전문대학의 유지충원율과 취업률에 영향을 미치는 요인

한희진(Hee-Jin Han) 한국교육사회학회 2024 교육사회학연구 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 전문대학 유지충원율 등급별, 취업률 등급별로 전문대학 주요지표의 추이변화를 탐색하는 것과 전문대학의 유지충원율과 취업률에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구문제를 탐색하기 위하여 전문대학 133개교의 2017년부터 2021년까지 대학알리미 공시자료를 상관분석, 분산분석, 회귀분석과 같은 분석방법을 활용하였다. 연구문제를 분석한 결과를 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 전문대학 유지충원율 등급별로 전문대학 주요지표의 추이변화를 탐색한 결과를 살펴보면, 유지충원율 A등급이 학생 1인당 교육비가 2017년부터 2020년까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 정원내 재학생 충원율, 취업률, 학생 1인당 교육비, 전임교원 확보율, 전임교원 연구실적과 같은 지표는 유지충원율 등급별로 통계적으로 유의미한 평균차이를 나타냈다. 전문대학 취업률 등급별로 주요지표의 추이변화를 분석한 결과를 보면, 취업률 A등급이 학생 1인당 중앙정부재정지원수혜액과 전임교원 강의비율은 2017년부터 2020년까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 또, 전임교원 강의비율, 전임교원 연구실적, 학생 1인당 중앙정부재정지원 수혜액과 같은 지표는 취업률 등급별로 통계적으로 유의미한 평균차이를 보였다. 마지막으로 전문대학의 유지충원율과 취업률에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 분석한 결과를 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 전문대학의 유지충원율과 취업률에 공통적으로 대학의 설립유형, 소재지, 학생 1인당 교육비, 전임교원 연구실적이 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 정책적인 제언과 후속연구에 대한 제언을 하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the trend changes of key indicators of junior colleges by retention rate and employment rate, and to analyze the factors affecting the retention rate and employment rate of junior colleges. To explore the research problems, methods such as correlation analysis, variance analysis, and regression analysis were used based on the disclosure data of 133 junior colleges from 2017 to 2021. In summary, when exploring the trend changes of key indicators of junior colleges by retention rate, the A retention rate has continuously increased from 2017 to 2020. And indicators such as the enrollment rate, employment rate, cost of education per student, securing rate of full-time faculty, and research performance of full-time faculty showed statistically significant differences by retention rate. When analyzing the trend changes of key indicators of junior colleges by employment rate, the A employment rate has continuously increased from 2017 to 2020 in terms of the amount of central government financial support per student and the ratio of full-time faculty lectures. And indicators such as the ratio of full-time faculty lectures, research performance of full-time faculty, and amount of central government financial support per student showed statistically significant differences by employment rate. Finally, it was found that the establishment type, location, cost of education per student, and research performance of full-time faculty had a statistically significant impact on both the retention rate and employment rate of junior colleges. Based on these results, policy recommendations and suggestions for follow-up research were made.

