Minced Pulp as Source of Pulpal Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Odontogenic Differentiation Capacity

Liang, Zhangrui,Kawano, Satoshi,Chen, Wei,Sadrkhani, Moein Seyed,Lee, Chaehwan,Kim, Euiseong,Moshaverinia, Alireza,Kim, Reuben H.,Kang, Mo K. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS - Vol.44 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Pulp tissue regeneration is becoming a reality after discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) residing in the pulp tissues through various clinical innovations, although MSC transplantation into the pulp space has met with challenges of <I>in vitro</I> cell expansion and cultures. As a way to circumvent the regulatory and technical complexities of <I>in vitro</I> MSC culture, we investigated the use of minced pulp tissues as a source of pulpal MSCs for tissue regeneration.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We characterized the phenotype of cells explanted from minced pulp (MP), namely MP-derived MSCs (MP-MSCs), compared with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) established from pulp tissues by enzyme digestion. Phenotypic characterization included replication kinetics, immunophenotyping, and multilineage differentiation. Using the tooth slice model, we assessed odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, MP-MSCs, and minced pulp tissues <I>in situ</I>.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P> <I>In vitro</I> replication of MP-MSCs occurred more rapidly during the initial phase of subcultures compared with DPSCs; however, MP-MSCs arrived at senescence at population doubling 47, whereas DPSCs replicated until population doubling 64, indicating shorter replicative lifespan. MP-MSCs also demonstrated stronger odonto/osteogenic differentiation than DPSCs by alkaline phosphatase activity and the protein expression. Both MP-MSCs and DPSCs demonstrated odonto/osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities. Both cell types also showed mineralized tissue formation in the tooth slice model. Seeding minced pulp tissue on poly-L-lactic acid scaffold allowed for migration of MP-MSCs from the tissues and odontogenic differentiation with dentin sialophosphoprotein expression in the tooth slice model.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These data indicated that MP may be an alternative source of pulpal MSCs that may allow <I>de novo</I> pulp-dentin regeneration without the need for <I>in vitro</I> culture and expansion.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Revascularization leads to ectopic tissue formation and falls short in <I>bone fide</I> pulp-dentin regeneration. Prior studies show requirement of pulp cell transplantation for pulp tissue regeneration. </LI> <LI> Cells that migrate from the explanted pulp tissues demonstrate distinct replicative and differentiation phenotype from dental pulp stem cell cultures established by enzyme digestion, whereas both cell types exhibit similar surface markers. </LI> <LI> Direct seeding of minced pulp tissue on synthetic scaffold in tooth slice model yielded migrating pulp cells with odontogenic differentiation capacity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Distribution of Cold Receptor Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8-Immunopositive Axons in the Mouse Dental Pulp and Periodontal Tissue

김태헌,이재식,김윤숙,배용철 대한구강생물학회 2017 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.42 No.4

Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) plays a crucial role in innocuous cool sensation, acute cold pain and cold-induced hyperalgesia during pathologic conditions. To help understand TRPM8-mediated cold perception in the dental pulp and periodontal tissues, we examined the distribution of TRPM8-immunopositive (+) axons in molar and incisor pulp and periodontal tissues using transgenic mice expressing a genetically encoded axonal tracer in TRPM8+ neurons. In the radicular pulp of the molar teeth, a small number of TRPM8+ axons were observed. TRPM8+ axons branched frequently and extensively in the core of coronal pulp, forming a network in the peripheral pulp. Some TRPM8+ axons ascended between odontoblasts and were observed in the dentinal tubule. TRPM8+ axons were linear-shaped in the radicular pulp, whereas many TRPM8+ axons showed portions shaped like beads connected with thin axonal stands at the peripheral pulp. TRPM8 was densely expressed in the bead portions. In the incisor pulp, TRPM8+ axons were occasionally observed in the core of the coronal pulp and rarely observed at the peripheral pulp. TRPM8+ axons were occasionally observed and showed a linear shape rather than a bead-like appearance in the periodontal ligament and lamina propria of the gingival tissue. These findings, showing differential distribution of TRPM8+ axons between radicular and coronal portions of the molar pulp, between incisor and molar pulp, and between dental pulp and periodontal tissues, may reflect differential cold sensitivity in these regions.

