2020년 하계 장강 저염수가 이어도 해양과학기지 주변 해역의 식물플랑크톤 다양성 및 개체수 변화에 미치는 영향

김지훈,최동한,이하은,정진용,정종민,노재훈 해양환경안전학회 2021 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.27 No.7

여름철 장강 저염수의 확장은 북부 동중국해의 환경 및 식물플랑크톤 다양성과 군집구조에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 알려져 있다. 2020년 하계는 장강 저염수의 방류량이 매우 높았던 시기로 환경 특성 변화에 따라 식물플랑크톤 다양성 및 군집구조에 미치는 동력을 이해하기 위해 현장관측을 수행하였다. 2020년 8월 16일~17일 이어도호 승선조사와 2020년 8월 15일~21일 이어도 해양과학기지(IORS)에서 체 류조사를 실시하였다. 조사 정점들에서 CTD로 측정한 결과 조사 수역 남서쪽은 장강 저염수의 영향을 받아 염분이 낮고 엽록소 형광값이 높 았으며, 대마난류의 영향을 받은 남동수역은 염분이 높고 엽록소 형광값이 낮았다. 12개 정점의 표층수 시료의 엽록소 a 농도는 미소형(20~3 μm) 및 소형(> 20 μm) 식물플랑크톤의 생체량이 우점함을 나타냈으며, 대마난류수의 영향을 받은 정점에서만 초미소 식물플랑크톤(< 3 μm) 생체량이 약 50%를 차지하였다. 이러한 표층수의 식물플랑크톤 크기 분포는 영양염류 공급과 관련되어 장강 저염수의 높은 질산염 공급을 받는 정점들은 소형 식물플랑크톤의 생체량 기여율이 높았다. 형태분류 결과 미소형 및 소형 식물플랑크톤은 총 45종이며, 이들 중 우점 분 류군은 규조류인 Guinardia flaccida, Nitzschia spp.와 와편모조류인 Gonyaulax monacantha, Noctiluca scintillans, Gymnodinium spirale, Heterocapsa spp., Prorocentrum micans, Tripos furca 등이었다. 대마난류의 영향을 받으며 질산염 농도가 낮은 정점들은 광합성 초미소 진핵생물(PPE)의 개 체수와 광합성 초미소 원핵생물(PPP)인 Synechococcus의 개체수가 높았다. 질산염/인산염 비는 대부분 정점에서 인산염 제한을 받고 있음을 나타냈다. 유세포 분석 결과 Synechococcus 개체수는 난류의 영향을 받는 빈영양 수역의 정점들에서 높은 개체수를 보였다. NGS 분석 결과 PPP 중 Synechococcus는 29개의 clades가 나타났고, 이 중 한 시료에서 한 번이라도 1% 이상의 우점율을 보인 clade는 11개로 나타났다. 표층수 에선 clade II가 우점분류군이었으며 SCM 층에서 다양한 clades(I과 IV 등)가 차우점군들로 분포하였다. Prochlorococcus 속은 난류 수역에서 high light adapted 생태형이 출현하는 양상을 보였으며 북쪽 수역에선 출현하지 않았다. PPE는 총 163개의 높은 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 다양성을 보였으며, 이 중 한 시료에서 한 번이라도 5% 이상의 우점률을 나타낸 OTU는 총 11개였다. 장강 저염수의 영향을 받는 정 점의 표층수에선 Amphidinium testudo가 우점 분류군이었으며, SCM 층에서 녹조류가 최우점하였다. 대마난류의 영향을 받는 해역에서는 다양 한 분류군의 착편모조류가 우점하였다. IORS에서의 관측 결과도 주변 정점들과 식물플랑크톤 생체량, 크기분포, 다양성에서 유사한 수준을 나타냈다. 이번 연구 결과는 장강 저염수의 영향에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 반응을 다양한 분야에서 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, IORS와 승선조사 를 비교하여 IORS 관측이 장강 저염수의 식물플랑크톤 동적 역학 모니터링에 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 기후변화에 따라 나타날 동중국해 하계 환경 및 생태계의 변화에 대비하여 IORS의 효과적 이용 방안 수립이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The expansion of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) plume during summer is known to be a major factor influencing phytoplankton diversity, community structure, and the regional marine environment of the northern East China Sea (ECS). The discharge of the CDW plume was very high in the summer of 2020, and cruise surveys and stationary monitoring were conducted to understand the dynamics of changes in environmental characteristics and the impact on phytoplankton diversity and community structure. A cruise survey was conducted from August 16 to 17, 2020, using R/V Eardo, and a stay survey at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) from August 15 to 21, 2020, to analyze phytoplankton diversity and community structure. The southwestern part of the survey area exhibited low salinity and high chlorophyll a fluorescence under the influence of the CDW plume, whereas the southeastern part of