국내 프랜차이즈 기업의 지배구조가가맹점 유지율에 미치는 영향

성백순,문성식,김주현 한국프랜차이즈학회 2020 프랜차이징저널 Vol.5 No.3

Legal contract provisions can explicitly create mutually abstract obligations and expectations in trading activities, and the more specific the provisions, the more secure the continuity of the transaction. Relational norms enable cooperative responses to unpredictable situations in the future in anticipation of mutual action. This study empirically analyzed the effect of restraint and cooperation provisions on franchise agreements on the franchise retention rate. Independent variables were derived by defining standards for variables that correspond to forced purchase, monitoring, standardization of business, and business norm and advertising and promotional norm. As a dependent variable, the franchisees retention rate index was used in accordance with the number of franchisees in the franchise disclosure document. As a result of the analysis of a total of 363 samples, the forced purchase and standardization of business provisions corresponding to the restraint in the franchise contract had a statistically significant negative effect on the franchisees retention rate, Monitoring had a positive effect. The business norms, which correspond to the cooperative norms, were found to have a statistically significant positive effect on the franchise retention rate.Through the results of this study, the terms of restraint of forced purchases and standardization of business in the contract decreased the retention rate of franchisees. In addition, it was confirmed that monitoring restraints and business norms increase the retention rate of franchisees. Therefore, the Fair Trade Commission needs to regulate the list of essential items through the implementation of the information disclosure permit system. The franchise headquarters should focus on establishing punishment justification and trust through the implementation of follow-up measures according to the violation of business standardization. 법적 계약조항은 거래 활동에 상호 간 추상적인 의무와 기대를 명시적으로 만들어 조항이 구체적일수록 거래의 연속성을 보장할 수 있으며, 관계적 규범은 상호 행동에 대한 기대로 미래 예측 불가능한 상황에 대한 협력적인 대처가 가능하다. 본 연구는 프랜차이즈 계약서 상의 구속과 협력조항이 가맹점 유지율에 미치는 영향을 가맹계약서와 정보공개서 자료를 통해 실증적으로 분석한 연구이다. 이에 가맹계약서 상 구속 및 협력적 계약조항에 해당하는 영업구속, 필수품목, 모니터링, 영업표준화 그리고 영업규범과 광고판촉규범에 해당하는 변수의 표준을 정의하여 독립변수를 도출하였다. 종속변수로는 정보공개서 상 공시된 가맹점 수 변동에 따라 가맹점 유지율 지표를 활용, 총 363개의 표본을 토대로 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 가맹계약서 상 구속에 해당하는 필수품목과 영업표준화 조항은 가맹점 유지율에 통계적으로 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미친 반면, 모니터링은 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 협력적 규범에 해당하는 영업규범은 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미처 가맹점 유지율에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 계약서 상 필수품목 구속과 영업표준화 구속 조항은 가맹점 유지율을 낮추는 반면, 모니터링 구속과 영업 규범은 가맹점 유지율을 높인다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 공정거래위원회 차원에서는 정보공개서 허가제 시행을 통한 필수품목 리스트에 대한 규제가 필요하며, 가맹본부는 영업표준화에 따른 후속 조치의 시행을 통해 표준화 위반에 따른 처벌 당위성과 신뢰 구축에 중점을 두어야 할 것이다. 한편, 가맹본부별 대안적분쟁해결제도(ADR) 시행은 표면적 분쟁 발생을 낮추는 데에 기여하기 때문에 브랜드 평판 보호와 내부 결속을 위한 자율분쟁조정제도 등의 도입이 필요하다.

Water Temperature and Microplastic Concentration Influenced Microplastic Ingestion and Retention Rates in Sea Cucumber (Holothuria cinerascens Brandt, 1835)

Oladimeji Ayo Iwalaye,Ganas Kandasamy Moodley,Deborah Vivienne Robertson-Andersson 한국해양과학기술원 2021 Ocean science journal Vol.56 No.2

The continuous increases in temperature and microplastic concentration have raised grave concerns worldwide. The influence of water temperature and microplastic concentration on microplastic ingestion and retention rates in Holothuria cinerascens (Brandt, 1835) was investigated. H. cinerascens were sampled by handpicking during low tide from Park Rynie beach on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. They were then cleaned and transported to the control temperature room. Animals were placed in pairs in aerating tanks and acclimated for 48 h. For the exposure experiment, 50, 100, and 150 polyethylene fragments per litre of sizes (0.5–1 mm and 1–2 mm) were added to each tank at varied temperatures (19, 24, 28, and 32 °C) and were left for 48 h and 72 h. Thereafter, animals were transferred to tanks void of microplastics and left to depurate for 48 h for the retention experiment. Microplastic collected from the gut and faecal samples were used to calculate the ingestion and retention rates. Water temperature significantly influenced ingestion and retention rates, while microplastic concentration influenced the ingestion rate only. The highest microplastic particle number/g.h was recorded in high microplastic concentration for both ingestion and retention experiments. Also, the highest microplastic particle number/g.h was obtained at 28 °C in the ingestion experiment. More microplastic particle number/g.h was retained at 19 °C in the ingestion experiment. Ingestion rate increased with increased microplastic concentration, and temperature up to 28 °C and then decreased at 32 °C. More microplastics were retained at high temperature (28 °C) and low temperature (19 °C) at 48 h and 72 h exposure, respectively. Increase in water temperature and microplastic concentration will increase the susceptibility of H. cinerascens to ingest more microplastics from their natural habitat.

