관광 연구에서 질적 연구의 방향성 탐색: 인터뷰 기반 연구를 중심으로

김소혜 한국관광학회 2023 관광학연구 Vol.47 No.1

The qualitative approach encompasses a wide range of methodological viewpoints; consequently, the levels of study conducted vary. This study analyzes qualitative studies in tourism at the methdological level in order to contribute to a better understanding of qualitative research. On papers published in the Journal of Tourism Sciences, a detailed exploration of qualitative research using content analysis was carried out over two phases. In the initial phase, the publication status of qualitative and quantitative studies according to their research strategy and data collection and analysis method was determined. The results demonstrated that interview-based research was utilized most frequently. The second phase identified the level of qualitative approach in the interview-based studies, based on 1) the applied research paradigm, 2) the degree to which trustworthiness was considered, and 3) the evolutionary level based on the development stages of qualitative research. The findings revealed that the papers employing grounded theory or phenomenology used a more advanced level of qualitative approach. A future orientation for qualitative research in the field of tourism was discussed with the results that provided a window into the dynamics of qualitative research. 질적 접근법에는 다양한 방법론적 관점이 담겨있으며, 이에 따라 수행되는 연구의 수준도 다양하다. 이 연구는질적 연구에 대한 이해를 높이는 데 공헌하고자 방법론적 차원에서 관광학 내 질적 연구를 분석하였다. 섬세한 탐색을위해 <관광학연구>에 게재된 논문을 대상으로 단계적 내용분석을 수행하였다. 1단계에서는 연구전략 및 자료의 수집과분석 방식에 따라 질적 연구와 양적 연구의 게재 현황을 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 질적 연구는 양적 연구에 비해 논문수가 압도적으로 적었으며, 질적 연구의 자료 수집 및 분석을 위해 인터뷰가 가장 빈번하게 활용되고 있음을 확인하였다. 2단계에서는 1단계의 결과를 토대로 선정된 인터뷰 기반 논문의 1) 패러다임적 지향성, 2) 연구방법의 신뢰성 고려수준, 3) 질적 연구의 수행 단계를 확인하였다. 분석결과 근거이론 혹은 현상학을 활용한 논문이 보다 발전된 수준의 질적 접근법을 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 질적 연구의 역동성을 보여주는 분석 결과를 토대로 향후 관광학계의 질적 연구의 발전방향에 대하여 논의하였다.

장기구득 면담대화의 기능단계 원형

정연옥,김찬웅,김정선,이정우,박용익 한국텍스트언어학회 2022 텍스트언어학 Vol.53 No.-

Jeoung Yeonok, Kim Chanung, Kim Jungsun, Lee Jungwoo, Bak Yongik. 2022. The structure and procedure of organ procurement interview. Texlinguistics 53. The organ donation as the first prerequisite for organ transplantation is decided through an interview between the family of the brain dead person and the organ procurement coordinator. The efficient conduct of the interview is very important for the positive decision of the family for organ donation. One of the most important conditions for the efficient conduct of the interview is the coordinator's overview of global structure, procedure of the organ procurement interview and communicative acts in the individual phases. This overview allows the coordinator to anticipate, plan and prepare to perform the interview appropriately. The aim of this paper is based on the theory of dialogue grammar and the methods of qualitative research to reconstruct the pattern of dialog phases in the organ procurement interview with the family and to find and systematize the communicative acts in each phase. It was found in this research that the structure and progress of the organ procurement interview dialogue consist of six phases: Beginning phase - Relationship building phase - Preliminary phase - Informing phase - Donation consent phase - Closing phase. The communicative acts which are to perform in the individual phases are also identified and systematized. The pattern of phases of the organ procurement interview allows the coordinator to review and evaluate his own conducted interviews in order to improve the interview skill. This can also be used to train the interviewing skills of inexperienced coordinators.

