Regulatory Oversight of Nuclear Safety Culture and the Validation Study on the Oversight Model Components

Young Sung Choi,Su Jin Jung,Yun Hyung Chung 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

Objective: This paper introduces the regulatory oversight approaches and issues to consider in the course of safety culture oversight model development in the nuclear field. Common understanding on regulatory oversight and present practices of international communities are briefly reviewed. The nuclear safety culture oversight model of Korea is explained focusing on the development of safety culture definition and components, and their basic meanings. Oversight components are identified to represent the multiple human and organizational elements which can affect and reinforce elements of defense in depth system for nuclear safety. Result of validation study on safety culture components is briefly introduced too. Finally, the results of the application of the model are presented to show its effectiveness and feasibility. Background: The oversight of nuclear licensee’s safety culture has been an important regulatory issue in the international community of nuclear safety regulation. Concurrent with the significant events that started to occur in the early 2000s and that had implications about safety culture of the operating organizations, it has been natural for regulators to pay attention to appropriate methods and even philosophy for intervening the licensee’s safety culture. Although safety culture has been emphasized for last 30 years as a prerequisite to ensure high level of nuclear safety, it has not been of regulatory scope and has a unique dilemma between external oversight and the voluntary nature of culture. Safety culture oversight is a new regulatory challenge that needs to be approached taking into consideration of the uncontrollable aspects of cultural changes and the impacts on licensee’s safety culture. Although researchers and industrial practitioners still struggle with measuring, evaluating, managing and changing safety culture, it was recognized that efforts to observe and influence licensees’ safety culture should not be delayed. Method: Safety culture components which regulatory oversight will have to focus on are developed by benchmarking the concept of physical barriers and introducing the defense in depth philosophy into organizational system. Therefore, this paper begins with review of international regulatory oversight approaches and issues associated with the regulatory oversight of safety culture, followed by the development of oversight model. The validity of the model was verified by statistical analysis with the survey result obtained from survey administration to NPP employees in Korea. The developed safety culture oversight model and components were used in the “safety culture inspection” activities of the Korean regulatory body. Results: The developed safety culture model was confirmed to be valid in terms of content, construct and criterion validity. And the actual applicability in the nuclear operating organization was verified after series of pilot “safety culture inspection” activities. Conclusion: The application of the nuclear safety culture oversight model to operating organization of NPPs showed promising results for regulatory tools required for the organizations to improve their safety culture. Application: The developed oversight model and components might be used in the inspection activities and regulatory oversight of NPP operating organization’s safety culture.

Development of a Safe Manipulator using Spring-Clutches

SeongHun Hong,Junho Choi,Woosub Lee,Sungchul Kang,Hyeongcheol Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

For physical safety of a service robot, various safe mechanisms have been studied and developed. Most researches on safety concentrated on safe joint component, and experimental results in situations that the safety component is well-functioned in 1 joint level. In cases of multi-axis, however, there exist many constraints when the safe component is mounted to the multi-axis manipulator, for example, the weight and/or volume of the component, the degradation of the safety performance due to the influence of the gravity as the pose of manipulator. So, it is realistically difficult to develop the manipulator with the safety component. This paper presents a safe manipulator with safety component at each joint to overcome practical limitations. Through experiments of unconstrained and constrained collision, it is shown that a new safe manipulator is mechanically safe.

안전소자를 이용한 유도회로의 점화한계 개선에 관한 연구

이춘하,박민영,지승욱,김충년,이광식,심광렬 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This paper describes that the improved effects on the ignition limit are studied by parallel safety components for propane-air 5.25vol.% mixture gas in low voltage inductive circuits. The experimental devices are used in the IK type spark ignition test apparatus. The improved effects on the ignition limit are respectively obtained as the maximum rising rate of 650%, 1,080% by composing parallel circuits between inductance and safety components (condenser and diode) as compared with dis-connecting inductance with the safety components. The more values of inductance increase the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. This improving method for the ignition limit is not concerned with the safety components. Diode appears to effect greatly better than condenser. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof machines which are applied equipment and detectors used in hazardous areas but also for data for its equipment tests.

자갈궤도의 상태평가를 위한 실험적 연구

최정열,방은영,Choi, Jung-Youl,Bahng, Eun Young 한국안전학회 2018 한국안전학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The degradation and damage of the components for ballasted track could be caused a serious problem for railway safety. Therefore, the integrity evaluation of ballasted track condition is important to ensure and predict that the track safety and track maintenance. Various track components such as rail pad, ballast, sleeper, and rail that are widely used in Republic of Korea and represent a range of physical properties have been selected for this research. In this study, the experimental modal analysis was performed by the non-destructive testing. Modal test results were obtained from the field test and used to assess the condition of the track components. From the field test, the system of ballasted track was found to be simplified as a two-degree-of-freedom(2DOF) dynamic system. The condition of track component was found to directly affect the dynamic response of ballasted tracks. As the results, the dynamic properties of the track component was depend on the track condition and was distributed more roughly and over a wider range than its initial design values. Further, the methodology presented in this study is possible to determine experimentally the fundamental track parameters which are required in the numerical analysis, and also are useful for the safety assessment of track condition.

