Radial Glial Cells in Neurogenesis and Migration

김현숙,Minjin I. You 국제인문사회연구학회 2023 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.5 No.2

Radial Glial Cells in Neurogenesis and Migration Hyunsuk Kim* & Mi.njin I. You** Abstract: Radial glial (RG) cells play a significant role in central nervous system (CNS) development as they serve as neuronal progenitors and a scaffold for neuronal migration. The role of RG cells in CNS development has evolved with the development of new techniques to study them. This paper reviews the existing literature on RG cells and their neurogenic potential, highlighting the evolution of knowledge on RG cells and insights into their neurogenic potential. The review highlights the use of modern experimental approaches and genetic techniques in attempts to understand the complex and dynamic process of CNS development. Malatesta et al. (2000) used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to observe findings that suggested that RG cells assumed the role of progenitor cells. Later, Yokota et al. (2010) used live-cell imaging to reveal the dynamic nature of RG cells in generating and guiding neurons during cortical development. Meyerink et al. (2021) also acknowledged the role of RG cells in generating neurons and glial cells through cell division and guiding neuronal migration. Despite these insights, the existing understanding of CNS development guided by radial progenitors is imprecise especially after Miranda-Negrón and García-Arrarás (2022) noted the functional heterogeneity and molecular diversity of RG cells and indicated that not all cells contribute to neurogenesis. The paper concludes that clarifying the role of RG cells in regulating cortical development can help determine the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, and technical advancements are facilitating deeper insights about RG cells since the neurogenic potential of RG cells was observed. In conclusion, the review highlights the significance of RG cells in CNS development, and how the evolution of knowledge on RG cells has been driven by the development of new techniques. The insights from this review can be useful for researchers and clinicians working in the field of neuroscience, as a better understanding of RG cells can open up new avenues for research and interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders. Key Words: Radial Glial Cells, Neurogenesis, Migration, CNS, Live-cell Imaging □ Received: Dec. 21, 2023, Revised: Dec. 29, 2023, Accepted: Dec. 30, 2023 * First Author, Assistant Professor, Kunsan College of Nursing ** Corresponding Author, Research Associate, Biomarkers and In Vitro Immunology, HD Biosciences, Email: misabella.you@gmail.com

RNA Binding Protein Rbms1 Enables Neuronal Differentiation and Radial Migration during Neocortical Development by Binding and Stabilizing the RNA Message for Efr3a

Khadija Habib,Kausik Bishayee,강지은,ALISTARE ROBERT SADR,Sung-Oh Huh 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.8

Various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key components in RNA metabolism and contribute to several neurodevelop­mental disorders. To date, only a few of such RBPs have been characterized for their roles in neocortex development. Here, we show that the RBP, Rbms1, is required for radial migration, polarization and differentiation of neuronal progenitors to neurons in the neocortex development. Rbms1 expression is highest in the early development in the developing cortex, with its expression gradually diminishing from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to postnatal day 0 (P0). From in utero electroporation (IUE) experiments when Rbms1 levels are knocked down in neuronal progenitors, their transition from multipolar to bipolar state is delayed and this is accompanied by a delay in radial migration of these cells. Reduced Rbms1 levels in vivo also reduces differentiation as evidenced by a decrease in levels of several differentiation markers, meanwhile having no significant effects on proliferation and cell cycle rates of these cells. As an RNA binding protein, we profiled the RNA binders of Rbms1 by a cross-linked-RIP sequencing assay, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction verification and showed that Rbms1 binds and stabilizes the mRNA for Efr3a, a signaling adapter protein. We also demonstrate that ectopic Efr3a can recover the cells from the migration defects due to loss of Rbms1, both in vivo and in vitro migration assays with cultured cells. These imply that one of the functions of Rbms1 involves the stabilization of Efr3a RNA message, required for migration and maturation of neuronal progenitors in radial migration in the developing neocortex.

금속스텐트의 개발 동향

정인권,지경수,박기동,박헌국,임철수 한국생체재료학회 2003 생체재료학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Stent is a medical device, with a cylinder body, used to induce or maintain patency within a human lumen. Based on their materials, the stents are mainly divided into metallic and tube stents. The metallic stents can also be divided into several groups by certain standards: self-expandable and balloon-expandable stent by expanding method, wire construction and slotted tube stent by manufacturing method, covered and non-covered stent by the existence of cover material, vascular and non-vascular stent by indications for use. The performance of a metallic stent can be evaluated in the following areas: radial force, shortening, anti-migration, radiopacity, flexibility, returning force, introducer outer diameter and pushability of introducer and so on. An ideal stent should have good properties for above areas while providing a long term patency and being removable after the insertion.

Migratory defect of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in developing reeler mice

Woo-Young Kang,Sung-Soo Kim,Sung-Kuk Cho,Soyeon Kim,Haeyoung Suh-Kim,Young-Don Lee 대한해부학회 2010 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.43 No.3

Reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein has an important role in the proper migration and positioning of neurons during brain development. Lack of reelin causes not only disorganized lamination of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex but also malpositioning of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. However, the accurate role of reelin in the migration and positioning of mDA neurons is not fully elucidated. In this study, reelin-deficient reeler mice exhibited a significant loss of mDA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and a severe alteration of cell distribution in the retrorubal field (RRF). This abnormality was also found in Dab1-deficinet, yotari mice. Stereological analysis revealed that total number of mDA neurons was not changed compared to wild type, suggesting that the loss of mDA neurons in reeler may not be due to the neurogenesis of mDA neurons. We also found that formation of PSA-NCAM-positive tangential nerve fibers rather than radial glial fibers was greatly reduced in the early developmental stage (E14.5) of reeler. These findings provide direct evidence that the alteration in distribution pattern of mDA neurons in the reeler mesencephalon mainly results from the defect of the lateral migration using tangential fibers as a scaffold.

의료용 내강확장기(Stent)에 관한 특허분석(1) : 구조에 따른 이동방지특성과 가변성

김진태,최재하 한국특허학회 2009 특허학연구 : 한국특허학회지 Vol.11 No.1

의료용 스텐트는 주로 인체내강에 사용되는 것으로 질병, 외상, 수술 등에 의하여 발생한 장관, 또는 혈관 등의 내강협착 부위에 이식하여 협착부를 치료하는 의료기구이다. 이 스텐트는 자가팽창형과 풍선팽창형으로 분류되며 현재는 일부 병변을 제외하고 대부분 자가팽창형 스텐트가 사용된다. 따라서 반경방향의 팽창력은 매우 중요하며 이런 팽창력은 합금재료의 종류 및 직조방법에 따라 결정된다. 스텐트는 또한 이식된후 협착부의 위치에서 이동되지 않는 안정성 및 변화성 또는 유연성이 요구된다. 본 분석에서는 국내에서 출원일을 기준으로 1995년부터 최근까지 등록된 특허 중 이동되지 않는 안정성 즉, 이동방지특성에 대하여 분석해보았다. Stents is a medical device which is implanted in the body lumen or artery for the treatment of the stenosis caused by diseases, trauma, surgical operation, etc. Stents are classified into two types. The one type is the self expandable type and the other is the balloon expandable type. Nowdays the self expandable stents are generally used gastro-intestinal stenosis. Therefore, the radial expansion force as well as the radial resistance force are very important. Here, the expansion force is decided by the alloys adopted and weaving method. Stents also must have the anti-migration property and changeability or flexibility after implanted. In the present study, the anti-migration property and weaving method were analyzed by use of the patents registered within the country from 1995 to late.