종이 기저귀로부터 재생된 fluff 펄프와 그 수초지 특성분석

최경화,조준형,김창근,이호선,류정용 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of the fluff pulp recycled from paper diaper. To do this, the physical and optical properties of each handsheet made from these fluff pulp sample as well as the properties of the fiber recycled from paper diaper were analyzed and compared with those of non-recycled diaper fluff pulp samples and conventional pulp samples. These comparisons show that the characteristics of fiber such as length, width, curl, kink of the pulp recycled from paper diaper were similar to those of non-recycled diaper fluff pulp as well as to those of commercial pulp. The fine content of recycled diaper fluff pulp was lower than that of other pulp samples, while the ash content of the former was higher than that of the latter. Furthermore, it was also found that the bulk of handsheets made from the recycled fluff pulp was higher than that of other pulp samples, while the formation of the former was worse than that of the latter. The mechanical properties of the handsheet sample made from the recycled diaper fluff pulp was higher than those of the unused diaper fluff pulp and was lower that those of commercial fluff pulp and softwood tissue pulp handsheet. But, it was higher than that of hardwood tissue pulp handsheet. The optical properties of recycled diaper fluff pulp handsheet was lower than those ofeach handsheet samples made from other pulps due to its low fine content.

Anti-inflammatory and Mineralization Effects of ProRoot MTA and Endocem MTA in Studies of Human and Rat Dental Pulps <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

Kim, Do-Hee,Jang, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Bin-Na,Chang, Hoon-Sang,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann,Kim, Sun-Hun,Min, Kyung-San,Koh, Jeong-Tae,Hwang, Yun-Chan Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS - Vol.44 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Few studies have reported direct pulp capping in inflamed pulp conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> responses of dental pulp during direct pulp capping using various pulp capping materials in inflamed conditions.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Human dental pulp cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultured with Dycal (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE), ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and Endocem MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, South Korea). The expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein were analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. The maxillary molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 2 days. The exposed pulps were capped with Dycal, ProRoot MTA, and Endocem MTA and sealed with resin-modified glass ionomer followed by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was increased with LPS and decreased by Dycal, ProRoot MTA, and Endocem MTA. Dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein levels were decreased with LPS and increased after treatment with pulp capping materials.In the <I>in vivo</I> study, inflammation associated with Dycal was higher than that associated with ProRoot MTA and Endocem MTA at week 1, without any significant difference between the 2. At 4 weeks, inflammation was decreased, and mineralization was increased compared with week 1 in all 3 of the materials. At week 1, IL-6 immunoreactivity was strongly expressed. Dycal exhibited stronger immunoreactivity than ProRoot MTA and Endocem MTA. However, the immunoreactivity was decreased in all groups at week 4.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Successful direct pulp capping requires more effective pulp capping materials for the treatment of inflamed pulps.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Dycal, ProRoot MTA, and Endocem MTA decreased inflammation in inflamed pulp. </LI> <LI> Dycal, ProRoot MTA, and Endocem MTA increased mineralization in inflamed pulp. </LI> <LI> There was no significant difference among Dycal, ProRoot MTA, and Endocem MTA applications to inflamed pulp. </LI> </UL> </P>

종이 기저귀로부터 재생된 fluff 펄프와 그 수초지 특성 분석

최경화(Kyoung-Hwa Choi),조준형(Jun-Hyung Cho),김창근(Chang Geun Kim),이호선(Ho Sun Lee),류정용(Jeong-Yong Ryu) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of the fluff pulp recycled from paper diaper. To do this, the physical and optical properties of each handsheet made from these fluff pulp sample as well as the properties of the fiber recycled from paper diaper were analyzed and compared with those of non-recycled diaper fluff pulp samples and conventional pulp samples. These comparisons show that the characteristics of fiber such as length, width, curl, kink of the pulp recycled from paper diaper were similar to those of non-recycled diaper fluff pulp as well as to those of commercial pulp. The fine content of recycled diaper fluff pulp was lower than that of other pulp samples, while the ash content of the former was higher than that of the latter. Furthermore, it was also found that the bulk of handsheets made from the recycled fluff pulp was higher than that of other pulp samples, while the formation of the former was worse than that of the latter. The mechanical properties of the handsheet sample made from the recycled diaper fluff pulp was higher than those of the unused diaper fluff pulp and was lower that those of commercial fluff pulp and softwood tissue pulp handsheet. But, it was higher than that of hardwood tissue pulp handsheet. The optical properties of recycled diaper fluff pulp handsheet was lower than those of each handsheet samples made from other pulps due to its low fine content.