화장품용 해양치유자원의 안전성 및 품질 비교분석

김병록,최윤희,이학성,정용기 한국피부과학연구원 2019 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: Because of their unique biological and technological properties, the potential of marine resources in cosmetic applications is well recognized. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis to investigate the safety and quality of various potential marine resources for healing and clinical applications were collected from four regions in South Korea: Uljin, Goseong, Wando, and Taean. Methods: A total of seven types of potential marine resources for healing (peat, mud, sea sand, seaweed, black pine, saline ground water, and sea water) and nine types of marine resources for clinical applications (namely, peat, mud, sea mustard, laver, black pine, sea salt, oyster, oyster boiled water, and saline ground water). Following pre-treatment of samples, we used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to detect, chemically analyze, and quantify the concentrations of seven heavy metals and useful components (lead, arsenic, cadmium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) in the marine samples.. Furthermore, a mercury analyzer was employed to detect and evaluate the concentration of mercury, a common ingredient used in skin lightening soaps and creams. Results: Results of the heavy metal analysis confirmed that marine resources for healing and for clinical applications conform to all safety standards of cosmetics at the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Hence, they are suitable for cosmetic applications. However, the lead content of arsenic and peat resources in seaweed was found to be high. In addition, the results of this quality comparison analysis were found to be similar to the control experiments, despite the fact that minor differences were identified between each resource. More specifically, the lead content in peat was increased, whereas the potassium content was decreased. Conclusion: In this study, the comparative analysis of heavy metals and other useful components from four local marine healing resources demonstrated that these resources are both safe and suitable for healing applications. In the future, it is expected that marine resources for healing will be utilized throughout the marine industry through more continuous and systematic research, management and supervision of industries, universities, research institutes, and government policies. 목적: 본 연구에서는 울진, 고성, 완도 및 태안 등 4개 지역에서 채취한 해양치유 가능자원과 임상적용 해양치유자원을 대상으로 안전성과 품질의 적합성을 검증하고자 수행하였다. 방법: 본 연구 소재는 해양치유 가능자원 7종(피트, 머드, 해사, 해조류, 해송, 염지하수 및 해수)과 임상적용 해양치유자원 9종(피트, 머드, 미역, 김, 해송, 소금, 굴, 굴자숙수 및 염지하수)이었다. 채취한 해양치유자원은 시료 전처리 후, 중금속과 유용성분(납, 비소, 카드뮴, 칼륨, 나트륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘 등 7성분)은 유도결합플라즈마분광분석기를 이용하여 분석하고, 특히 중금속 중 수은은 수은분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 중금속 분석 결과는 해양치유 가능자원과 임상적용 해양치유자원이 모두 식품의약품안전처에서 화장품의 안전성 기준에 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 단, 중금속 중 해조류의 비소와 피트의 납 함량이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 품질 비교분석 결과는 각 자원별 차이는 있지만, 대조구와 유사한수준인 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 중금속 및 유용성분 변화량은 일반적으로 함량의 변화는 없었지만, 피트의 납 함량은 증가하였고, 칼륨 함량은 감소하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 4개 지역 해양치유자원에 대한 중금속 및 유용성분 비교분석 결과는 대상자원 모두 안전하고, 해양치유에 적합한 자원으로 확인되었다. 향후, 해양치유자원은 산・학・연・관의 보다 지속적이고 체계적인 연구・관리・감독등을 통하여 해양산업 전반에 걸쳐 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

A Study on the Software Safety Assessment of Healthcare Systems

Olenski, Rafal,Park, Man-Gon Korea Multimedia Society 2015 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.2 No.2

The safety-critical software in healthcare systems needs more and more perceptive excess among human observation and computer support. It is a challenging conversion that we are fronting in confirming security in healthcare systems. Held in the center are the patients-the most important receivers of care. Patient injuries and fatalities connected to health information technologies commonly show up in the news, contrasted with tales of how health experts are being provided financial motivation to approve the products that may be generating damage. Those events are unbelievable and terrifying, however they emphasize on a crucial issue and understanding that we have to be more careful for the safety and protection of our patients.

보행환경요인이 보행안전에 미치는 영향분석

이수민,황기연 대한교통학회 2009 대한교통학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Human walking is essential and important mean of transportation. Pedestrian safety is recently important because accidents often happen while walking. This research is showing that Walking-environmental factors have effect on safety while walking. At first, exact 15 factors and conduct survey in the preceding research. After that, exact 4 important factors through factor analysis. At result of Multiple regression analysis, null hypothesis has proved to be true by satisfying therms which is F-value 9.211 and P-value 0.000. and come to the conclusion that walking-environmental factors influence pedestrian safety. 4 important factors can be listed by below. Pedestrian-road characteristic, landscape characteristic, commercial characteristic, walking characteristics by following influence. Especially, landscape characteristic and pedestrian-road characteristic can be vital factors. 보행은 인간의 기본적이면서 중요한 교통수단이다. 최근들어 보행자 사고와 관련하여 보행안전이 중요시 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보행환경요소가 보행안전에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 선행연구에서 15개의 보행환경요소를 추출하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 요인분석을 통해 4개의 요인을 추출하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과 F-value는 9.211, P-value는 0.000으로 귀무가설이 기각되어 보행환경요인은 보행안전에 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 영향력은 보도특성, 경관성, 상업성, 보행특성의 순으로, 특히 경관성과 보도특성은 유의미한 것으로 분석되었다.