심층면담 기법으로써 모래이야기면담(Sandplay Narrative Interview)에 대한 방법적 탐구

조희순(Hee soon Cho),조재성(Jae seong Jo) 한국질적탐구학회 2018 질적탐구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 모래놀이를 통한 심리 상담이 어떻게 심층면담의 새로운 기법으로 활용될 수 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 모래이야기면담이 실천되고 있는 현장에서 다양한 질적자료 수집과 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 심층면담으로써 모래이야기면담이 갖는 질적 특징을 드러낼 수 있었다. 모래이야기면담에는 일반적인 심층면담과 구별되는 다섯 가지 특징이 있었 다. 그것은 연구 참여자의 무의식을 탐구하기, 비구조화된 면담 지향하기, 글쓰기와 생애사 탐구하기, 연구자와 연구 참여자가 공동으로 의미 찾기, 연구 참여자의 발달 강조하기였다. 한편, 모래이야기면담을 활용한 결과 그 시사점으로 연구 참여자 진술의 진실성을 검증, 면담에 대한 심리적인 부담 감소, 연구 참여자와 연구자 모두에게 심리적 성숙의 기회를 제공이라는 요소를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 이처럼 모래이야기면담을 통한 질적연구에서 분명한 가능성을 찾을 수 있었다. 특히 유아 및 아동을 위한 상담, 생애전환기 성인을 위한 상담, 노인의 생애사 정리를 위한 상담 등의 주제와 관련하여 모래이야기면담은 유용한 기법들을 제시할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, the theoretical and the substantial investigation were performed on the sandplay narrative interview, one of the techniques of in-depth interview to identify entire processes of sandplay narrative interview and discover the detained characteristics and possibilities. The participants discovered the answers related to the subject of inquiry undergoing the 5 stages of chaos and differentiation, conflict and struggle, realization, reconciliation and application, and exploration of life histories. Through the research process, the five characteristics of the sandplay narrative interview differentiated from general in-depth interview were discovered. First, the subconscious desire, belief, etc. of the participants were explored together with the conscious expressions. Sandplay could be an apparatus to conduct flexible and wellbalanced interview as it is capable of reliving the tension appropriately about the topic that the subject wants or does not want to speak about. Second, the sandplay narrative interview enabled collection of more abundant and unique narratives, adopting thoroughly unstructured interview. Third, in sandplay, it is capable of collecting various narrative through diverse methods such as writing and life history. Fourth, the participants engaged as much as the research did in the process of analyzing and drawing the meanings. Fifth, sandplay narrative interview was intended to apply the results immediately to the life of participants. The researcher provided active helps so that the participants could perceive things differently in life and achieve the improvement of relationship with the family, coworkers and friends, instead of simply understanding the ups and downs in life. In the meantime, the sandplay narrative interview is a method to look into true inner-self of participants, by helping the participants reveal the subconsciousness, utilizing the sand box, figure, etc. Furthermore, it required the researcher to present the story explaining the sand box directly, differently from the existing indepth interview, which relied solely on the narrative coming out from people’ s consciousness. With the method, the researcher was able to understand if their answers on the specific research topics and questions really reflected the mind of participants and what made them think that way. Also, the sandplay narrative interview contributed to reducing psychological burden that the participants might generally have for the research and the interview by adopting the specific ways of sandplay. They told the story related to the research topics naturally, helping them freely talk what they wanted to the sand box instead of having the feeling of pressure or repulsion. Although all the individual sessions of the interview were planned for 1 hour or longer, no case was reported that research process was interrupted or the participant complained about being board and this should be considered positively. Another positive factor was that the research provided an opportunity for both the researcher and the participants to become psychologically more matured. All the participants identified their subconsciousness that had been the root of external problem and made them differentiated from others. These factors appeared as obvious advantage in the aspect of research ethics.As such, the sandplay narrative interview showed positive factors as a method of qualitative research. It is expected that the sandplay narrative interview would present useful techniques for topics like counseling particularly for the infants and children, organizing elders’ life history and others. As a research, I look forward to seeing many research cases utilizing the sandplay narrative interview in the future.