the survey area presented high salinity and low chlorophyll a fluorescence under the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC). The total chlorophyll a concentrations of surface water samples from 12 sampling stations indicated that nano-phytoplankton (20–3 μm) and micro-phytoplankton (> 20 μm) were the dominant groups during the survey period. Only stations strongly influenced by the TWC presented approximately 50% of the biomass contributed by pico-phytoplankton (< 3 μm). The size distribution of phytoplankton in the surface water samples is related to nutrient supplies, and areas where high nutrient (nitrate) supplies were provided by the CDW plume displayed higher biomass contribution by micro-phytoplankton groups. A total of 45 genera of nano- and micro-phytoplankton groups were classified using morphological analysis. Among them, the dominant taxa were the diatoms Guinardia flaccida and Nitzschia spp. and the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax monacantha, Noctiluca scintillans, Gymnodinium spirale, Heterocapsa spp., Prorocentrum micans, and Tripos furca. The sampling stations affected by the TWC and low in nitrate concentrations presented high concentrations of photosynthetic pico-eukaryotes (PPE) and photosynthetic pico-prokaryotes (PPP). Most sampling stations had phosphate-limited conditions. Higher Synechococcus concentrations were enumerated for the sampling stations influenced by low-nutrient water of the TWC using flow cytometry. The NGS analysis revealed 29 clades of Synechococcus among PPP, and 11 clades displayed a dominance rate of 1% or more at least once in one sample. Clade II was the dominant group in the surface water, whereas various clades (Clades I, IV, etc.) were found to be the next dominant groups in the SCM layers. The Prochlorococcus group, belonging to the PPP, observed in the warm water region, presented a high-light-adapted ecotype and did not appear in the northern part of the survey region. PPE analysis resulted in 163 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), indicating very high diversity. Among them, 11 major taxa showed dominant OTUs with more than 5% in at least one sample, while Amphidinium testudo was the dominant taxon in the surface water in the low-salinity region affected by the CDW plume, and the chlorophyta was dominant in the SCM layer. In the warm water region affected by the TWC, various groups of haptophytes were dominant. Observations from the IORS also presented similar results to the cruise survey results for biomass, size distribution, and diversity of phytoplankton. The results revealed the various dynamic responses of phytoplankton influenced by the CDW plume. By comparing the results from the IORS and research cruise studies, the study confirmed that the IORS is an important observational station to monitor the dynamic impact of the CDW plume. In future research, it is necessary to establish an effective use of IORS in preparation for changes in the ECS summer environment and ecosystem due to climate change.

