천연 및 합성 착색제의 첨가가 브로일러의 육성성적, 착색도 및 육색 변화에 미치는 영향

김창혁,김혜정,함영훈,이성기,이규호 한국가금학회 2003 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

본 시험은 천연 및 합성 착색제의 첨가가 브로일러의 사양성적, 착색도 및 기계적인 색도에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험 기간중 이용된 사료는 단백질과 에너지를 동일한 수준으로 배합하였으며, 사료내 xanthophylls 함량은 약 8.54g/ton이었다. 본 시험에 이용한 브로일러는 총 450수로 10처리, 처리당 15수씩 3반복하였으며, 총 6주간 시험하였다. 시험 결과 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 천연 및 합성 착색제간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 착색제 첨가에 따른 폐사율은 착색제 첨가수준이 높을수록 낮았으며, 합성착색제보다 천연착색제가 우수하였다. 착색도 첨가에 따른 도체율, 복강지방 및 근위무게는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 정강이 피부의 착색도는 착색제 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높았으며(P<0.05), 합성착색제가 천연착색제보다 착색효율이 우수하였다. 정강이육과 피부에 있어서 기계적 색도는 착색도와 일정한 연관성이 없었다. 본 시험의 결과만으로 미루어 착색제 첨가는 육색에 대한 소비자들의 선호도를 감안한다면 첨가하는 것이 효율적이라고 판단된다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of natural and synthetic commercial pigments on the growth performances, skin pigmentation and color difference of broiler chicks. Experimental diet was formulated to have isocalories and isonitrogen for experimental period, and xanthophyll concentration in the diet was 8.45g/1on. The experiment was conducted for six weeks with 450 broiler chicks. The birds were assigned to 10 treatment groups and each group had 15 chicks with three replications. Results showed that the types of pigments did not have any effect on body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency. The mortality was lower with higher pigment supplementation and greater in the natural pigment groups than in the synthetic ones. Dressed carcass, abdominal fat pad and gizzard weight were not significantly different among treatments. The pigmentation of shank skin was increased with high pigment supplementations, and the pigmentation effect was greater with synthetic pigments than in natural pigments. In the shank meat or skin, the color difference(L*, a*, b*, c* and h*) was not consistently related to pigmentation.

Induction of pigmentation by a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib

Kim, Kyung-Il,Jo, Jeong Won,Lee, Jeung-Hoon,Kim, Chang Deok,Yoon, Tae-Jin Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.503 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Skin color is determined by the melanin pigments that are produced in melanocytes then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. Despite the growing number of commercial products claiming the pigmentation-regulatory effects, there is still a demand for the development of new materials that are safe and more efficacious. We tried to screen the pigmentation-regulatory materials using a commercially available drugs, and found that nilotinib could induce pigmentation in melanoma cells. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with nilotinib, melanin content was increased together with increase of tyrosinase activity. Nilotinib increased the expression of pigmentation-related genes such as MITF, tyrosinase and TRP1. Consistent with these results, the protein level for MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 was significantly increased by nilotinib. To delineate the action mechanism of nilotinib, we investigated the effects of nilotinib on intracellular signaling. As a result, nilotinib decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, while increased the phosphorylation of CREB. The pretreatment of PKA inhibitor H89 markedly blocked the nilotinib-induced phosphorylation of CREB. In accordance with, pretreatment of H89 significantly inhibited the nilotinib-induced pigmentation, indicating that nilotinib induces pigmentation via the activation of PKA signaling. Together, our data suggest that nilotinib can be developed for the treatment of hypopigmentary disorder such as vitiligo.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The nilotinib induced the pigmentation of HM3KO melanoma cells. </LI> <LI> The nilotinib decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, while increased the phosphorylation of CREB. </LI> <LI> The inhibition of PKA signaling abrogated nilotinib-induced pigmentation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Atopic labial pigmentation: a helpful phenotypic feature in diagnosis of Asian patients with atopic dermatitis

