최근 경북지역의 양계농장에서 발생한 salmonellosis의 역학적 특성

오강희 ( Gang Hee Oh ),박노찬 ( No Chan Park ),김영환 ( Young Hoan Kim ),조민희 ( Min Hee Cho ),이준규 ( Jun Kyu Lee ),신상희 ( Sang Hee Shin ),손재권 ( Jae Kwon Son ),정종식 ( Jong Sik Jyeong ) 한국가축위생학회 2000 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the period from November 1998 to November 1999. And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows; 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 8 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 88.0%(22/25) of the total case. 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strairis(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.3%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7. All the strains of S pull orurn were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (Cip), chioramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomvcin(Nm), polvmyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S lyphimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(1(X)%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), hut were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarurn were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km. and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattem(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmFoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LrnPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%), CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc (1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

대전지역 살모넬라증 환아에 대한 임상적 연구(1994~1999년)

전성수,이경일,이형신,김상용,한지환,허재균,황경태,Chun, Jung-Soo,Lee, Kyung-Yil,Lee, Hyung-Shin,Kim, Sang-Yong,Han, Ji-Whan,Her, Jae-Kyun,Whang, Tyung-Tai 대한소아감염학회 2000 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.7 No.2

목 적 : 장티프스와 세균성 위장염의 주된 원인인 살모넬라 병원체는 우리 나라에 토착화되어 있으며 최근 장티프스의 발생 수는 줄고 있으나 살모넬라 위장염은 계속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 살모넬라증 환아의 연도별, 계절별 발생 례를 분석하고 임상양상과 검사실 소견을 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1994년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 6년간 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 소아과에 급성위장관염으로 입원한 환아 중 살모넬라균이 대변에서 배양된 83명의 환아의 입원기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1996년부터 1999년 사이의 발생수는 14~23례로 최근 4년간 증가한 경향을 보였으며 여름철에 45.8%, 가을철 32.5%가 발생하였다. 남아가 48명(57.8%)으로 남녀비는 1.4 : 1을 보였고, 5세 이하가 64명(77.1%)으로 대부분을 차지하였으며 1세 이하의 영아에서 18명(21.7%)이 발생하였다. 임상증상은 설사가 80례로(96.4%) 가장 흔한 증상이었으며 발열(91.6%), 구토(49.4%), 혈변(42.1%), 복통(40.1%), tenesmus(12.0%), 두통(7.2%), 경련(3.6%), 기면(2.45%) 등의 순으로 관찰되었다. 살모넬라균의 혈청학적 아군(serogroup)은 전체 83례 중 A군 0%, B군 41.0%, C군 3.6%, D군 51.8% 및 E군 3.6%이었다. Widal 검사에서 B, C 및 E군 37례에서 O titer 1 : 80 이상은 5례(13.5%), 1 : 320 이상은 1례(2.7%)가 있었으며, D군 36례 중 O titer 1 : 80 이상은 19례(52.7%), 1 : 320 이상은 9례(25.0%)에서 관찰되었다. 항생제 내성율 검사에서 ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole과 chloramphenicol의 내성율은 각각 23.2%, 10.1%와 51.4%로 나타났으며, aminoglycoside계 및 3세대 cephalosporin계에 대한 내성은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 최근 소아 위장염 환아 중 살모넬라 감염이 흔히 관찰되며 특히 학동기 이전의 소아에서 호발하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 장티프스의 정확한 진단을 위해서는 대변 배양검사를 통한 균의 동정이 필요하며, 살모넬라 위장관염의 치료에서 항생제 치료의 적응증을 엄격히 적용하여 다약제 내성균의 발생을 방지하는데 노력해야 할 것이다. Purpose : Salmonellosis including typhoid fever is still prevalent in Korea. Recently it has been reported that the incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis is increasing with a reduction of typhoid fever. We studied the clinical and laboratory features of salmonellosis. Methods : We evaluated the clinical records of 83 patients with salmonellosis who had been confirmed by stool culture from 1994 to 1999. Results : Annual incidence of salmonellosis showed an increasing tendency during recent 4 years. Seasonally, summer(45.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by fall(32.5%). Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. In age distribution, 64 cases(77.1%) were under 5 year-old, and 18 cases(21.7%) were younger than 1 year-old. Clinical features included diarrhea(96.4%), fever(91.6%), vomiting(49.4%), bloody stool(42.1%), abdominal pain(40.1%) and tenesmus(12.0%). In serogroups, there was no group A and group B, group C, group D(including 2 cases of S.typhi) and group E were in 41.0%(34 cases), 3.6%(3 csaes), 51.8%(43cases) and 3.6%(3 cases), respectively. In Widal test, 5 cases(13.5%) and 1 case(2.7%) of group B, C and E(total 37 cases) were observed the O titer above 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. However, in 36 cases of group D, 19 cases(52.7%) and 9 cases(25.0%) were above the O titer 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. Antibiotics resistant rates to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were 23.2%, 10.1% and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion : Salmonellosis has become a common cause of gastroenteritis in children, especially under the pre-school age. Isolation of salmonella is neccessary for accurate diagnosis of gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. A careful attention of the use of antibiotics is needed to reduce the muilti-drug resistant strains.

