Safety studies on Korean fusion DEMO plant using Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology: Part 2

Oh, Kyemin,Kang, Myoung-suk,Heo, Gyunyoung,Kim, Hyoung-chan Elsevier 2015 Fusion engineering and design Vol.98 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The purpose of this paper is to investigate safety issues using Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology (ISAM) proposed by Generation IV Forum Risk and Safety Working Group (RSWG) for Korean fusion DEMO plant (K-DEMO). In ongoing nuclear energy research such as Generation IV fission power plant (GEN-IV), new methodology based on Technology-Neutral Framework (TNF) has been applied for safety assessment. In this methodology, design and regulatory requirements for safety of nuclear power plants are considered simultaneously. The design based on regulatory requirements can save resource, time, and manpower while maintaining high level safety. ISAM is one of the options to apply TNF in K-DEMO. We have performed safety studies for K-DEMO using Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) and Objective Provision Tree (OPT) which are constitutive part of ISAM. Considering the design phase of K-DEMO, the current study focused on PIRT and OPT for K-DEMO. Results have been reviewed and updated by Korean fusion advisory group after considering the views of specialists from domestic universities, industries, and national institutes in South Korea.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The purpose of this paper is to suggest methodology that can investigate safety issues and provides a case study for Korean fusion DEMO plant. </LI> <LI> The concepts of Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology (ISAM) that can be applied in addressing regulatory requirements and recognizing safety issues for K-DEMO were emphasized. </LI> <LI> Phenomena Identification Ranking Table (PIRT) and Objective Provision Tree (OPT) were performed and updated. </LI> <LI> This work is expected to contribute on the conceptual design of safety features for K-DEMO to design engineers and the guidance for regulatory requirements to licensers. </LI> </UL> </P>

한국사회에서 안전에 관한 심리학 연구의 과제

한덕웅 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 2003 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 Vol.9 No.특

The purpose of this study is to review the previous studies on the safety problems in Korea and to propose a psychological total safety system model. The model consisted of four agents; the government as the safety management agent, the suppliers of safety goods and services, consumer of safety goods and services, and civil movement institutions for safety. It was emphasized that the culture specific social representations of safety and accident have emerged in the course of rapid industrialization process in Korea during last 30 years. We delineated the social representations of the Korean people on safety and accident according to the model. A psychological analysis of drinking and driving behavior was performed as an application of the model. It was emphasized that safety psychologists have to develope and to apply the knowledge and the information from human engineering psychology and applied social psychology on safety and accidents. 최근까지 한국사회에서 각종 대규모 안전사고가 발생한 배경에는 국가에서 지난 30여년간 경제성장과 산업의 발전을 목표로 추구하면서 정책으로 안전체계를 구축하지 못한 문화의 특수성이 있다고 보았다. 이 관점에서 현재 한국사회의 안전체계를 구성하는 주체들의 심리와 행동 특성을 분석하고, 이어서 안전 분야에서 심리학이 기여할 수 있는 영역과 연구 과제를 논의하였다. 먼저 총체안전체계의 관점에서 체계를 구성하는 단위로서 안전관리의 책임을 맡은 정부, 안전상품과 써비스를 생산하여 판매하는 기업, 안전상품과 써비스를 소비하면서 한편으로 공동체의 안전생활 환경에 영향을 미치는 시민들, 그리고 안전을 위한 시민운동 단체를 구별하고 이 네 주체들이 각각 어떤 특징들을 보이는지 살펴보았다. 이 분석을 토대로 한국사회에서 심리학이 안전체계를 구성하는 네 주체들의 안전심리와 행동을 연구하여 개선하는데 응용하는 방안을 모색하였다. 안전에 관한 심리학 연구의 영역들로는 인지심리가 토대가 되어서 인간-기계체계를 다루는 인간공학 연구와 아울러 안전심리와 행동에 관한 사회행동 연구가 기초가 된다고 보았다. 이 연구들을 기초로 여러 전공의 심리학자들이 협력하여 안전체계를 구성하는 정부, 기업, 시민, 시민단체 및 언론에 전문지식과 정보를 만들어서 제공하여야 한다. 그리고 실제로 안전분야에 따라서 각종 기관에서 대중의 태도변화에 활용할 수 있는 홍보 계획과 아울러 각 주체들의 행동변화 계획을 만들어야 할 필요성도 지적하였다. 이 논문의 후반부에서는 도로교통 안전 분야에서 필자가 한국 운전자의 음주운전 행동을 연구한 결과를 예로 들어서 한국사회의 안전체계에 관한 심리학 연구의 전망과 장래 연구의 과제를 논의하였다.