( Jong-kil Seo ),( In-hye Kang ),( Hye-jin Ahn ),( Eun-jae Shin ),( Min Kyung Shin ),( Mu-hyoung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Pigmented lesions on the lips can be caused by physiological or pathological factors, along with exogenous or endogenous factors. Many patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and labial pigmentation are seen in clinical practice. Objectives: The aim of our study was to further explore the association of labial pigmentation and AD. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who visited the Department of Dermatology at Kyung Hee Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January 1 to December 31, 2016. The study consisted of 178 patients with AD and a control group of 178 age- and sex-matched patients without AD. Results: The patients with AD had both a significantly higher prevalence of labial pigmented lesions and a significantly higher number of labial pigmented lesions than was observed in the control group. Moreover, the pigmented lesions were found mainly in the middle section of the upper lip and showed multifocal distribution. The patients with AD and labial pigmentation were significantly younger at the onset of AD, showed a greater association with allergic disorder, and had higher immunoglobulin E (IgE) level than patients without labial pigmentation. Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that labial pigmentation occurs in patients with AD. Although labial pigmentation was not present in all patients with AD, this might be a particularly helpful diagnostic feature of AD in Asian.

Two cases of oral pigmentation with thrombocytopenia: Laugier-Hunziker syndrome with thrombocytopenia or a new distinct syndrome?

( Ji Su Lee ),( Kyoung Chan Park ),( Jung Won Shin ),( Chang Hun Huh ),( Jung Im Na ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

A 31-year-old Korean woman presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic pigmented macules on her lower lip and buccal mucosa. Similarly, a 41-year-old Korean man presented with an 8-month history of asymptomatic pigmentation on his lower lip and tongue. Both patients were previously healthy, did not take any medication, and were non-smokers. Both denied a personal or familial history of pigmentary abnormalities, intestinal polyps, or skin cancers. In both patients, nails, fingers/toes, palms/soles, and other parts of the body were free of pigmented lesions. Biopsies from the pigmented lesions revealed a mild increase in pigmentation in the basal layer and melanocytes were found in normal number and morphology. Laboratory testing revealed mild thrombocytopenia in both and this persisted in several months follow-up. Diagnosis of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) was made after excluding other causes of oral pigmentation. The present cases suggest the possibility of an association between LHS and thrombocytopenia. Alternatively, our cases could represent a new syndrome distinct from LHS, which is characterized by oral pigmentation and thrombocytopenia and does not involve the nail apparatus or acral surfaces.

Endothelial cells regulate skin pigmentation

( Ji Youn Park ),( Misun Kim ),( Sang Jin Kim ),( Tae Jun Park ),( Hee Young Kang ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: We previously reported lesional melasma skin is characterized by increased vasculature as well as increased pigmentation. The increased vasculature was thought to be one of the consequences of UV irradiation. Interestingly, a positive correlation exists between pigmentation and vasculature. Objectives: We investigated the role of UV-irradiated endothelial cells in the regulation of skin pigmentation. Methods: Normal human melanocyte (NHM)/B16 cellswere co-cultured with endothelial cells. Endothelial cell conditioned medium (CM) or concentrated conditioned medium (CCM) were treated into NHM/B16. Endothelial cells were irradiated with UVB. Results: Endothelial cells, CM, and CCM reduced melanogenesis in NHM and B16 cells. However, UV-irradiated endothelial cells induced pigmentation in in vitro and ex vivo. By the gene expression profiling, we identified increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression after UV exposure. The increased pigmentation elicited by the UV irradiated endothelial cells was abrogated by ET-1 receptor inhibition. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that endothelial cells have a negative effect on pigmentation. However, their effect differs after UV irraditaion, as they then positively influence the induction of melanogenesis. The UV-irradiated endothelial cells may produce secreted factors, in this case ET-1 mediates the increased pigmentation which may play a role in the development of hyperpigmentary disorders.