내러티브 면담에 관한 방법론적 탐구 : 실천과 분석의 이해

조재성(Jaeseong Jo) 한국질적탐구학회 2020 질적탐구 Vol.6 No.1

질적연구에서 심층면담이 지닌 방법적 한계를 극복하고자 다양한 면담 기법이 등장하고 있다. 그 중에서 내러티브 면담은 연구 참여자들이 직접 생성한 실제/가상의 이야기를 분석하여 의미를 찾는 연구방법으로 최근 관심을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 내러티브 면담의 개념, 실천 과정, 그리고 자료 분석의 방법을 중심으로 그 특징을 다음과 같이 논의하였다. 첫째, 내러티브 면담은 개방적, 경험적, 해석적 특징을 지니고 있다. 구체화된 코드와 질문지 대신 면담 내용 속에 숨겨진 의미들을 찾아내고 해석하려고 한다. 둘째, 내러티브 면담의 실제적인 활용 측면에서는 방사형 질문 과정, 비유적인 질문과 응답, 문학적, 예술적 형식의 창의적인 면담 기법 사용 등을 특징으로 제시할 수 있다. 연구 주제의 특성에 따라 내러티브 면담이 더욱 적절한 경우를 찾을 수 있다. 셋째, 내러티브 면담의 순서는 내러티브 윤곽 잡기, 완전한 내러티브 수집, 내러티브 규명의 3가지로 이루어지며 각 단계는 유기적으로 연결될 필요가 있다. 이러한 내러티브 면담의 활용은 다양한 분야에서 연구 참여자의 생활 세계를 규명하고 질적연구의 효과를 더욱 높이는 데 기여할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구가 질적연구에 접근하고자 하는 연구자들의 이해에 도움이 되기를 기대한다. In qualitative research, various interview techniques are adopted to overcome the methodological limitations of in-depth interviews. Among them, narrative interview has recently gained attention as a research method to unveil meanings by analyzing actual or virtual stories created by research participants themselves. In this regard, this research discussed its characteristics, focusing on the concept, practice process, and data analysis of narrative Interview as follows: First, narrative interview is differentiated from other interview techniques when it comes to the definition of terms, approaches of experience, and the purposes of interviews. It aims to discover and interpret hidden meanings in the interview, instead of materialized codes and questionnaires. Second, as for the actual utilization of narrative interview, it adopts radical interview process, metaphorical questions and answers, and creative interview techniques in literary and artistic ways. Depending on the characteristics of the research theme, narrative interview can be a more appropriate option in some cases. Third, the order of narrative interview consists of 3 steps; outlining the narrative, collecting complete narratives, and investigating the narratives, and each step should be connected organically. The utilization of narrative interview is expected to contribute to improving educational research by understanding the life of students and teachers and increasing the effect of qualitative research. It is also expected that this research will be helpful for education researchers who want to adopt qualitative research approaches to expand understanding.

Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study

신숙경 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.2

Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study Sukkyung Shin* Abstract: This study aims to investigate the range of community services offered by disability facilities for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Kenya and to identity key insights through interviews. In this qualitative study, the researcher used semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data and selected participants through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through Individual Interviews were conducted with two practitioners employed at distinct disability facilities of Nairobi in Kenya. The implications obtained through the interviews in this study are as follow. First, the disability facilities in Kenya, as those in developing countries, emphasize a variety of community-based rehabilitation services. Second, there are many differences in disability services between regions. Third, practitioners who are involved in the disability facilities must have acquired disability-related service certification or completed related training. This paper finally presents limitations of the study. Key Words: Disability Services in Kenya, People with Disabilities in Kenya, Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), Qualitative Method, In-depth Interview Study □ Received: Mar. 20, 2024, Revised: Apr. 22, 2024, Accepted: Apr. 28, 2024* Associate Professor, Jeonju Univ., Email: africarogo82@jj.ac.kr Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.62783/SHSS.6.2.42 Sukkyung Shin* Abstract: This study aims to investigate the range of community services offered by disability facilities for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Kenya and to identity key insights through interviews. In this qualitative study, the researcher used semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data and selected participants through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through Individual Interviews were conducted with two practitioners employed at distinct disability facilities of Nairobi in Kenya. The implications obtained through the interviews in this study are as follow. First, the disability facilities in Kenya, as those in developing countries, emphasize a variety of community-based rehabilitation services. Second, there are many differences in disability services between regions. Third, practitioners who are involved in the disability facilities must have acquired disability-related service certification or completed related training. This paper finally presents limitations of the study. Key Words: Disability Services in Kenya, People with Disabilities in Kenya, Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), Qualitative Method, In-depth Interview Study □ Received: Mar. 20, 2024, Revised: Apr. 22, 2024, Accepted: Apr. 28, 2024* Associate Professor, Jeonju Univ., Email: africarogo82@jj.ac.kr

