol. No.

The purpose of this study was to compare total fat content, moisture content and sensory characteristics of regular and pectin-coated chicken nugget products prepared by baking and deep fat frying. Chicken nuggets were prepared using chicken tenders coated with dry batter flour, batter solution and breading mix. One-half of the nuggets received a coating of a sodium pectate solution. Products were misted with water and frozen for 48 hours prior to preparation by baking or deep fat frying. Triplicate samples of all products were prepared and analyzed. Samples were dried in a vacuum oven at 100℃ and 24mm Hg for 5 hours to determine moisture content. Total fat content was determined by Soxhlet method using Goldfisch apparatus. Sensory tests were conducted using the University Sensory Laboratory and subjects recruited from the student population. Products were rated for likability of appearance, flavor, texture and overall likability by 40 panelists. Statistical significance of sensory results was determined by using a chi-square test. Moisture and fat content of the regular and pectin-coated chicken nuggets prepared by baking were similar. Deep fat frying caused a moisture decrease of 8.9% for the regular nugget and 3.1% for the pectin-coated nugget while fat content increased by 4.5g/100g for the regular product and 2.2g/100g for the pectin-coated product. Sensory tests of the baked products showed that panelists preferred the pectin-coated product over the regular product for flavor and crispness(p<0.05), but not for appearance, mouthfeel and overall likability. Sensory tests of the deep-fat fried products showed no significant preferences for regular or pectin-coated nuggets concerning any of the characteristics. Applying a sodium pectate coating to chicken nuggets appears to be an effective method of lowering fat absorption during deep fat frying. Sensory tests indicated that deep fat fried pectin-coated chicken nuggets are as acceptable to consumers as regular chicken nuggets that have been deep fat fried.

체성감각 훈련과 과제 지향적 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 팔 감각회복에 미치는 영향

서태화(Tae-Hwa Seo),윤영제(Young-Jeoi Yoon),이동우(Dong-Woo Lee) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2018 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.12 No.7

본 연구는 팔의 체성감각 훈련과 팔의 과제 지향적 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 팔 감각회복에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 뇌졸중으로 인해 편마비로 진단받은 환자 총 41명을 대상으로 연구 참여 동의서를 얻은 후 무작위 배분하여 체성감각 훈련군(14명), 과제 지향적 훈련(13명), 대조군(14)으로 나누었다. 체성감각 훈련군과 과제 지향적 훈련군은 기본적인 재활에 더하여 6주 동안 1주일에 3회, 하루 30분씩 훈련을 각각 시행하였다. 팔의 감각 검사는 두 점 구별검사, 온도 감각 역치 검사, 진동 감각 역치 검사, 관절 위치감각 검사를 시행하여 군간 훈련 전과 후의 변화량을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 체성감각 훈련군은 검지손가락 손끝의 두 점 구별검사(p<.05), 어깨관절 수평모음에서 중립으로 재현검사(p<.01)에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 감각회복을 보였다. 과제 지향적 훈련군은 검지손가락 손끝의 두 점 검사(p<.05), 아래팔 외과에서 차가움을 느끼는 역치검사(p<0.05), 아래팔 외과에서 따뜻함을 느끼는 역치검사(p<.05), 아래팔 외과에서 진동을 느끼는 역치 검사(p<.001), 어깨관절 수평모음에서 중림으로 재현검사(p<.01)에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 팔의 감각회복을 보였으며, 또한 아래팔 외과에서 진동을 느끼는 역치검사에서는 체성감각 훈련군보다 유의한 감각회복을 보였다(p<.001). 이상의 결과로 체성감각 훈련과 과제 지향적 훈련은 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 팔 감각회복에 효과적임을 할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 운동 중심의 만성 뇌졸중환자의 중재방법에 감각회복을 위한 체성감감 훈련과 과제 지향적 훈련이 포함되어야 할 것이다. This study aims to investigate the effect of somatosensory training and task-oriented training on sensory recovery of upper limbs in chronic stroke. Consent for participation in the experiment was obtained from 41 patients who had been diagnosed as hemiparalysis due to stroke, and they were distributed randomly to the somatosensory training group(n=14), task-oriented training group(n=13) and the control group(n=14). Subjects in the former two groups performed a daily 30 minute training three times a week for 6 weeks in addition to basic treatments. The assessment of the sensory function of the upper limbs was carried out by two-point discrimination, thermal sensory thresholds, vibration sensory thresholds and joint position sense test. By comparing changes of these parameters before and after training between groups, following results have been obtained. The somatosensory training group showed significant improvement in two-point discrimination(p<.05) and joint position sense test(p<.01) compared to the control group. The task-oriented training group displayed significant improvement in two-point discrimination(p<.05), thermal sensory thresholds(p<.05), vibration sensory thresholds(p<.001) and joint position sense test.(p<.01) compared to the control group. The task-oriented training group displayed significant improvement in vibration sensory thresholds(p<.001) compared to the somatosensory training groups. From these results, The task-oriented training is likely that motion corrections continuously provoked by exercising a task repeatedly have led to the recovery of the sensory of the upper limbs of chronic stroke. Accordingly, it is considered that the task-oriented training that has intergrated impacts on the sensory of the upper limbs will be necessary when devising a treatment plan for chronic stroke in clinic.

