Proposal to enhance the fairness of judges

( Misuk Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to enhance fairness and professionalism of referees through identifying a status and problem of domestic referee operation. Acquisition of fairness and professionalism of referees makes transparent circumstances in sports and contribute to normalization on it as well. Method: Survey and discussion with experts were conducted in this study. Survey contains training, regulation, and activity related to operation of referees. In case of global practices, the implication has been derived from U.S., Canada. Result: Three pillars of sports events can be considered as athlete, coach, and referee. The referee judges the rule of competition, decides the outcome of the game with leading sports competition. But the recent biased judgement, match fixing, lack of expertise and bad call by a referee were brought up continuously. And, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korean Sport Olympic Committee have planned normalization for operation of referee by providing detailed measures. Conclusion: A Suggestion for strengthening the referee``s fairness and expertise is as follows. First, we have to consider developing and operating automation system of referee assignments, introducing evaluation system and appraisal system of referee, adoption of promotion and relegation, strict restrictions on referee with biased judgment, the principle of non-intervention between Sports Federation and the Referee Committee, modernization of equipment, reinforcement of reward and punishment in order to strengthen referee’s fairness. Second, operating permanent referee system for 10 targeting sports and payment of allowance to improve treatment with establishing referee academy, regular mandatory training, training retired athletes as referee, providing opportunity of referee training to the public, required increase of referee activity and training for each sports federation could be considered in order to improve the referee``s expertise. Those systems have helped to create fair sports environment through improvement of referee’s expertise and fair operation of referee activity.

심판의 불법행위책임

최경진 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2011 스포츠와 법 Vol.14 No.3

A sport is a series of activities related with many participants, such as player, referee, coach, sponsor, team, manager and spectators. Until now, most of legal issues has focused on the liability of player or team at the breach of contract. Many papers deals with tort liability for injury to a player caused by other player during the game. However, referee's liability has been hardly issued in Korea. Recently, a fabricated professional game case was a hot issue in Korea. So, this paper looks especially into referee's liability from tort liability. Recovery by tort will be allowed when all requirements for general tort liability under Article 750 of the Civil Code is met. Most requirements for referee's liability are very similar to general one, but concrete duty of care for referee is different. The referee's standard of care is pone of an ordinarily prudent referee under similar circumstances. Details of duty to care are followings: duty to enforce rules, duty to protect participants, duty to warn, duty to anticipate reasonably forseeable dangers and duty to control game. But referee can use defences like assumption of risk or consent. Furthermore, pro league or sport association might be liable for referee's tort if there exists some sort of employment relationship between referee and league or association. In conclusion, referee can be liable for his/her breach of duty to care in sports games. But, it's likely to threaten neutrality of referee, so it is necessary to consider introduction of new liability insurance policy for referee's negligence during game. 최근 심판의 승부조작이 논란이 되면서 심판에게 어떠한 민사책임을 물을 수 있는지가 관심이 되고 있다. 심판은 경기규칙에 따라 경기를 진행하기 때문에 심판의 책임은 대부분 직접 운동경기를 하는 선수들 사이의 인적 손해에 대하여 심판이 어떠한 책임을 지는가가 문제된다. 그리고 승부조작과 같은 예외적인 고의행위로 인하여 발생하는 손해에 대한 책임도 문제된다. 그런데 심판에 대한 책임을 인정하는 경우에도 실제 심판에게서 손해배상액을 받아내기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서 심판과 밀접한 관련을 가지는 협회나 연맹 등에 대하여도 심판의 행위에 대한 책임을 물을 수 있는지도 논의가 필요하다. 이 글은 종래 별로 다루어지지 않았던 운동경기와 관련한 심판의 책임에 대하여 민사상 불법행위책임을 중심으로 논의하였다. 즉, 심판은 운동경기를 감독하고 경기규칙에 따라 적절히 운영할 책임을 가진다. 이러한 책임 하에서 심판은 경기 참가자를 보호하고, 위험을 경고하거나 합리적으로 예견 가능한 위험을 방지할 의무를 가진다. 이러한 주의의무를 해태한 경우에는 민법상 불법행위책임을 부담할 수 있다. 한편, 심판의 자격이나 운영에 대하여는 심판이 등록 또는 소속된 협회나 연맹이 관리·감독하고 있는데, 이러한 양자의 관계를 기초로 심판의 불법행위에 대하여 협회나 연맹이 손해배상책임을 져야 하는지가 문제될 수 있다. 즉, 사용자책임을 인정할 수 있을 것인가의 문제인데, 판례에서 밝힌 것처럼 실질적인 지휘·감독 관계가 존재한다고 인정된다면 사용자책임을 인정하는데 문제가 없을 것이다. 향후 운동경기에서 심판의 중립적인 역할을 담보하고 운동경기 중 발생한 손해로 인한 소송의 위험으로부터 일정 부분 보호하여 스포츠의 발전에 기여하기 위하여 심판의 위험을 사회적으로 분담할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 장기적으로는 심판책임보험제도의 도입을 검토하는 것도 필요하다. 아직 심판의 책임에 대한 연구는 너무나 빈약하기 때문에 향후 보다 깊이 있고 각각의 스포츠 영역 별로 구체적인 연구가 진행되어 스포츠 발전에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