담수 유입에 따른 천수만 해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집 변화

이승민 ( Seung-min Lee ),장수정 ( Soo-jung Chang ),허승 ( Seung Heo ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.11

Environmental factors and changes in phytoplankton community structure before (August 5, 2017), during (August 18 and 25) and after (August 30 and September 15) freshwater input were analyzed to investigate the effects of freshwater input from Ganwol and Bunam lakes located in the upper part of Cheonsu Bay. Due to the large amount of freshwater input in the Cheonsu Bay, the surface salinity of the bay decreased by more than 8 psu, and the thermocline existing in the bay during August weakened. In addition, hypoxic phenomena occurred temporarily in the bay as the low oxygen water mass from the freshwater lakes flowed into the bay, and chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, and N/P increased with freshwater inflow. The density of phytoplankton during the freshwater inflow increased owing to their input from the freshwater lakes. Diatom species (Eucampia zodiacus) dominated the phytoplankton community in the bay before freshwater input; nanoflagellates, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, and diatoms (Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, Chateocceros spp.) entered during freshwater input; and after freshwater inflow ended, diatoms (Chateocceros spp.) again became predominant indicating a return to previous conditions. The amount of phytoplankton standing crops increased sharply due to the inflow of freshwater species into the bay on the second day of discharge compared to before freshwater input; pre-discharge conditions were restored at most stations except at some sites close to the Bunam Lake three days after discharge. Therefore, the large amount of freshwater flowing into the bay affects not only the geochemical circulation in the bay but also the phytoplankton community structure. In particular, the high concentration of nutrients in the freshwater lake affect the marine ecosystem of the bay during August.

청계만 식물플랑크톤의 종조성과 개체수의 계절적 변동

정병관 ( Byung Kwan Jeong ),지성 ( Sung Ji ),신용식 ( Yong Sik Shin ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Three embankments, namely Changpo, Bokkil and Guil, in Chunggye Bay were investigated to assess the influence of environmental changes to phytoplankton size structure, distribution of species and standing crops. Three stations was sampled near at each embankment in Nov. 2006, Feb. 2007, May 2007 and Aug. Phytoplankton were classified into net-size (>20㎛) and nano-size (<20㎛). In summer, the freshwater discharge seemed to have influence in the decrease of salinity and in the increase of turbidity, ammonium and phosphorus concentrations. Chl a concentration and phytoplankton abundance in Feb. 2007 were observed to be generally higher in all stations compared to other periods. Net-size phytoplankton was observed to be higher in Feb. 2007 and May 2007 compared to nano-sized phytoplankton. However, there was shift in phytoplankton composition in Nov. 2006 and Aug. 2007. Phytoplankton under seven class (Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae) was identified during the study period. It was found out that the major phytoplankton class was Bacillariophyceae. Phytoplankton was more diverse in autumn compared to any other season. Cyanophyceae was increased in summer. In rainy season, change in physical factors (salinity, transparency) seemed to have more influence on phytoplankton growth compared to inorganic nutrients.

생물검정실험을 통한 동계 진해만 식물플랑크톤의 군집 변동 특성 파악

현봉길,신경순,김동선,김영옥,주혜미,백승호,Hyun, Bong-Gil,Shin, Kyoung-Soon,Kim, Dong-Sun,Kim, Young-Ok,Joo, Hae-Mi,Baek, Seung-Ho 한국해양학회 2011 바다 Vol.16 No.1