저항을 이용한 프로판-공기 혼합가스의 점화한계 개선에 관한 연구

이춘하,오종용,옥경재,지승욱,이광식,심광렬 한국화재소방학회 2004 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 IEC형 불꽃점화 시험장치를 이용하여 저압 유도회로의 최소 점화한계를 프로판-공기 5.25 Vol.%의 혼합 가스에 대하여 실험적으로 구하였으며, 또한 유도회로의 인덕턴스 L에 안전소자로서 저항을 병렬접속하였을 경우 프로판-공기 5.25 Vol.%의 혼합 가스에 대한 점화한계 개선효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 최소 점화한계는 전류의 크기에 따라 좌우되었다 또한, 전원으로부터 공급되는 에너지는 인덕턴스에 우선 축적되고. 그 초과분의 에너지가 폭발성 가스의 점화원으로 작용하였다. 점화한계 개선효과는 인덕턴스가 300 mH일 때, 최고 330%의 개선효과가 나타났으며 인덕턴스가 클수록 점화한계 개선효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한 병렬로 접속한 저항의 크기가 적을수록 점화한계 개선 효과가 크다. 본 연구결과는 본질안전 방폭형 전기기기의 연구개발을 위한 기본자료로 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 이들 기기의 방폭성능에 대한 시험자료로도 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This paper describes the minimum ignition limits for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gases in low voltage inductive circiuts. The improved effects on the ignition limit are studied by parallel safety components(resistors) for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gas in low voltage inductive circuits. The experimental devices used in this test are the IEC type spark ignition test apparatus. The minimum ignition limits are controlled by the values of current in inductive circuit. Energy supplied from elect source is first accumulated at the inductance, it's extra energy is working as ignition source of the explosive gas. The improved effects on the ignition limit are respectively obtained as the maximum rising rate of 330% by composing parallel circuits between inductance and resistor as compared with disconnecting inductance with the safety components. The more values of inductance increase the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. The less values of resistor the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof machines which are applied equipment and detectors used in dangerous areas but also for datum for its equipment tests.

원전 안전 1등급 기기의 유한요소 탄소성 시간이력 지진해석결과에 미치는 가속도 가진 방법 내 기준선 조정의영향에 대한 예비연구

김종성,박상혁 한국압력기기공학회 2018 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

The paper presents preliminary investigation results for the effect of the baseline correction in the acceleration excitation method on finite element seismic analysis results (such as accumulated equivalent plastic strain, equivalent plastic strain considering cyclic plasticity, von Mises effective stress, etc) of nuclear safety Class I components. For investigation, finite element elastic-plastic time-history seismic analysis is performed for a surge line including a pressurizer lower head, a pressurizer surge nozzle, a surge piping, and a hot leg surge nozzle using the Chaboche hardening model. Analysis is performed for various seismic loading methods such as acceleration excitation methods with and without the baseline correction, and a displacement excitation method. Comparing finite element analysis results, the effect of the baseline correction is investigated. As a result of the investigation, it is identified that finite element analysis results using the three methods do not show significant difference.

A novel approach to bedside pretransfusion identity check of blood and its components: the Sandesh Positive-Negative protocol

Udupi Sandesh,Puri Kriti 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.73 No.3

Background: Blood component mistransfusion is generally due to preventable clerical errors, specifically pretransfusion misidentification of patient/blood unit at bedside. Hence, electronic devices such as barcode scanners are recommended as the standard instrument used to check the patient’s identity. However, several healthcare facilities in underdeveloped countries cannot afford this instrument; hence, they usually perform subjective visual assessment to check the patient’s identity. This type of assessment is prone to clinical errors, which precipitates significant level of anxiety in the healthcare personnel transfusing the blood unit. Hence, a novel objective method in performing pretransfusion identity check, the ‘Sandesh Positive-Negative (SPON) protocol,’ was developed. Methods: A nonrandomized study on bedside pretransfusion identity check was conducted, and 75 health care personnel performed transfusion. The intervention was performed by matching a custom-made negative label with blood component with the positive label of the same patient available at bedside who was about to receive transfusion. Results: In total, 85.3% of the subjects were anxious while performing pretransfusion identity check based on the existing standard practice. After the implementation of the SPON protocol, only 38.7% experienced either mild, moderate or severe anxiety. The overall level of satisfaction also increased from 8.0% to 38.7% and none were dissatisfied. Although only 9.3% were dissatisfied about the existing practice, approximately 70.7% felt the need for a better/additional protocol. Clerical error was not observed. Conclusions: The SPON protocol is a cost-effective objective method that reduces anxiety and increases satisfaction levels when performing final bedside identity check of blood components.