기업의 사회적 책임활동과 사내유보이익, 현금보유율, 현금배당 간의 관련성에 대한 연구 -물류 유통기업을 중심으로-

임대규 ( Dae Kyu Lim ),최영문 ( Young Moon Choi ) 한국유통물류정책학회 2021 유통물류연구 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 물류 유통기업을 중심으로 기업의 사회적 책임활동이 기업의 사내유보이익, 현금배당과 연관성을 갖는지 분석하였다. 기업의 사회적 책임활동의 대용치로 경제정의실천연합(경실련)산하 경제정의연구소에서 매년 발표하는 ‘경실련 좋은 기업상’의 경제정의지수(KEJI Index)를 사용하여 기업의 사회적 책임활동이 기업의 사내유보이익과 현금배당에 어떠한 관련성이 있는지 분석하였으며, 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업의 사회적 책임 활동과 기업의 사내유보이익의 관련성에서 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 보였다. 이는, 사회적 책임활동이 적극적인 기업일수록 사내유보이익이 더 높음을 의미한다. 사회적 책임 활동이 적극적인 기업은 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 사내유보이익은 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 선행연구의 결과와 유사하게 기업의 사회적 책임 활동은 사내유보이익과 관련성이 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이 같은 분석결과는 기업의 사회적 책임활동과 사내유보이익은 관련성이 없을 것이라는 연구가설 1을 지지하지 못한다. 둘째, 기업의 사회적 책임활동과 기업의 현금보유율의 관련성에서는 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 현금보유율과 기업의 사회적 책임활동과는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 분석결과는 기업의 사회적 책임활동과 현금보유율은 관련성이 없을 것이라는 연구가설 2를 지지한다. 셋째, 기업의 사회적 책임활동과 기업의 현금배당의 관련성에서는 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 이 같은 분석결과는 기업이 기업의 사회적 책임 활동을 위한 투자지출과 주주의 가치를 극대화하기 위한 배당지급의 판단은 경영자가 판단해야 할 경영의사결정으로 서로 대체재로 고려하지 않고 있음을 의미하며 상호간에 직접적으로 연관되지 않음을 시사한다. 또한 사내유보이익은 관련성 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 현금보유율, 현금배당에서는 관련성 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 기업의 사회적 책임활동의 대용치의 지표에 따라 선행연구와 서로 다른 분석 결과를 보이고 있다. 이는 기업의 사회적 책임활동의 지표에 대해 공통적인 선정 방식을 지속적으로 연구할 필요가 있음으로 판단된다. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the entity’s social responsibility activities relate to the entity’s in-corporate retained earnings, cash retention rates and cash dividends. To examine this specifically, the Economic Justice Index (KEJI Index) released annually by the Economic Justice Institute under the Korea Economic Justice Union (KEF) as a substitute for corporate social responsibility activities were analyzed as follows. First, an entity has shown a statistically significant positive relationship between its social responsibility activities and the entity’s in-house benefits. This shows that companies with more in-house profits are more active in corporate social responsibility activities. Companies with active social responsibility activities have a positive impact on corporate value, and short-term in-house benefits suggest that corporate social responsibility activities are related to in-house profits, just like results that have a positive impact on corporate value. Second, the relevance of the entity’s social responsibility activities to the entity’s cash holding rate showed no statistically significant relevance. Consequently, it was found that the cash holding rate was not relevant to the entity’s social responsibility activities. However, entities with active social responsibility activities have shown a decrease in cash retention rates. This suggests that companies that actively engage in corporate social responsibility activities, as shown in previous studies, are also decreasing their cash retention rates due to the decrease in asymmetric information. Third, the relevance of the entity’s social responsibility activities to the entity’s cash dividends also showed no statistically significant relevance. The analysis suggests that an entity’s assessment of investment expenditure for corporate social responsibility activities and dividend payments to maximize shareholder value are not considered alternatives to management decisions to be made by management.

하천고수부지 수질정화 자유수면인공습지의 초기운영단계 인제거

양홍모 ( Yang Hong Mo ) 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Phosphorous removal rate and emergent plant growth were examined of a surface-flow constructed treatment wetland system, whose dimensions were 31 meter in length and 12 meter in width. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in one and half months from May to June 2001. Cattails(Typha angustiflora) were transplanted in the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju Stream were funneled into it via a pipe by gravity flow and its effluent were discharged back into it. The stems of cattails grew from 45.2 cm in July 2001 up to 186 cm in September 2001 and the number of cattail stems per square meter increased from 22 in July 2001 to 53 in September 2001. The early establishment of cattails was good. Volume and watersquality of inflow and oufflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Mow averaged 40 ㎥/day and hydraulic retention time was about 1.5 days. The concentration of total phosphorous in influent and effluent was 0.85 ㎎/L, 0.41 ㎎/L, respectively. The average removal rate of total phosphorous in the system was about 52% The retention efficiency was slightly lower, compared with that in surface-flow wetlands operating in North America, whose retention efficiency was reported to be about 57% The lower abatement rate could result from the initial stage of the system and inclusion of two cold months into the six-month monitoring period. Root rhizosphere in wetland soils and l litter-soil layers on bottoms were not properly developed. Increase of standing density of cattails within a few years will establish both root zones and substrates beneficial to the removal of phosphorous, which may lead to increase of the phosphorous retention rate. The system was submerged one time by heavy storm during the monitoring period. The inundation, however, scarcely disturb its environment.