A Study on International Taekwondo Referees` Decisions

정현도 ( Hyun Do Jung ) 대한무도학회 2010 대한무도학회지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 태권도 국제 심판들의 심판 판정에 따른 실태 분석을 통하여 심판의 자질을 향상시키며, 심판판정의 공정성 확보 및 이에 대한 개선책을 모색하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국제심판 85명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집 된 자료는 spss 12.0프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-검정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 심판판정인식에 대해서 소속에 따라 살펴본 결과 외국심판이 한국심판에 비해 공정성(p<.05), 정확성(p<.001)에 대한 인식이 높게 나타났고 전자호구 사용과 심판판정인식의 경우 역시 외국 심판이 한국 심판보다 만족도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.(p<.01) 반면에 심판판정 방향의 경우에는 한국심판이 외국심판보다 더 높게 나타났다.(p<.05) 심판판정을 하는데 가장 장애가 되는 요인으로는 일명 ``오더 게임``이 가장 장애가 된다는 응답이 한국심판에 비해 외국심판에서 높게 나타났다.(p<.01) 전자호구 경기 시 발생하는 문제점에서 경기시간이 많이 지연된다는 응답과 고난도 기술이 우세판정 기준이라고 답한 응답자가 한국심판보다 외국심판이 더 많이 한 것으로 나타났다.(p<.01) 둘째, 연령에 따라 살펴본 결과 연령이 낮을수록 전자호구 사용에 대한 인식(p<.05)과 만족도(p<.01)가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 성별에 따라 살펴보면 우세 판정의 기준으로 가장 적당하다고 생각되는 것에 대해 남자는 선제공격 횟수가 적당하다는 의견과 기술발휘는 더 높게 나타났다.(p<.05) 넷째, 심판자격에 따라 살펴보면 심판판정에 대해 가장 신뢰하지 못하는 집단으로는 학부형 및 관중이라고 응답한 비율이 1급과 3급에 비해 2급이 높은 것으로 나타났다.(p<.05) 심판판정을 하는데 가장 장애가 되는 요인으로는 2급은 경기의 규정의 불합리성이 가장 장애가 된다는 의견이 3급과 1급보다 높게 나타났다.(p<.05) 우세 승 선어에 있어서 주심단독결정과 주·부심 협의 후 결정하는 방법 중 급수가 낮을수록 더 높게 나타났다. (p<.01) The purpose of this study is to enhance referee`s quality, to secure fairness of referee`s decision, and to pursue improvement policy for this, through analyzing the actual status according to referee`s decision in international referees. To achieve this objective, data was collected targeting 85 international referees. The collected data was carried out frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and t-test by using spss 12.0 program. The following conclusions were obtained. First, as a result of examining on recognizing referee`s decision according to membership, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in recognition on fairness(p<.05) and precision(p<.001) compared to Korean referee. Even in case of using electronic protector and of recognizing referee`s decision, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in satisfaction than Korean referee(p<.01). On the other hand, in case of referee`s decision direction, Korean referee was indicated to be higher than foreign referee(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle in referee`s decision, the response as saying that the so-called ``order game`` becomes the most obstacle was indicated to be higher in foreign referee compared to Korean referee(p<.01). In a problem that happens given a game with electronic protector, the response as saying that the game time is much delayed, and the respondents who answered that the technique in high difficulty level is the reference of superior decision, were indicated to be larger in foreign referee than Korean referee(p<.01). Second, as a result of examining according to age, the lower age led to being shown to be higher in the recognition(p<.05) and satisfaction(p<.01) with using electronic protector. Third, examining according to gender, as for what is thought to be the most proper for the standard of superior decision, men were indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that frequency of preemptive attack is proper and in displaying a skill(p<.05). Fourth, examining according to referee`s qualification, as for group that fails to trust the most in referee`s decision, the ratio of having been responded to be parents and audience was indicated to be higher in level 2 compared to level 1 and level 3(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle to referee`s decision, level 2 was indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that irrationality of game regulations becomes the most obstacle than level 3 and level 1(p<.05). In declaring superior victory, the chief referee`s independent decision and a method of deciding after deliberation of the chief referee·assistant referee were indicated to be higher in the lower level. (p<.01)