Mix LPS-ELISA법을 이용한 살모넬라균 복합감염항체 동시 모니터링

이희수,임숙경,우승룡,이유영,김종염,주이석,김종만,Lee, Hee-soo,Im, Suk-kyoung,Woo, Seng-ryong,Yi, You-young,Kim, Jong-yeom,Joo, Yi-seok,Kim, Jong-man 대한수의학회 1998 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

Salmonellosis caused by a number of serotypes of Salmonella is an infectious, acute or chronic, zoonotic disease and characterized by enteritis and diarrhea, septicemia in animal. In these studies we investigated the prevalent serotypes of Salmonella causing animal salmonellosis in Korea and the 71 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated from materials such as mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal samples from slaughtered animal. With the identification test results, the most prevalent serotypes were, in order, S stanley 31 strains (43.7%), S typhimurium 19 strains (26.8%) and S montevideo 11 strains (15.5%), respectively. And we could establish the method for detection of antibodies to broad variety of Salmonella serotypes. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) antigen extracted from Salmonella was more sensitive and specific than outer membrane protein antigen from that for detection of Salmonella antibody by using an indirect ELISA. The optimal concentration of antigen was 100ng/ml of LPS, the dilutions of conjugate and serum were 1 : 1,000~2,000 and 1 : 200~400, respectively. The mix LPS-ELISA which was used by mixing LPS from S typhimurium (group B), S choleraesuis (group C) and S enteritidis (group D) were more rapid and effective than that used LPS from individual strain for detection of Salmonella serogroup O4, O7 and O9 antibody at the same time. We could obtain the high values of optical density ($0.73{\pm}0.32$) by mix LPS-ELISA on the farm which had occurred salmonellosis, but very low values of $0.17{\pm}0.06$ on the negative farm of salmonellosis. So, the mix LPS-ELISA may be used to monitor the serological surveillance for the presence of infection with a number of serotypes of Salmonella and would be useful for prevention and control of salmonellosis in animal.

증례(症例) : 미얀마에서 유입된 Nalidixic acid 내성 살모넬라증 1례

황정환 ( Jeong Hwan Hwang ),이혜수 ( Hye Soo Lee ),이창섭 ( Chang Seop Lee ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2007 全北醫大論文集 Vol.31 No.1

살모넬라증은 S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi, S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Patatyphi A에 의해 열, 복통을 주소로 하는 전신질환이다. Fluoroquinolones은 살모넬라증에 있어서 경구투여 할 수 있는 효과적인 항생제로 알려져 있고, 개발도상국에서 살모넬라증에 대한 주요 치료제로 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 nalidixic acid에 대한 저항성으로 인해 fluoroquinolone에 대한 치료효과가 감소되는 양상을 보이고 있다. 저자들은 ciprofloxacin 치료에 임상적으로 효과적이 못했던, Myanmar에서 유입된 것으로 추정된 nalidixic acid에 대해 내성을 보이는 S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Paratyphi A에 의한 살모넬라증을 경험하였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다. Salmonellosis is a systemic disease characterized by fever and abdominal pain caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi or Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Paratyphi A. Fluoroquinolones are orally administered antimicrobials effective against salmonellosis, which constitute the drugs of choice for the treatment of salmonellosis in developing countries. However, resistance of nalidixic acid-a prototype of quinolone antibiotics-diminishes the value of fluoroquinolones with regard to the treatment of salmonellosis. We experienced a case of nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. Paratyphi A infection imported from Myanmar that was clinically refractory to ciprofloxacin treatment.

2004년 영천시 D 초등학교에서 집단 발생한 살모넬라증

민영선,이환석,임현술,Min, Young-Sun,Lee, Hwan-Seok,Lim, Hyun-Sul 대한예방의학회 2005 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.38 No.4

Objectives : An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred among the student s and staff of D primary school in Yeongcheon-si, 2004. This investigation was carried out to prevent any recurrence of this outbreak and to study the infection source and transmission of the salmonellosis. Methods : The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among 1,205 students and staff members from D primary school about the ingestion of the school lunch and drinking water, and the manifestation of their symptoms. The author examined rectal swabs, the tap water and microorganism cultures, and we also investigated the dining facility and water supply facility. Results : The diarrheal cases were defined as the confirmed cases or the persons who had diarrhea more than one time with symptoms such as fever, vomiting and tenesmus. The diarrheal attack rate was 28.0%. Ingestion of fried bean curd with egg had a significantly high association with the diarrheal attack rate (p<0.05), and the relative risk of the fried bean curd with egg was 10.68 (95% CI=3.88-29.41), as was determined by logistic regression analysis. The bacterial counts in the tap water of the food preparation room and toilet (first floor) exceeded the maximum permissible counts. S. Enteritidis bacteria were only cultured from the fried bean curd with egg of all the supplied foods on September 3, 2004. Conclusions : The major cause of salmonellosis was presumed to be the contaminated bean curd via contaminated tap water due to a water leak of a school water pipe. This contaminated bean curd was under prepared, which allowed the S. Enteritidis to survive and multiply prior to its ingestion.