주요 농업부산물로 제조한 크라프트 펄프의 물리적 특성 평가

이지영,김철환,임기백,김선영,박종혜,허영준,김영훈,김연오,이세란 한국펄프·종이공학회 2014 펄프.종이技術 Vol.37 No.5

In this study, we investigated the physical properties of kraft pulps made from rice husk, peanut husk andgarlic stems. These agricultural byproducts were collected individually, and then various pulps weremanufactured from them by controlling active alkali, sulfidity, reaction time and the liquor ratio in thekraft pulping process in order to analyze the applicability of these agricultural byproducts as raw materialsfor kraft pulps. After kraft pulping, we measured yield, flake content, fiber length, fiber width andfreeness of pulps, and the fiber shapes of the pulps were observed by using an optical microscope. When the higher active alkali, longer reaction time and lower liquor ratio were applied in kraft pulpingprocess, reject content decreased and fiber yield increased. The pulp from garlic stems had the longestfiber length and that from rice husk showed the highest intial freeness. All of the pulps from agriculturalbyproducts showed higher initial freeness, shorter fiber length and the similar fiber width compared toOCC, BCTMP and hardwood BKP. The fibers of the pulps made from agricultural byproducts showeda similar shape to those of commercial pulps. It was concluded that these agricultural byproducts had apotential as raw materials to produce an alternative pulp to the commercial pulps.

Pleurotus ostreatus균 전처리에 의한 볏짚의 상압 바이오 소다펄프화

박헌도 ( Heon Do Park ),강진하 ( Jin Ha Kang ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.41 No.2

This study was performed to develop the biochemical pulping method to save the energy and decrease the capital cost in soda pulping. Rice straw was pretreated by Pleurotus ostreatus with either, glucose(G), nitrogen(N) and G+N for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days incubation respectively because of its selective delignification capacity. The total yield of untreated rice straw pulp was 53.5%. In the case of fungal pretreatment, the total yields of pulps showed the ranges of 48.3~28.4%. Consequently, according to the extending of incubation periods, the total yields of pulps were gradually decreased. The Kappa number of pulp made from untreated rice straw was 22.8. In the case of fungal pretreatment, the Kappa numbers were ranges of 26.6~17.4. In case of control and G, the Kappa number were increased until 15 days and in case of N and G+N, also were increased until 20 days. Thereafter, the Kappa number were decreased. In addition, the brightness of pulp made from untreated rice straw was 34.2. In the case of the fungal pretreatment, the brightness of rice straw pulps showed ranges of 28.2~34.9. The brightness were decreased until 15 days, thereafter were increased. The physical properties of soda pulp made from rice straw without fungal treatment, the density, breaking length, burst index, tear index and folding endurance were 0.48g/cm3, 4.82km, 3.37kPa · m2/g, 19.1mN · m2/g and 110 times, respectively. On the other hand, in case of fungal pretreatment, the physical properties of pulps made from rice straw were as follows. The density was 0.50~0.58g/cm3, the breaking length was 4.46~7.18km, burst index was 2.95~5.30kPa·m2/g, tear index was 8.5~18.9mN·m2/g and folding endurance was 8~328 times according to the conditions of nutrients and incubation periods. As a result, if the rice straw would be pretreated with fungi, it is possible to use the condition of atmospheric pressure in soda pulping of rice straw for low grade papers. Accordingly, we can reduce the capital cost and energy consumption in pulp mills where are using the non-wood plants such as rice straw as raw materials.