Gene functions in adult cuticle pigmentation of the yellow mealworm, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>

Mun, Seulgi,Noh, Mi Young,Kramer, Karl J.,Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam,Arakane, Yasuyuki Elsevier 2020 Insect biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In many arthropod species including insects, the cuticle tanning pathway for both pigmentation and sclerotization begins with tyrosine and is responsible for production of both melanin- and quinoid-type pigments, some of which are major pigments for body coloration. In this study we identified and cloned cDNAs of the yellow mealworm, <I>Tenebrio molitor</I>, encoding seven key enzymes involved in this pathway including tyrosine hydroxylase (TmTH), DOPA decarboxylase (TmDDC), laccase 2 (TmLac2), Yellow-y (TmY-y), arylalkylamine <I>N</I>-acetyltransferase (TmAANAT1), aspartate 1-decarboxylase (TmADC) and <I>N</I>-β-alanyldopamine synthase (Tmebony). Expression profiles of these genes during development were analyzed by real-time PCR, revealing development-specific patterns of expression. Loss of function mediated by RNAi of either 1) TmTH or TmLac2, 2) TmDDC or TmY-y, and 3) TmAANAT1, TmADC or Tmebony resulted in pale/white, light yellow/brown and dark/black adult body coloration, respectively. In addition, there are three distinct layer/regional pigmentation differences in rigid types of adult cuticle, a brownish outer exocuticle (EX), a dark pigmented middle mesocuticle (ME) and a transparent inner endocuticle (EN). Decreases in pigmentation of the EX and/or ME layers were observed after RNAi of <I>TmDDC</I> or <I>TmY-y</I>. In TmADC- or Tmebony-deficient adults, a darker pigmented EX layer was observed. In TmAANAT1-deficient adults, trabeculae formed between the dorsal and ventral elytral cuticles as well as the transparent EN layer became highly pigmented. These results demonstrate that knocking down the level of gene expression of specific enzymes of this tyrosine metabolic pathway leads to abnormal pigmentation in individual layers and substructure of the rigid adult exoskeleton of <I>T. molitor</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CDNAs for seven key enzymes involved in <I>Tenebrio</I> cuticle tanning were cloned. </LI> <LI> Rigid cuticle has brownish exo-, dark meso- and transparent endocuticular layers. </LI> <LI> RNAi of target genes causes abnormal regional and temporal pigmentation. </LI> <LI> NBAD and NADA are associated with brownish exocuticle and less pigmented endocuticle. </LI> <LI> NADA-tanning produces a dark pigmented mesocuticle layer and overall adult body color. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Pigmentation extent of basal cell carcinoma is inversely associated with aggressive pathologic subtypes and subclinical infiltration of basal cell carcinoma: A potential risk factor for basal cell carcinoma in Asian patients

( Hye-rim Moon ),( Tae Jun Park ),( Ki Woong Ro ),( Hwa Jung Ryu ),( Soo Hong Seo ),( Sang Wook Son ),( Il-hwan Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Previous studies have addressed the predominance of pigmented basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in the Asian population. Objectives: We sought to determine the subclinical infiltration of BCCs according to the semi-quantitative assessment of pigmentation. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 219 patients with 225 primary BCCs who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) between January 2004 and June 2017. The pigmentation was calculated as the percentage of the sum of the pigmentary area over the total tumor surface area. Subclinical infiltration was assessed by the number of required MMS stages. Results: BCCs with smaller pigmentary areas required higher MMS stages and presented as more aggressive histological subtypes. Upon investigation of the factors affecting subclinical infiltration, the pigmentary areas of the tumor surface (P=0.005, 95% CI -0.022--0.02) and aggressive histological subtypes (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.957-2.293) were independently associated with the MMS stage. After adjusting for the effect of histological subtypes, the amount of pigmentation was clearly associated with lesser subclinical infiltration. Conclusion: BCCs with a smaller extent of pigmentation tend to exhibit greater subclinical infiltration and a more aggressive histologic growth pattern. Pigmentation should be considered a clinical predictor for the histologically favorable BCCs in the Asian population.

Inhibitory effect of 5-iodotubercidin on pigmentation

Kim, K.I.,Jeong, H.B.,Ro, H.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, C.D.,Yoon, T.J. Academic Press 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

Melanin pigments are the primary contributors for the skin color. They are produced in melanocytes and then transferred to keratinocytes, eventually giving various colors on skin surface. Although many depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agents have been developed, there is still a growing demand on materials for reducing pigmentation. We attempted to find materials for depigmentation and/or skin-lightening using the small molecule compounds commercially available, and found that 5-iodotubercidin had inhibitory potential on pigmentation. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with 5-iodotubercidin, pigmentation was dramatically reduced. The 5-iodotubercidin decreased the protein level for pigmentation-related molecules such as MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1. In addition, 5-iodotubercidin decreased the phosphorylation of CREB, while increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. These data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin inhibits melanogenesis via the regulation of intracellular signaling related with pigmentation. Finally, 5-iodotubercidin markedly inhibited the melanogenesis of zebrafish embryos, an in vivo evaluation model for pigmentation. Together, these data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin can be developed as a depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agent.

Effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on pigmentation of yellow-feathered chickens

Yu Wei,Kun Qin,Xu Qin,Fulong Song,Xiao Xu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.12

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on the growth performance, skin color, and carcass pigmentation. Methods: A total of 192 healthy 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers weighing an average of 1,279±81 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 8 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: i) CON group, fed with basal diet; ii) LTN group, supplemented with lutein; iii) MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigment including dehydrated lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-cryptoxanthin; iv) LTN+MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigment in proportion to 1:1. The supplementary content of LTN, MDP, and LTN+MDP was 2 g/kg. Skin color was measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of feeding the dietary treatments. The breast, thigh, and abdominal fat of slaughtered chickens were stored in cold storage at 4℃ for 24 hours and then the meat color of lightness (L^*), redness (a^*), and yellowness (b^*) values was determined. Results: The results showed that all treatments enhanced the yellow scores of subwing skin on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05), and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment promoted the yellow scores of shanks on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05). The mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment increased the yellow scores of beaks and all treatments enhanced the yellow of shanks on day 28 (p<0.05). In addition, all treatments improved the yellow (b^*) values of breast and thigh muscle, moreover, the monohydroxyl pigment and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment enhanced the values of redness (a^*) and yellow (b^*) of abdominal fat (p<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold significantly increased the yellow scores of skin color and the yellow (b^*) values of carcass pigmentation. Especially, the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment was more efficient on skin color.

Role of hair pigmentation in drug incorporation into hair

Yu, Hyerim,Jang, Won-Jun,Jang, Jung-Hee,Park, Byoungduck,Seo, Young Ho,Jeong, Chul-Ho,Lee, Sooyeun Elsevier 2017 Forensic Science International Vol.281 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hair analysis has notably expanded its application as a bio-monitor for drug or toxicant exposure. Hair pigmentation is proposed as a major factor affecting drug incorporation into hair; however, the mechanisms underlying the incorporation of drugs into hair are still unclear. In the present study, the effect of hair pigmentation on drug incorporation into hair was examined using rats carrying hair with different melanin status and human cells (SK-Mel-28 cells, HaCaT cells and the co-cultured HaCaT cells with SK-Mel-28 cells) representing the main pigmentary unit in hair. Tramadol, a synthetic opioid analgesic, was selected as a model drug. The distribution of tramadol and its phase I (<I>O</I>-desmethyltramadol [ODMT], <I>N</I>-desmethyltramadol [NDMT] and <I>N</I>,<I>O</I>-didesmethyltramadol [NODMT]) and phase II metabolites (ODMT-glucuronide and NODMT-glucuronide) was investigated in non-pigmented and pigmented hair from Long–Evans rats. Moreover, the incorporation levels of ODMT and ODMT-glucuronide were compared in hair cells. The concentrations of tramadol and its phase I metabolites were significantly higher in pigmented rat hair while those of phase II metabolites did not showed any consistent significant difference depending on the status of hair pigmentation. ODMT was taken up to a greater extent than ODMT-glucuronide by SK-Mel-28 cells, HaCaT cells and the co-cultured HaCaT cells with SK-Mel-28 cells. Notably, the incorporated level of ODMT was higher in SK-Mel-28 cells than HaCaT cells and the concentration difference of ODMT was significantly larger than that of ODMT-glucuronide. This study clearly demonstrated that hair pigmentation played a role as a facilitating factor for the incorporation of basic compounds and provided insight into the drug incorporation process into hair.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The role of hair pigmentation in drug incorporation into hair was investigated. </LI> <LI> Rats carrying hair with different melanin status were used. </LI> <LI> Human cells representing the main pigmentary unit in hair were used. </LI> <LI> Hair pigmentation is a facilitating factor for the incorporation of basic compounds. </LI> <LI> The cell study provided insight into the drug incorporation process into hair. </LI> </UL> </P>