나트륨 염 복합조성물의 마우스 살모넬라증에 대한 항균 및 치료효과

이여은,이후장,차춘남,박은기,김석 한국식품위생안전성학회 2011 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Salmonellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis that causes self-limited enteritis to fatal infection in animals and food-borne infection and typhoid fever in humans. Multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella spp. has increased over the last several decades and recently causes more serious problems in public health. The present study was investigated bacteriocidal effects of sodium chlorate, sodium azide, sodium cyanide, and sodium salts mixture containing sodium chlorate, sodium azide, and sodium cyanide on infection with S. typhimurium in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and antibacterial effects of sodium salts mixture for murine salmonellosis. In infection assay of S. typhimurium in RAW 264.7 cells, bacterial survival rates within macrophage in all treated groups was significantly reduced comparing to that of the control group with the passage of incubation time. Administration of sodium salts mixture showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected ICR mice. The mortality of mice treated with sodium salts mixture was 70% until 12 days, while that of control mice was 100% until 9 days after S. typhimurium infection. The results of this study strongly indicate that sodium salts mixture has a potency treatment for murine salmonellosis.

Antibacterial effects of Mume Fructus Water Extract against Salmonella typhimurium in Murine Salmonellosis

Won-Chul Jung,Chun-Nam Cha,Hu-Jang Lee 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.5

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of Mume Fructus water extract (MFWE) against murine salmonellosis. At MFWE concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand, bacteria without MFWE had a tendency to proliferate up to 8 h after incubation. Oral administration of MFWE at the dose of 40 mg/ml showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of MFWE-treated mice was 80% at 12 days, while that of MFWE-untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that MFWE has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.

Antibacterial effects of Mume Fructus Water Extract against Salmonella typhimurium in Murine Salmonellosis

정원철,차춘남,이후장 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.5

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of Mume Fructus water extract (MFWE) against murine salmonellosis. At MFWE concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 ㎍/㎖, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand, bacteria without MFWE had a tendency to proliferate up to 8 h after incubation. Oral administration of MFWE at the dose of 40 ㎎/㎖ showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of MFWE-treated mice was 80% at 12 days, while that of MFWE-untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that MFWE has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.

Immunization of pregnant sows with a novel virulence gene deleted live Salmonella vaccine and protection of their suckling piglets against salmonellosis

Hur, J.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.143 No.2

This study was carried out to examine a novel Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) vaccine for protection of suckling piglets against salmonellosis by immunization of pregnant sows using various administration routes. The vaccine strain was constructed by deletion of cpxR and lon from a wild type S. Typhimurium and the S. Typhimurium ΔcpxRΔlonΔasd secreting the B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin were used as a live form of mucosal adjuvant for this study. Pregnant sows were divided into 4 groups of 3 sows apiece. Sows were primed at 8 weeks of pregnancy and were boosted 11 weeks of pregnancy. Group A sows were primed intramuscularly with the formalin-inactivated vaccine and boosted orally with the live vaccine and mucosal adjuvant, group B sows were orally primed with the live vaccine and mucosal adjuvant and boosted orally with live vaccine, group C sows were orally primed with live vaccine and mucosal adjuvant and intramuscularly boosted, and group D sows were primed and boosted with phosphate-buffered saline as controls. Piglets were orally challenged with a virulent S. Typhimurium strain at day 6 after birth. Sows from group A and B had significantly increased IgG levels compared to control group sows (P<0.05), and group C sows had lower IgG levels compared to group A and B sows. Mucosal sIgA and IgG levels in group A and B sow colostrums were significantly increased as compared to those of group D sows (P<0.05). Serum IgG and IgA levels in group A and B piglets were also significantly increased as compared to those of group D piglets (P<0.001). These data suggested that systemic and mucosal immune responses were highly induced by the vaccine candidate, especially when this was administered by both routes of intramuscular-prime and oral booster, and oral prime and booster. Furthermore, clinical signs such as diarrhea and weight loss were not observed after virulent Salmonella strain challenge in group A and B suckling piglets, however, group C (41.7%) and group D (83.3%) piglets suffered from diarrhea. This data suggested that sow immunized by intramuscular-prime and oral booster and oral prime and oral booster with this vaccine candidate effectively protected piglets from salmonellosis.

Antibacterial effects of Mume Fructus Water Extract against Salmonella typhimurium in Murine Salmonellosis

Jung, Won-Chul,Cha, Chun-Nam,Lee, Hu-Jang Korean Society of Environmental Health 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.5

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of Mume Fructus water extract (MFWE) against murine salmonellosis. At MFWE concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand, bacteria without MFWE had a tendency to proliferate up to 8 h after incubation. Oral administration of MFWE at the dose of 40 mg/ml showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of MFWE-treated mice was 80% at 12 days, while that of MFWE-untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that MFWE has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.