체육단체 운영의 문제점 및 제도 보완: 대한수영연맹의 심판 운영 사례를 중심으로

조욱연,김미량 한국융합과학회 2022 한국융합과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

연구목적 본 연구는 2019년 대한수영연맹 심판보수교육 이후 전국대회에 배정된 비선수 출신 수영심판을 대상으로 이들의 인식과 경험을 통하여 심판 운영의 문제를 진단하고 효과적인 방안을 제시하려 한다. 연구방법 연구대상자는 심판 참여 경력과 심판 직무 그리고 운영의 전반적인 내용을 이해할 것으로 판단되는 경험자를 대상으로 하였으며, 최종 6명의 연구대상자를 선정하였다. 자료수집은 2019년 2월부터 2020년 1월까지 실시되었으며, 심층 면담을 통한 자료수집과 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 도비선수 출신 수영심판이 인식한 심판 운영은 첫째, 인정받지 못한 지역심판 경력, 둘째, 소외된 비선수 출신 수영심판, 셋째, 국제심판의 자질, 넷째, 지도자와 심판 사이의 경계선으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 심판 운영의 제도적 보완점은 첫째, 지역추천 및 지역심판 시수 인증제, 둘째, 실습 심판 및 연습 심판 활성화, 셋째, 국제심판 추천 단계 강화, 넷째, 전문성을 겸비한 심판 인력 풀(pool) 확대로 나타났다. 결론 체육단체 운영에 있어 공정, 신뢰는 중요한 영역이다. 심판 운영 사례만을 한정하여 체육단체 운영의 문제점 및 제도 보완을 제시하였으나, 공정, 신뢰의 가치에 대한 의미는 결코 축소될 수 없다. Purpose This study aims to identify the problem and improvement plan through their perceptions and experiences by focusing on swimming referees from non-athletes assigned to the national competition after the 2019 Korea Swimming Federation's referee repair training. Methods The subject of the study was the experience of participating in the referee. Six study participants were selected. Data collection was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020, and analyses were performed through in-depth interviews. Result A non-athletic swimming referee recognized the operation of the referee, First, has not been recognized regional referee experience, Second, alienated non-athletic-experienced swimming referees, Third, the qualities of an international referee, and Fourth, it appeared as a boundary line between the coach and the referee. The institutional supplement to the operation of the referee, First, local recommendation and time certification system, Second, practice referee activation, Third, strengthening the international referee recommendation level, and Fourth, expanding the pool of referees with expertise. Conclusion Fairness and trust are essential to sports organizations. Although only the cases of referee operation were presented to suggest the problems and system improvement in the process of sports groups, the meaning of fairness and trust cannot be reduced.