뇌성마비아동의 운동조절에 대한 감각통합운동 프로그램의 효과

김현호,황보각,유병국,장창호 한국운동재활학회 2011 JER Vol.7 No.3

This paper presents the effect of sensory-integration motor program on children with cerebral palsy. Five children with cerebral palsy participated in this experiment. Subjects were received the sensory-integration treatment for 45 minutes a day for 6 weeks, exclusive of Saturday and Sunday, which consisted of the stimulations of the vestibular sense, tactile sense and proprioceptive. The effects of the sensory-integration motor program were evaluated by measurements of Tomas test and Degangi-Berk test. The data obtained before and after the treatment were analyzed statistically by using Wilcoxon test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The sensory-integration motor program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their body functional development and basic movement, especially the creeping and the standing(p<0.05). 2. The sensory-integration motro program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their sensory-motor movement(Degangi-Berk test), especially the bilateral integration and the reflex integration(p<0.05).

감각운동통합 프로그램이 뇌성마비 아동의 운동제어에 미치는 영향

장창호 ( Chang Ho Jang ) 한국특수체육학회 2012 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 감각통합 프로그램의 적용이 뇌성마비 아동의 신체기능, 기본운동기능, 그리고 감각운동기능에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지를 실험적으로 알아보는 것이었다. 본 연구는 P시에 소재한 OO장애어린이집에 소속된, 뇌성마비 판정을 받은 10명의 아이들을 대상으로 하였으며 2010년 7월 1일부터 8월 12일까지 6주간 실시하였다. 신체기능 발달 및 기본운동기능의 평가는 기본운동수행검사방법으로, 감각운동영역은 Degangi-Berk Test를 통해 평가하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 대응표본(paired) t 검정으로 검증하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 뇌성마비 아동에 대한 감각통합 프로그램은 신체기능발달 및 기본운동기능에 통계적으로 유의한 향상을 나타났다. 따라서 ``기기``와 ``바르게 서기`` 기능에서 프로그램 실시전과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05). 둘째 뇌성마비 아동에 대한 감각통합 프로그램은 감각운동영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 향상의 결과를 보였다. 특히 양측통합 및 반사통합영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이번 연구 결과를 통해 감각치료 프로그램이 뇌성마비 아동의 신체기능 발달과 기본운동기능, 그리고 감각운동영역에서 프로그램 효과가 있다고 사료된다. 앞으로 연구는 연구대상자의 수를 늘리고 뇌성마비아동의 유형별 운동프로그램효과에 관한 연구가 좀 더 진행되어져야 할 것이다. This paper presents the effect of sensory-motor integration pogram on motor control of children with cerebral palsy. Ten children with cerebral palsy participated in this experiment. Subjects were received the sensory-motor integration treatment for 45 minutes per a day, for 5 days per a week, for 6 weeks, which consisted of the stimulations of the vestibular sense, tactile sense and proprioceptive sense. The effects of the sensory-motor integration program were evaluated by measurements of Tomas test and Degangi-Berk test. The data obtained before and after the treatment were analyzed statistically by using paried t test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The sensory-motor integration program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their body functional development and basic movement, especially the creeping and the standing(p<0.05). 2. The sensory-motor integration program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their sensory-motor movement(Degangi-Berk test), especially the bilateral integration and the reflex integration(p<0.05).