중증치주염이 치수조직에 미치는 영향

김병옥,박영란,윤정훈,장현선,Kim, Byung-Ock,Park, Young-Ran,Yoon, Jung-Hoon,Jang, Hyun-Seon 대한치주과학회 2005 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.35 No.2

In order to examine the effects of advanced periodontitis on the dental pulps, 38 extracted human teeth were examined histologically. The 38 teeth had a positive or negative state in the electric pulp test(EPT). In addition, almost of the 38 teeth had a deep pocket and severe mobility, and floating state. A medical and dental history was elicited. The extracted teeth fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution. The general tissue processing method was followed. The tissue block including the teeth was prepared for optical microscopy using hematoxillin-eosin staining. Among the 38 periodontally involved teeth, the dental pulps were respectively intact in 12(31%), and a pulp stone(or linear calcifications) was found in 18 teeeth(47%). In addition, 17 teeth(44%) had pulps exhibiting inflammatory reactions with varying intensities, such as hyperemia, pulp abscess, pulp necrosis. Among the 38 periodontally involved teeth, 37 teeth tested a positive to the EPT, and 7 teeth tested negative. The EPT positive 37 teeth had various histological features such as 7 normal pulp(18%), 17 pulp stone(44%), 1 hyperemia (2%), 9 pulpitis(23%), 5 root resorption(13%), 3 pulp abscess(7%), and 3 pulp necrosis(7%), In conclusion, it is suggested that in the EPT positive teeth, advanced periodontally involved teeth can cause inflammation of the dental pulp.

치수 석회화 변성과정에서 단백분해효소 및 단백분해효소 억제제의 역할

김진우,김현희,이상신,이영준,이장하,김연숙,이석근,문혁수,이종헌 대한구강악안면병리학회 2003 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.27 No.2

As pulp calcification occurs at least fifty percent of total teeth, the focal calcification in pulp chamber usually appears in all age groups. However, the pulp calcification is one of the important pathologic changes affecting the pulp vitality. In order to elucidate the mechanism of pulp calcification during the retrogressive degeneration of pulp tissue we performed an immunohistochemical study for proteases (MMP-3, MMP-10, and cathepsin-G), antiproteases (TIMP-1, α1- AT) and proteins involving tissue protection (TGase-2 and HSP-70). In the normal pulp tissue MMP-3 and MMP-10 were weakly expressed, but cathepsin-G and TIMP-1 were rarely expressed. Around the calcifying tissue of MMP-3, MMP- 10, and α1-AT were predominant, but TIMP-1 and cathepsin-G were sparsely expressed. On the other hands, TGase-2 and HSP-70 were condensed in the proximal fibrous tissue. These data suggest that the pulp calcification is related to retrogressive pulp degeneration, which could be resulted in the incomplete digestion of the degenerated stromal tissue by different proteases. We presume that the aberrant protease digestion of chronic pulpal pathosis, i.e., sclerotic fibrosis, chronic pulp degeneration, etc., may enhance the dystrophic calcification in dental pulp.

백색부후균 전처리에 의한 목재 칩의 Biopulping

강규영,김형진,양봉숙,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Pulping process is to mainly obtain lignocellulosic fibers for papermaking from wood resources. Three types of pulping method have been basically employed, such as chemical pulping, mechanical pulping, and their combination methods. Biopulping technique has been mainly applied in mechanical pulping by pretreatment of white-rot fungi into the ultrastructure of wood cell wall. The main purpose of biopulping is to improve the pulp qualities, paper properties, and to reduce the energy costs and environmental impact, compared to traditional pulping systems. Nowadays, biopulping is frequently tried in chemical pulping operation for environmental concept, fiber modification, improvement of physical properties of paper and economic savings. The pretreatment of white-rot fungi prior to chemical pulping could affect the swelling and softening of wood cell walls by the behaviors of modification and depolymerization of ligin compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of biological treatment to wood chips by white-rot fungus and its structural change of lignocellulosic fiber via kraft pulping. A rotary bioreactor was applied for pretreatment of biological action. The treatment of white-rot fungus was shown in weight loss of chips. After bio-kraft pulping, kappa number and total yield of pulps were measured, and reduced. Freeness(CSF) values were also decreased. Whereas brightness values were increased, compared to untreated control. The physical strength of handsheets was shown a slight increase in tensile, tear, burst, and folding endurance, with bio-treatments.