인문,사회과학편 : 축구심판 김화집의 삶

김민철(MinChulKim),정우수(WooSooJung),오현택(HyunTaekOh) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.5

이 연구는 ‘축구 명예의 전당’에 헌액 된 7인 중 한 명인 김화집을 대상으로 축구심판으로서 그의 공로를 추적·평가함으로써 현재의 축구심판들에게 귀감이 될 수 있는 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 생애사 연구법을 적용하였다. 연구대상의 심판활동에 관한 문헌자료 수집 및 주변 인물과의 면담을 통해 수집된 자료를 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 이상의 과정을 통해 얻어낸 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 김화집은 경평전에 세 차례나 출전할 정도의 우수한 기량을 지닌 축구선수였다. 둘째, 김화집은 20대 중반이라는 이른 나이에 체력적 부담 및 개인적 이유 그리고 조선축구협회 출범 등의 다양한 이유로 심판의 길로 들어서게 된다. 셋째, 김화집은 당시 연보전 등의 심판들이 가장 꺼리던 경기에 심판으로 배정될 정도로 엄정하고 강직한 성품을 갖고 있었다. 넷째, 김화집은 FIFA에서 공인한 국제심판으로, 다양한 국제경기에서 심판으로 활동하였다. 다섯째, 김화집은 축구심판의 후진양성을 위한 심판 교육에 많은 공헌을 한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to present a good example to Korean football referee by following-up survey the life story as a football referee of Kim Hwa-Jip who inducted to Korea Football Hall of Fame in 2005. The documentary records that related with his activity as a football referee were collected and this collected data was confirmed by the interview with his family member. The main results of this study were as follow: First, he was an excellent football player that could be selected three times as a member of the Seoul football team. Second, he started his career as a football referee when still young in his mid-20s, because he didn't have enough physical ability as a football player and Korea Football Association that new established in that time attracted him as a central person in referee division. Third, he frequently refereed the big game that had a bitter competition and drew public attention, because he was strictly fair and a man of high integrity that essential quality for referee. Forth, he was an international football referee in Korea who officially approved by FIFA and acted a referee in many international match in those days. Finally, he contributed to the education of referee for cultivating successor by performing a role of a match supervisor and an instructor in referee workshop.

대학배구 심판의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 사용과 이미지가 심판에 대한 신뢰 및 유대감에 미치는 영향

김종흔(Kim, Jong-Heun),김용은(Kim, Yong-Eun),민솔비(Min, Sol-Bi),김준(Kim, Jun) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.6

This study was purposed to empirically investigate the influence of the use of nonverbal communication and the image of volleyball referee perceived by university volleyball players on trust and bond. To do this, 241 participants were selected as sample by using convenience sampling, which is one of the non-probability sampling methods for university male and female volleyball players registered with Korea Volleyball Association in 2018. I conducted exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, One-way Anova, and multiple-regression analysis, using SPSS window Ver. 23 program as data analysis method for a hypothesis test. The results of this study are as follows. First, statistically significant differences were found in nonverbal communication, image, trust, and bond according to demographic characteristics. Second, there was a correlation between nonverbal communication, image, trust, and bond of volleyball referee. Third, the Kinesics and the Paralanguage of nonverbal communication positively influenced the sincerity of trust, and the Kinesics, Paralanguage, and physical appearance of nonverbal communication positively affected the ability of trust, consistency, altruism and openness. Fourth, the Kinesics, Paralanguage, and physical appearance of nonverbal communication had a positive effect on the bond. Fifth, image referee professionalism, referee vocational consciousness, referee role positively influenced the sincerity of trust, image referee attitude, referee professionalism, referee role positively influence the ability of trust. Sixth, image referee attitude, referee vocational consciousness, referee role had a positive effect on bond.