임금근로자의 고용안정성 변화와 결정요인 분석

김기덕,김재환 한국취업진로학회 2019 취업진로연구 Vol.9 No.4

Job stability affects everything from entering and retiring the labour market. If job is perceived to be unstable, the labor supply is surplus to the relatively stable primary labor market, which is a major cause of job mismatching. A decline in job stability would also affect the efficient design of pension plans supported by employers and governments. The concept of job stability is so important, but the related research is minimal. This study analyzed changes in job stability of wage workers through a two-year job retention rate. The analysis showed that the two-year job retention rate increased 11.9%p from 60.3% in 2003-2005 to 72.2% in 2015-2017. This increase in job stability is also seen in most classes. Gender differences have narrowed considerably as women's job stability has improved more than men. By age, unlike in the 30s and above, there was no significant increase in job stability in the 20s. In the industrial classification, wholesale and retail trade and accommodation and food service activities, and the elementary workers in the occupations, show the largest increase in job stability. As a result of analyzing the factors influencing the two-year job retention rate, the factors of significant influence regardless of the change in time were the initial tenure, obligational benefits and organizational commitment. As the level of organizational commitment increases by one level, the probability of job retaining another two years increases dramatically. Although the impact was low at 4.67% in 2015-2017 compared to 7.08% in 2003-2005, it was confirmed that it still had a great influence compared to other factors. As a result, strict legal compliance is required for the provision of obligational benefits such as paid vacation, and in particular, the commitment to the organization can affect not only the intention to turnover but also actual turnover. 고용안정성은 노동시장의 입직에서 퇴직까지 전 과정에 걸쳐 영향을 미친다. 고용이 불안정하다고 인식되면, 상대적으로 안정적인 1차 노동시장으로 노동공급이 과잉되어 고용 미스매치의 주요 원인으로 작용된다. 또한 고용안정성의 감소는 고용주 및 정부가 지원하는 연금제도에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 고용안정성의 개념은 이처럼 중요한 의의를 갖지만 관련 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구는 2년 고용유지율을 통해 임금근로자의 고용안정성 변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과 2년 고용유지율은 2003~2005년 60.3%에서 2015~2017년 72.2%로 11.9%p 증가하였다. 이와 같은 고용안정성 증가는 대부분의 계층에서도 확인된다. 남성보다는 여성의 고용안정성이 많이 개선되면서 성별에 의한 차이는 상당히 좁혀졌다. 연령의 경우 30대 이상과는 다르게 20대에서는 뚜렷한 고용안정성 증가가 나타나지 않았다. 산업에서는 도소매숙박음식업, 그리고 직업에서는 단순노무직에서 고용안정성이 증가하였다. 2년 고용유지확률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 시간의 변화와 관계없이 유의미한 영향력을 미치는 요인으로 초기근속기간과 법정 복리후생, 그리고 조직몰입으로 나타났다. 조직몰입의 경우 1수준 증가할 때 추가적인 2년을 고용유지할 확률이 급격하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 2003~2005년의 7.08%에 비해 2015~2017년 4.67%로 영향력은 낮아졌지만, 다른 요인에 비해 여전히 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 결국 유급휴가 등의 법정 복리후생이 제대로 제공될 수 있도록 엄격한 법 준수가 요구된다고 볼 수 있으며, 특히 조직에 대한 몰입은 이직 의도뿐 아니라 실제 이직에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Analysis of Various Influences and Factors on Academic Persistence of Cyber University Students

Lee, Ho Seub,Lee Suk Yoel 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.10