뷰티 서비스 종사자의 성희롱 경험에 관한 질적 분석

김현정(Hyun-Jung Kim),명광주(Kwang-Joo Myung) 한국인체미용예술학회 2020 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analysis sexual harassment perceived by beauty service workers through qualitative research on in-depth interviews. The participants of this research were beauty service workers with 20 years of experience and a snowball sampling method was used. The data collection adopted and unstructured interview method to in-depth interview the subjects’s job characteristics and sexual harassment experienced by the study subjects and the beauty service process. In the data analysis, an inductive analysis of the interview content was conducted and the results were obtained through expert group meetings to secure the validity of this qualitative research. Also, the truthfulness strategy of this study was the review between participations and the triangulation verification method. The results of this series of qualitative research methods are as follows. Sexual harassment perceived and experienced by beauty service workers are: First, gender harassment; second, sexual harassment as job recognition; third, physical contact (sexual molestation); fourth, unwanted sexual interest and coercion; fifth, sexual harassment of employees.

중국어 관광통역안내사 근무환경에 관한 질적 연구

강동훈,박운서,이재섭 (사)한국관광레저학회 2018 관광레저연구 Vol.30 No.12

The purpose of this study is to figure out cause and reason for the work environment which the Chinese tourist guide feels uncomfortable and to find improvement about the environment. The research method was applied to qualitative study rather than empirical study using questionnaire. Through the in-depth interview method, this study intended to find fundamental problems which would have not been found advanced research and empirical study. In-depth interviews were done from July 11th to August 15th 2018 by using one-to-one interview. The interviewees were consist of Korean, oversees Chinese and oversees Korean etc. Therefore total twelve Chinese tourist guides, who were two Koreans, six oversees Koreans and four oversees Chinese, were taken in-depth interview. The result of this study found seven factors. Employment related item, balance related item, shopping related item, job related item, unqualified chinese tourist guide related item, four major insurance related item and female tourist guides related item.

제품 디자인의 심리사회적 의미 연구

이주원,성영신,조경진 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2010 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychological meaning of product design. Consumers' subjective experiences were collected by qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews. Analyzing their verbal protocol and classifying them through interpretive analysis showed that the product design has an aesthetic meaning as well as various psychological and social meanings to consumers. The results show four aspects of the design: functional meaning, aesthetic meaning, psychological meaning, and social meaning. First, consumers focus on products depending on the design which forms the first impression. Using the information derived from the design of the product, consumers presume the contents and quality of the product. Second, they enjoy looking at the design itself and tend to possess and appreciate it like other artworks. Third, the design forms the identification of the consumer whom owns the product. Consuming product designs is a way to express one's thoughts. It also provides psychological stability similar to which generated by social intercourse. Last, the design is a way to express one's self image to the society. It helps form sympathy among the people who lives the same age. Owning a product with great design can make that person socially superior then others. This study has extended the domain of consumer psychology by examining the depth of consumer experience which concerns product designs. Also, designers and marketers will be able to apply the results of this study. 본 연구에서는 제품의 디자인(product design)이 소비자에게 어떤 의미인지를 알아보기 위해 심층면접(in-depth interview)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 제품의 디자인이 소비자에게 단순히 미적 역할 뿐만 아니라 다양한 심리사회적 의미를 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 디자인의 의미는 구매적 의미, 심미적 의미, 심리적 의미, 사회적 의미로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 사람들은 제품의 디자인을 통해 제품에 주의를 기울이고, 디자인을 하나의 정보로 이용해 제품에 대한 첫인상을 형성하며, 제품의 내용과 질을 예상한다. 또한 실제로 디자인이 좋은 제품이 사용하기에도 편하다고 생각한다. 둘째, 사람들은 제품의 디자인을 보는 것 자체를 즐기고 그림을 감상하듯 소장하여 늘 감상하길 원한다. 셋째, 디자인은 자기 자신을 제품과 동일시하게 하고 자기표현의 수단이 되며, 마치 친구처럼 정서적 안정감을 주는 심리적 의미를 가진다. 마지막으로, 디자인은 사회적 자기 이미지를 표현하는 하나의 수단이 되고 한 시대를 살아가는 사람들 속에서 공감대를 형성하게 해주며, 사회적으로 자신을 좀 더 우월하게 만들어 주는 의미를 가진다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 소비자의 심층적인 심리를 끌어내어 소비자 관점에서 제품의 디자인을 이해하였다는 데에 그 의의가 있다. 이는 디자이너와 마케터들의 디자인 경영과 광고 전략에도 활용 가능할 것이다.