태권도 국제심판의 심판판정 인식에 대한 비교 연구

정현도 ( Hyun Do Jung ) 국기원 2011 국기원태권도연구 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 한국과 외국의 태권도 국제 심판의 심판 판정에 대한 인식을 비교 분석함으로써 태권도가 영구적인 올림픽 종목으로 유지되기 위한 최대의 과제인 심판 판정 공정성 확보를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국제심판 109명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집 된 자료는 spss window v12.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-검정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 심판판정 인식에 대해서 소속에 따라 살펴본 결과 외국 심판이 한국 심판에 비해 공정성(p<.001), 정확성(p<.001), 심판판정 인식 전체(p<.01)에 대한 인식이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 심판판정을 하는데 가장 장애가 되는 요인의 경우 한국 심판은 "판정에 대한 불신", 외국 심판은 "심판의 자질부족"이라는 응답이 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 셋째, 전자호구 사용에 대해서 소속에 따라 살펴본 결과 전자호구의 몸통 득점 정확성(p<.01), 전자호구 사용 만족도(p<.001), 판정이 공정해진 정도(p<.001), 전자호구 사용전체(p<.001) 등 모든 요인에서 한국 심판보다 외국 심판의 인식이 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 심판판정의 바람직한 방향에 대해서 소속에 따라 살펴 본 결과 외국 심판보다 한국 심판이 현행 소청제도를 바꾸어야 한다는 인식이 더 높게 나타났다(p<.05). The purpose of this study is to enhance referee's quality, to secure referee judgment, and to seek improvement plan for this in the end hope for establishing Taekwondo as a permenant event of the Olympics. To achieve this objective, data was collected targeting 109 international referees to analyze the actual condition of referee judgment of Taekwondo. The collected materials were carried out frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and t-test by using spss window v12.0 program. The following conclusions were obtained. First, as a result of examining about the recognition of referee judgment depending on membership, the foreign referees were indicated to be high in awareness of fairness(p<.001), of accuracy(p<.001), and of the whole of recognizing referee judgment(p<.01) compared to Korean referees. Second, in case of a factor, which becomes the most obstacle to making the referee judgment, it was indicated(p<.05) to be high in the response as saying of "distrust in judgement" for Korean referees and as saying of "referee's lack of quality" for foreign referees. Third, as a result of examining about using electronic protector depending on membership, the recognition of foreign referees was indicated to be more positive than Korean referees in all factors such as the accuracy of scoring the trunk in electronic protector(p<.01), the satisfaction with using electronic protector(p<.001), the level that judgment came to be fair(p<.001), and the whole of using electronic protector(p<.001). Fourth, as a result of examining about desirable direction in referee judgment depending on membership, the Korean referees were indicated to be higher(p<.05) in recognition as saying of needing to change the current request system than foreign referees.

태권도 품새 심판의 공정성 향상을 위한 품새 지도자와 선수의 심판판정에 대한 인식 조사

이송학 ( Song Hak Lee ),박종범 ( Jong Bum Park ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

In this study, by analyzing how Poomsae coach&player estimate referee in matches, it was judged to need to grope plans for fairness betterment of Poomsae referee. At first, as a result of comparing recognition`s level for Poomsae referee, referees` quality& attitude&game operation, admiration them, and the satisfaction for referees` judgement showed .300 and less, it showed generally-negative in the recognition for referee. Secondly, as a result of investigating the recognition for the judgement, the average of satisfaction was 2.623±.990, it could be estimated generally-negative. About the question that wrong referee could be happened unavoidably because referee is human, the average was 3.670±.979, on the contrary, about the question that unfair judgement could be happened on purpose, the average was 3.582±1.058. Thirdly, as a result of investigating the recognition for the fairness, it could be estimated totally-negative. And the result, to analyze recognition difference about referees` fairness between coaches and players, only fairness factor of event match & region match, has mindful difference statistically. That is, players think more fairly than coaches, in all the factors. At fourth, as a result of analyzing the recognition for referees` influence, the average of all factors was high, it could be known that the influence of referees-judgement was widely spreaded. On the contrary, about gaining the confidence owing to profitable judgement, it appeared negative. And the result, to analyze recognition difference about referees` influence between coaches and players, the only mental factor has mindful difference. That is to say, all the factors of judgement and mentality showed higher in coaches rather than players.