Safety-II and Resilience Engineering in a Nutshell: An Introductory Guide to Their Concepts and Methods

Ham, Dong-Han Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.1

Background: Traditional safety concept, which is called Safety-I, and its relevant methods and models have much contributed toward enhancing the safety of industrial systems. However, they have proved insufficient to be applied to complex socio-technical systems. As an alternative, Safety-II and resilience engineering have emerged and gained much attention for the last two decades. However, it seems that safety professionals have still difficulty understanding their fundamental concepts and methods. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer an introductory guide to them that helps safety professionals grasp them correctly in consideration of their current practices. Methods: This article firstly explains the limitations of Safety-I and how Safety-II can resolve them from the four points of view. Next, the core concepts of resilience engineering and Functional Resonance Analysis Method are described. Results: Workers' performance adjustment and performance variability due to it should be the basis for understanding human-related accidents in socio-technical systems. It should be acknowledged that successful and failed work performance have the same causes. However, they are not well considered in the traditional safety concept; in contrast, Safety-II and resilience engineering have conceptual bases and practical approaches to reflect them systematically. Conclusion: It is necessary to move from a find-and-fix and reactive approach to a proactive approach to safety management. Safety-II and resilience engineering give a set of useful concepts and methods for proactive safety management. However, if necessary, Safety-I methods need to be properly used for situations where they can still be useful as well.

Leading for Safety: A Question of Leadership Focus

Malin Mattson Molnar,Ulrica Von Thiele Schwarz,Johnny Hellgren,Henna Hasson,Susanne Tafvelin 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2

Background: There is considerable evidence that leadership influences workplace safety, but less is known about the relative importance of different leadership styles for safety. In addition, a leadership style characterized by an emphasis and a focus on promoting safety has rarely been investigated alongside other more general leadership styles. Methods: Data were collected through a survey to which 269 employees in a paper mill company responded. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the relative roles of transformational, transactional (management-by-exception active; MBEA), and safety-specific leadership for different safety behavioral outcomes (compliance behavior and safety initiative behaviors) and for minor and major injuries. Results: A safety-specific leadership contributed the most to the enhanced safety of the three different kinds of leadership. Transformational leadership did not contribute to any safety outcome over and above that of a safety-specific leadership, whereas a transactional leadership (MBEA) was associated with negative safety outcomes (fewer safety initiatives and increased minor injuries). Conclusion: The most important thing for leaders aiming at improving workplace safety is to continuously emphasize safety, both in their communication and by acting as role models. This highlights the importance for leadership training programs aiming to improve safety to actually focus on safety-promoting communication and behaviors rather than general leadership. Furthermore, an overly monitoring and controlling leadership style can be detrimental to attempts at achieving improved workplace safety.

객실승무원의 안전지각과 안전행동 향상을 위한 연구: 항공사 안전 분위기를 중심으로

박희정 한국안전학회 2019 한국안전학회지 Vol.34 No.6

This study was conducted to check the cabin crew's safety perception in relation to the airline's safety climate and cabin crew’s safety action and to verify that the safety perception’s mediation effects. The results of the study confirmed that all three factors of the safety climate have a significant impact on safety perception, and among them, safety practice is the most significant. Accordingly, Airlines need to establish a community that enables real-time information exchange for air accidents so that the cabin crew can present real-time examples of safety-related accidents. In addition, it will be necessary to work with external safety agencies to form an active attitude for the establishment of safety procedures in order to prevent recurrence of safety problems while considering the causes of such incidents internally in the event of an airline safety accident. In addition, it was confirmed that safety training was the most significant factor to safety action, among which all three elements of the safety climate had a significant effect on safety action. Therefore, airlines need to expand practical training on aircraft to full-scale safety training to build an immediate resolution for cabin crews in the event of an air accident. In addition, safety training should be established to encourage collaboration among aviation safety-related personnel to participate in safety training together to address aviation safety from a diverse point of view. Safety perception was has a significant effect on safe action. Therefore, airlines should reinforce the airline's safety management system by checking the status of the cabin crew's safety perception extending the level of punishment to the scope of retirement or disqualification to establish a firm awareness of safety. Finally, the safety perception has demonstrated partial mediation effects in relation to the safety climate and safety action. Therefore, the airline needs to improve the duties of the cabin crew that interferes with cabin safety duties. In addition, airlines should utilize advertisements emphasizing that safety is first.