질적 연구를 통한 대형병원 환자집중의 영향 요인 분석 : 대형병원 의료이용자와 관리자 관점에서

이근정 ( Keun Jung Lee ),엄혜은 ( Hye Eun Eom ),고정애 ( Jung Ae Ko ),박다혜 ( Da Hye Park ) 한국병원경영학회 2021 병원경영학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influencing factors of the patient leaning phenomenon in tertiary hospitals. Based on the results of this study, we intended to find implications for improving the problems of the delivery system imbalance in tertiary hospitals caused by patient leaning phenomenon. Methodology/Approach: Qualitative studies were conducted, using focus group interviews and in-depth interviews. The focus group interviews were conducted for 12 users of tertiary hospitals by 2 groups. And in-depth interviews were conducted for 6 tertiary hospital managers. This was considered to be the most effective approach to gather diverse and in-depth information about the influencing factor of patient leaning phenomenon in tertiary hospitals. Findings: In focus group interviews, the reason for choosing tertiary hospitals was the reliability of the hospital(physician, reputation, etc.). And the effect of the policy to strengthen coverage of National Health Insurance and private medical insurance was relatively small. In other words, we found that the individual's desire to receive medical services suitable for one's health status and disease condition was the biggest factor, rather than the cost and policy factors. Practical Implications: We suggested that the appropriate medical care provision should be strengthened according to the role and function of medical institutions. In addition, the education system needs to be reorganized to activate the referral program, expand community medical capabilities, and foster quality primary medical care.

부모 면담에 참여한 유아 교사 경험의 의미

김혜정,이대균 한국어린이문학교육학회 2019 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences of early childhood teachers participating in parent interviews. The subjects of this study were 10 teachers who had experienced parent interviews in various types of early childhood educational institutions. The teachers participated in a pre-interview, two in-depth interviews, and journal writing for about 6 months from April 23 to November 8, 2018. The positive experiences were 'I can understand children better through the interviews‘; ‘I can build trust with the parents‘; and ‘I can be a professional to the parents‘. The negative experiences were ‘It is difficult to meet the interview time‘; ‘I do not know what to say‘; ‘It is difficult because of parents with selfish attitudes or parents ignoring teachers‘; and ‘It's not only physical but also mental‘. 본 연구는 부모 면담에 참여한 유아 교사의 경험을 분석하여 부모 면담에서 교사가 어떠한 경험을 하는지 알아보고, 경험의 의미를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 다양한 유형의 유아교육기관에서 부모 면담을 진행한 경험이 있는 10명의 교사를 연구참여자로 선정하였고, 2018년 4월 23일부터 11월 8일까지 약 6개월간 예비 면담, 1ㆍ2차에 걸친 개별 면담, 연구자의 저널 등을 가지고 수집 분석하였다. 자료를 통해 연구한 결과, 긍정적인 경험으로는 ‘면담을 통해 아이를 더 잘 이해할 수 있어요 / 부모님과 신뢰를 쌓을 수 있어요 / 부모님께 전문가의 모습을 보여줄 수 있어요’의 내용으로 나타났고, 부정적인 경험으로 ‘면담 시간을 맞추는 것이 어려워요 / 어떻게 말해야 할지 모르겠어요 / 교사를 무시하거나 이기적인 태도의 부모님 때문에 어려워요 / 육체적인 것뿐 아니라 정신적으로도 힘들어요’로 나타났다.