여성배구심판들의 권력지향과 권력저항 의식: 제3세계 페미니즘 관점을 중심으로

황은지(EunjiHwang),임수원(SuwonLim),권기남(KinamKwon) 한국체육학회 2015 한국체육학회지 Vol.54 No.5

본 연구목적은 배구심판영역에서 여성심판들이 남성심판들과 경쟁하면서 어떠한 차별과 권력을 지향하고 있는 지파악하고, 그 과정에서 여성심판집단들끼리 어떠한 권력저항 의식을 갖고 권력쟁탈전을 벌이고 있는지 제3세계 페미니즘 관점을 통해 살펴보는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 질적 연구 방법을 채택하였다. 연구참여자는 대한배구협회에 등록되어 있는 여성심판 10명을 선정하였다. 자료는 참여관찰, 심층면담, 관련 자료 수집 등을 이용하여 수집하였다. 이러한 연구방법을 통해 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성배구심판들이 받는 성차별은 불합리한 승급과정과 불평등한 경기배정, 남성심판의 보조적 역할로 드러났다. 둘째, 그러한 차별 속에서 갖게 되는 여성심판들의 권력지향은 남성편에 서기와 남성성 모방하기로 나타났다. 셋째, 여성심판집단 내 여성심판들이 갖는 권력저항 의식을 제3세계 페미니즘 관점에서 살펴보면 경쟁우위권 선점, 파벌의 공고화, 사회자본을 통한 저항, 밀어내기로 나타났다. The purtpose of this study was to examined what discrimination between female referee and male referee is in a referee field of volleyball game, and to establish which power female referees aim for in such discrimination and how they have rebellion for authority in power structure of a female referee group. To achieve this purpose, this study performed a qualitative research method. Participants were selectd 10 female referee registered in Korea Volleyball Association. Data was collected by participant observation, In depth interview and collection related data. The results of this study were as follow: First, sexual discrimination between female referee and male referee is an illogical process of promotion, a discriminatory assignment of game, and an accessorial role of male referee. Second, an innate respect for authority of female volleyball referees having in such frame of discriminative structure is siding with man and imitating manhood. Third, the female referee``s power resistance ideal through a third-world feminism``s point of view within the power relations of the female referee growp were preoccupancy of competative advantage, consideration of a faction, resistance through social capital and push.

축구심판의 자기효능감과 심판스트레스가 직무만족과 이직의도에 미치는 영향 - 심판활동여부에 따른 매개효과와 다중집단분석 -

최만식,김성문 한국스포츠학회 2017 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.15 No.3

이 연구는 축구심판의 심판스트레스, 자기효능감, 직무만족과 이직의도 간의 구조적 관계를 규명하는데 있으며, 또한 직무스트레스와 직무만족의 매개효과와 심판활동성에 따른 다중집단 분석을 통하여 심판활동성 여부에 따른 잠재 변수의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 대상은 KFA 등록 축구심판 284명이었으며, 4개의 구조화된 설문지에 응답하였으며, 자료 분석은 기술통계, 신뢰도, 요인, 상관관계, 구조방정식모형 , 매개효과 및 다중집단 분석이 실시되었다. 그 결과는 축구심판의 심판스트레스가 이직의도에 미치는 영향은 비활동 심판보다 활동심판이 유의한 의미가 있었고, 매개변수로서 자기효능감 만이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 이직률을 줄이기 위해서는 우선적으로 자기효능감을 높이기 위한 심 판관리 정책이 요구된다. 이러한 현상은 앞으로 활동심판의 경우 이직을 줄이기 위한 자기효능감 증대 대책마련이 요구 되며, 직무스트레스를 경감시킬 수 있는 축구심판들을 위한 심리기술훈련 프로그램 개발은 물론 연수나 클리닉의 개최 가 필요할 것이라는 시사점을 제공한 것이다. The purpose of this research was to examine the causal relationship among referee stress, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and turnover intention by dividing the active-referee group and the nonactive-referee group, and verify whether self-efficacy and job satisfaction have moderation effects on turnover intention in soccer referee. Data were drawn from 284 soccer referee registered with KFA. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and moderating effect of the referee activity. The results were as follow: First, referee stress was found to be more influential in the active referee group in relation to turnover intention. Also, referee stress influenced turnover intention through self-efficacy. Second, there were no relation between referee stress and turnover intention, and no moderation effects of job satisfaction were found between referee stress and turnover intention. Additionally, the practical significance and possible alternatives to lower the turnover intention in the soccer referees were discussed, and suggestions for future study were provided.