안전교육과 안전생활이 연계된 수능 직업탐구영역 문항 출제 가능성 탐색

함승연 한국기술교육학회 2015 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of development evaluation items for vocational education division in the CSAT through connection of safety education and life safety. Safety education and safety life were emphasized the importance in new 2015 general curriculum and the Ministry of Education created ‘safety life’ subject in the details curriculum. Analysis object range were evaluation items for vocational education division in the CSAT from 2013 to 2014 inclusive. The results were as follows; First, Analysis result of problematic situation, problematic situation of following statement in safety evaluation items were recast in same evaluation elements. Second, Analysis result of evaluation elements, evaluation elements of following statement in safety evaluation items were industry safety contents in national curriculum. Third, Analysis result of needed evaluation items for vocational education division in the CSAT, safety evaluation items to need were ‘daily life’, ‘work life+traffic safety’, ’work life+school safety’, ’work life+home safety’. Forth, making result of safety evaluation items, safety evaluation items were confirmed possibility using problematic situation of ’daily life’, ’work life+traffic safety’, ’work life+school safety’, ’work life+home safety’. 이 연구는 2015 교육과정 총론에서 안전생활 교과를 신설하는 등 최근 안전교육에 관한 중요성이 높아지고 있는 상황에서, 산업안전 내용만을 다루고 있는 대학수학능력시험 출제 문항을 분석해 봄으로써 수능 문항에 안전교육과 안전생활 내용을 연계한 문항 출제 가능성을 탐색해 보는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 문제해결능력을 측정하는 2013년~2014년에 실시된 본수능과 모의평가 문항 중에서 안전과 관련된 문항을 추출하여 문제 상황과 평가 요소의 특징과 경향을 분석하였다. 또한 안전교육과 안전생활 측면에서 출제 문항에 반영되어야 할 문제 상황이나 평가 요소 등을 도출하고 예시로 안전 문항을 개발해 봄으로써 수능 안전 문항에의 적용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제 상황을 분석한 결과, 안전과 관련된 제시문의 문제 상황은 동일한 평가 요소를 측정하더라도 각각 특징을 가지고 다르게 구성되어 있었다. 가장 빈도가 높은 문제 상황은 ‘용접이나 연삭 작업 중에 발생된 불꽃이 정리되어 있지 않은 주변 물체에 튀어 발생된 사고 사례’로 나타났다. 둘째, 평가 내용 요소를 분석한 결과, 교육과정 내에서 제시된 산업 안전과 관련된 내용이 주요 평가 요소로 나타났다. 가장 많이 출제된 요소로는 ‘문제 상황에 적절한 보호 용구를 선택하고 활용하는 능력’으로 방독면, 안전대, 안전모 등이 출제되어 총 8번이 출제되었다. 셋째, 안전교육과 안전생활 측면에서 수능 직업탐구영역 문항에 개발되어야 할 문항을 살펴본 결과, 단일 문제 상황 문항으로는 PS4(일상생활)의 문항 개발이 필요하며, 복합 문제 상황 문항으로는 PS1(직장생활)+PS4(교통안전), PS1(직장생활)+PS4(학교안전), PS1(직장생활)+PS4(가정안전) 등의 문항 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 안전교육과 안전생활이 연계된 문항을 개발한 결과, 교육과정 내의 산업안전에 관한 내용 요소를 평가 요소로 활용하면서도 문제 상황은 생활안전, 교통안전, 가정안전, 학교안전 등 다양한 상황을 활용하여 출제가 가능함을 확인하였다.