Since the establishment of cyber universities in South Korea in 2001, there have been high societal expectations for these new institutions of higher learning. However, as the dropout rate for cyber universities is higher than standard four-year universities, matters of quality control are increasingly becoming an issue. This study analyses the factors that influence the expansion and maintenance of student numbers in cyber universities. Of the four-year cyber universities that conferred bachelor's degrees in 2013 and 2014, 17 universities were selected in analyzing the factors influencing academic continuity of cyber university students. This study analyzed cyber universities’ offline study halls and study support facilities’ locations, the level of university recognition, the rate of expanding teacher facilities, scale of enrolled students, level of competitiveness for university entrance for freshmen students, cost of education per student, scholarships per student, and the proportion of lectures appointed to full-time faculty against the enrollment rate of new students, the proportion of standard high school graduates which indicates the academic continuity of the freshmen enrollment rate, and the enrollment rate of the entire student body and dropout rate. The results show that the level of competitiveness for university entrance for first year students and the proportion of lectures appointed to full-time faculty are factors with a positive effect, with the level of competitiveness for university entrance for first year students having the greatest influence. Such analysis results show that the factors related to the decision making when students select a university have a significant effect on cyber universities' enrollment and continued learning, suggesting that after enrollment, academic experience has a relatively small influence on continued learning. Therefore, there is a need for cyber universities to improve the quality of learning and teaching as well as increase the information available to students for students to choose cyber universities. There is a need for these two policy directions to be promoted simultaneously to improve the relevancy of programs offered by and demanded of cyber universities.

돈분의 2단계 혐기발효시 산생성 단계에서의 유기물 부하율과 체류시간에 따른 휘발성지방산의 생산량

김범석,이상락,맹원재 한국축산환경학회 1998 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.4 No.2

It is known that the anaerobic fermentation of organic matter (OM) is divided into 2 phases, acidogenic phase in which OM is digested into volatile fatty acid (VFA), and methanogenic phase where the produced VFA is converted to CH4 and CO2. In a natural fermenting procedure, these 2 phases occur at the same time. However the total production of end products (methane) may be limited if these 2 phases occur at the same time. This is believed to be due to the difference in growth rate, substrate-utilizing efficiency and favorable environment for each microbes (acidogens and methanogens), involved in each phase. It is therefore suggested for the maximum recycling of organic waste (such as animal waste) through providing 2 different steps in fermenting procedure, acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase, in each case the activity of involved microbes can be maintained at the maximum level. The results obtained from these experiments are summarized as follows : The loading rates of swine waste were made through 2.5, 5 and 10 gVS / l / d to identify its acidogenic fermenting character in this study. The VFA yield was maximized at 10 gVS / l / d of loading rate. On the basis of this study was executed to identify the optimum HRT of 1, 2 and 4 days at 10 gVS / l / d of loading rate in acidogenic phase. The maximum VFA yield was obtained at 1 days of HRT.

선천성 코눈물관폐쇄에서 코눈물관내 실리콘관삽입술의 수술성공률에 영향을 미치는 요인

박지현,이용주,김성주,장재우,Jihyun Park,Yong Ju Lee,Sung Joo Kim,Jae Woo Jang 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Purpose: To determine the factors affecting the outcome of silicone intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: A total of 233 eyes of 200 children that received silicone intubation were enrolled in a retrospective study. Results: The overall success of silicone intubation was 193 of 233 eyes (82.8%). There was no significant difference in success rate between age groups. Tube retention time did not affect the success rates. Immediate tube dislocation as early as within 2 weeks did not lower the success rates (81.5%). Success rates were significantly lowered by persistent epiphora at the point of tube removal (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The outcome of silicone intubation is determined by symptomatic improvement, which is not affected by tube retention time. Unplanned early tube dislocation may not affect the outcome of silicone intubation unless symptoms are persistent, and sufficient tube retention time does not ensure the success if symptoms are persistent. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(3):266-271

CI-STEP: Transforming the Calculus Course to Increase STEM Graduates

( Jeffrey Xavier Watt ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2013 No.2

The Central Indiana STEM Talent Expansion Program at IUPUI, funded by NSF, is creating an Indiana pipeline and a university culture change to increase the number of students obtaining STEM degrees. The project addresses initiatives for transforming undergraduate education, targeted at retention and persistence, which resulted in increasing the number of graduates by 10% per year for 4 consecutive years. This paper focuses on transformations in calculus to lower the DFW rate and increase the first-year retention rate. Initiatives include activity-based recitations to transform a standard lecture format course into an active learning format, which increased final exam scores.