한국과 일본의 학교 안전교육 비교 연구(Ⅱ) - 학교 안전교육의 지도내용 및 교육방법을 중심으로 -

유병열,손은혜 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2019 한국초등교육 Vol.30 No.2

This study was a follow-up study of the comparative study of school safety education in Korea and Japan, with the aim of finding significant implications for the improvement, development and practice of school safety education in Korea by comparing the contents of school safety education and guidance methods in both countries. The areas of school safety education are divided into seven safety categories in Korea, and are divided into 25 divisions and 56 groups in particular. In Japan, the areas of school safety education are divided into nine to 10 areas. In addition, health education and school lunch(meals) education are covered in separate areas. Based on these distinctions, both countries have guided school safety education through links to various subjects and extracurricular activities. In order to accomplish the purpose of the study, we compared and analyzed the areas and contents of school safety education in Korea and Japan, as well as teaching contents and teaching strategies and found some important implications. First, in the case of Korea, safety education for tsunamis, radiation and volcanoes is relatively weak compared to Japan, which requires improvement. Second, it is desirable in that the two countries' educational methods habituate students' appropriate behavior regarding safety and ability to practice with a focus on practical training and experience. Third, in Korea, we need to make more efforts to strengthen and stabilize safety education in relation to education. Fourth, in addition to practice and experience, efforts need to be strengthened to deepen intellectual understanding about safety and to enhance thinking and make thoughtful decisions, as well as improve problem=solving skills etc. Finally, it is crucial to encourage students to be more self-directed and creative so they can actively participate in investigating various topics on safety. 본 연구는 한국과 일본의 학교 안전교육 비교 연구(Ⅰ)의 후속 연구로서 양국의 학교 안전교육 내용 및 지도 방법 측면을 중심으로 비교하여, 이를 통해 한국의 학교 안전교육의 개선과 발전 및 실천에 유의미한 시사점을 찾는 데 목적이 있었다. 학교 안전교육의 영역을 한국의 경우 7대 안전으로 구분하 여, 25개의 중분류와 56개의 소분류로 구체적으로 구분되어 나뉘는데, 일본의 경우, 크게 생활 안전, 교통안전, 재해안전으로 구분하여 하위 9~10개의 영역으로 구분하고, 학교 보건교육 및 급식교육을 별도 영역으로 다루고 있다. 이러한 구분을 토대로 양국은 학교 안전교육을 여러 교과와의 연계, 교과 외 활동 등을 통해 지도해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 일본의 학교 안전교육의 영역 및 내용을 비롯하여, 교과별 지도 내용과 지도 방법을 비교하고 분석하였는데, 이를 통해 몇 가지 중요한 시사점 을 찾았다. 첫째, 한국의 경우 쓰나미, 방사능, 화산 등에 대한 안전교육이 일본에 비해 상대적으로 약 하게 구성되어 있어 개선이 요청된다. 둘째, 양국의 교육 방법이 실습과 체험 중심으로 학생들의 안전 한 행동 기능과 실천 능력을 습관화한다는 점에서 바람직하다. 셋째, 한국의 경우 교과 교육과 연계한 안전교육의 강화 및 내실화에 보다 더 노력할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 실습과 체험 방식에 더하여 안전에 관한 지적 이해의 심화와 사고ㆍ판단력, 합리적 의사결정력, 문제해결력 등을 증진하기 위한 노력이 강화될 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 학생들이 스스로 안전에 관한 문제를 찾아 탐구하고 해결하며 개선해 가는 등 학생들의 자기주도적이고 적극적, 창의적인 안전교육 방법들로 발전시켜 가는 노력이 요구된 다. 이상의 시사점을 토대로 앞으로 한국의 학교안전교육이 학교 안팎의 다양한 지원과 연구를 통해 보다 체계화될 것으로 기대된다.

The Key to Sustainable Growth of Airlines: The Safety Orientation of Cabin Crew

Hyungryong Lee,Soyoung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The cabin crew's in-flight work consists of safety and security-related tasks and requires specialized knowledge. With the popularization of air travel, the importance of safety-related work for cabin crew is becom-ing more and more important. Therefore, it is time to consider the work of cabin crew from a safety-oriented point of view and study to clarify the duties of cabin crew. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cabin crew knowledge pursuance on work self-efficacy and safety orientation, and the effect of cabin crew job regulation on work self-efficacy and safety orientation. The mediating effect of work self-efficacy is also verified. Method: The questionnaire, targeting Korean staff working as flight attendant in domestic and overseas airline companies, has been carried out for this study, and on-line questionnaire has been processed as to maximize their participation. In this study, the hypothesis was verified through a structural equation model using 22 observa-tional variables and 4 latent variables whose reliability and validity were confirmed through the evaluation of the measurement. Results: First, both knowledge pursuance and job regulation have a significant effect on the work self-efficacy of airline cabin crew. Second, knowledge pursuance had a significant effect on safety orientation, but job regula-tion had no significant effect on safety orientation. Third, work self-efficacy has a significant effect on safety orientation. Fourth, work self-efficacy is partially mediated in the relationship between knowledge pursuance and safety-orientation of airline cabin crew. Fifth, work self-efficacy is completely mediated in the relationship between job regulation and safety orientation of airline cabin crew, and the mediating effect is statistically sig-nificant. Conclusion: Cabin crew's efforts to continuously acquire and maintain professional knowledge on the overall safety of aircraft and safety for each aircraft type are important factors that enable the professionalism of the cabin crew. Safety knowledge and safety motivation play an important role as antecedent variables for carrying out safety behaviors consisting of safety compliance and safety participation. Proposals for various programs that allow indirect experience of safety-related situations include in-house safety seminars, easy-to-use VR-based safety accident and incident case, and constructive individual feedback. This training method will provide an op-portunity for cabin crew to gain confidence in their ability to respond well to a variety of safety-related accidents and accidents based on their aviation-related safety knowledge.

시민참여를 활용한지역사회 안전지도 구축방안

조민상 한국치안행정학회 2019 한국치안행정논집 Vol.15 No.4

Public-led activities and information provision, including the central government, limit the delivery of on-site information on existing risks and safety. This study attempted to find a way to build a community safety map to improve safety in the community. The way to change is to improve the safety map based on communication and cooperation by utilizing citizen participation. As a result of looking at the data on the safety map, the necessary information was gathered and operated by the related organizations in order to provide safety map. However, there was a difficult limit for citizen participation. Citizens' perception of safety maps is as follows. First, interest in the operation of safety maps was low. Second, it seems that there is a lack of awareness and concern about safety space in the community. Third, the need for the safety map has varied in the needs of citizens, including information provision. The following items should be improved to utilize citizen participation in the safety map. First, expertise and technical skills are needed. Second, the scope and criteria of information provision should be improved. Third, the uniformity of information provision should be improved. Fourth, active education and public relations are necessary for citizen participation. Finally, it is necessary to consider vulnerable groups in using safety maps. 중앙정부를 포함하여 관 주도적인 활동과 정보의 제공은 현존하는 위험 및 안전에 대한 현장 정보를 전달하는데 한계를 보인다. 본 연구는 지역사회의 안전을 개선하기 위하여 지역사회 안전지도를 구축하는 방안을 모색하고자 시도하였다. 변화의 방법으로는 시민의 참여를 활용하여 소통과 협력을 기반으로 한 안전지도를 개선하는 것이다. 안전지도에 관한 자료를 살펴본 결과에 의하면, 안전지도를 제공하기 위하여 관련기관에서 필요한 정보를 종합하여 운영하고 있었다. 그러나 시민이 참여하기에는 다소 어려운 한계가 나타났다. 안전지도에 관한 시민 인식을 분석한 결과로는 첫째, 안전지도에 대한 관심이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 지역의 안전 공간에 대한 인식과 관심이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 안전지도와 관련하여 필요한 사항으로는 정보제공을 포함하여 시민의 요구가 다양하게 나타났다. 안전지도와 관련하여 시민의 참여를 활용하기 위해 개선될 사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문 지식 및 기술력의 확보가 필요하다. 둘째, 정보 제공 대상과 범위 및 참여의 기준이 설정되어야 한다. 셋째, 정보제공의 통일성이 개선되어야 한다. 넷째, 시민참여를 위한 적극적 안내와 홍보가 필요하다. 끝으로 안전지도 이용의 취약 계층에 대한 배려가 필요하다.

Role of Supervisor Behavioral Integrity for Safety in the Relationship Between Top-Management Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, and Safety Performance

Peker, Mehmet,Dogru, Onur C.,Mese, Gulgun Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.2

Background: This study examines whether employee perceptions of supervisor behavioral integrity for safety moderates the relationship between top-management safety climate and safety performance (i.e., safety compliance and safety participation) and the mediated relationships through safety motivation. Methods: Data collected from 389 blue-collar employees were analyzed using latent moderated structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicate that the relationship between top-management safety climate and safety behavior, and the mediating role of safety motivation were replicated. Moreover, the results show that the mediated relationships between top-management safety climate and safety behaviors through safety motivation were stronger for employees who report high supervisor behavioral integrity for safety. Conclusion: The study findings suggest the role of supervisor behavioral integrity for safety in clarifying how the employee perceptions of top-management safety climate transfer to the employee safety behaviors through the motivational pathway.