동계 진해만 광역해역의 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조와 영양염 제한 특성을 파악하고자 식물플랑크톤 군집의 정점간 비교와 환경인자간의 관계를 조사하였다. 아울러 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 영향을 미치는 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해서 현장수를 이용하여 생물검정실험을 수행하였다. 조사기간동안 규조류와 은편모조류는 대부분의 정점에서 전체 식물플랑크톤의 90% 이상을 점유하였고, 식물플랑크톤의 현존량은 마산만이 진해만 보다 현저히 높게 관찰되었다. DIN:DIP 비, pH, 투명도는 식물플랑크톤의 생물량과 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 군집구조를 바탕으로 Cluster 분석과 MSD 분석을 한 결과 크게 3개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 제 1그룹은 고성과 통영을 중심으로 한 진해만 서부해역으로 은편모조류가 전체 식물플랑크톤 현존량에 50% 이상으로 우점하였다. 제 2그룹은 마산만 가장 내측해역으로 높은 생물량, 낮은 투명도, 높은 DIN:DIP 비가 관찰된 것이 특이적이였다. 제 3그룹은 진해만 동부수역에 해당되는 마산만 외측과 진해만 중앙해역으로 구분이 되었고, 이들 정점의 특성은 DSi:DIP 비가 높았고, 규조류가 우점출현하였다. 영양염 절대농도와 구성성분비에 의한 제한영양염과 생물검정실험을 통한 영양염 제한은 마산만 대부분의 정점은 P 영양염의 제한이 관찰되었고, 진해만은 N기원의 영양염제한이 식물플랑크톤의 증식에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 파악되었다. 동계 진해만은 규산염이 상대적으로 풍부하게 존재하였고, 이는 규조류가 우점하기 좋은 환경이라 사료된다. The distributions of phytoplankton assemblages and environmental factors in Jinhae Bay and their relationships were investigated to estimate the potential limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth and community structure. In situ algal bioassay experiments were also conducted to assess the species-specific characteristics in phytoplankton responses under different nutrient conditions (control, N(+) and P(+) treatment). During the study periods, bacillariophyceae and cryptophyceae occupied more than 90% of total phytoplankton assemblages. Phytoplankton standing crops in the inner part of Masan Bay were higher than that of Jinhae Bay. The DIN:DIP ratio, pH and transparency showed the significant positive correlation with phytoplankton biomass. According to cluster and multidimensiolnal scaling (MDS) analysis based on phytoplankton community data from each station, the bay was divided into three groups. The first group included stations from the south-western part of Jinhae bay where cryptophyta species were dominated. The second group was distinguished from inner stations in Masan Bay. These stations showed low transpancy and high DIN:DIP ratio. The other cluster included the stations from the eastern part and central part of Jinhae Bay, which was characterized by the high DSi:DIP ratio and dominant of diatom species. Phosphorous (P) was limited in Masan Bay due to significantly increases in the phytoplankton abundances. Based on stoichiometric limitation and algal bio-assay in Jinhae Bay, nitrogen (N) was a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production. However, silicate (Si) was not considered as limiting factor, since Si/DIN and Si/P ratio and absolute concentration of nutrient did not create any potential stoichiometric limitation in the bay. This implies that high Si availability in winter season contributes favorably to the maintenances of diatom species.

Effect of Thermal Stratification and Mixing on Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait

Shon, Dong-Hyun,Shin, Kyoung-Soon,Jang, Pung-Guk,Kim, Young-Ok,Chang, Man,Kim, Woong-Seo Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2008 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.30 No.3

The profile of a fixed site at station M ($34.77^{\circ}N,\;129.13^{\circ}E$) in the Korea Strait was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The aim was to understand the relationship between the annual thermal stratification pattern and seasonal variation in phytoplankton community structure. Physicochemical factors including temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations, which strongly influence the proliferation and diversity of phytoplankton, were measured. The study period was divided into three due to the characteristic of thermohaline structures; mixed I (March-May 2006), stratified (June-November 2006) and mixed II(December 2006-Feburuary 2007). Diatoms dominated during the mixed I (89%) and II (48%) periods, while nanoplankton group occupied over 83% of total population during the stratified period. The dominant species during the mixed I and II was Chaetoceros socialis (47% and 29%, respectively), while during the stratified period Gyrodinium sp.(4%) was the most dominant. Averaged total chl a concentrations during the mixed I and II periods were 0.61 mg $m^{-3}$ and 0.72 mg $m^{-3}$, respectively, which were at least two-fold higher than that during the stratified period (0.30 mg $m^{-3}$). The vertical mixing and convection process of the water column induced nutrient supply from the bottom layer to the euphotic zone. It also led to the dominance of diatoms during the mixed periods, whereas small phytoplankton prevailed over large phytoplankton as stratification blocked the upward movement of nutrients to subsurface during the stratified period. During the mixed I and II periods, microplanktonic chl a dominated concentrations (50% and 48%, respectively), while picoplanktonic chl a occupied over 37% of total chl a during the stratified period.

Effect of Thermal Stratification and Mixing on Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait

손동현,신경순,장풍국,김영옥,장만,김웅서 한국해양과학기술원 2008 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.30 No.3

The profile of a fixed site at station M (34.77oN, 129.13oE) in the Korea Strait was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The aim was to understand the relationship between the annual thermal stratification pattern and seasonal variation in phytoplankton community structure. Physicochemical factors including temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations, which strongly influence the proliferation and diversity of phytoplankton, were measured. The study period was divided into three due to the characteristic of thermohaline structures; mixed I (March-May 2006), stratified (June-November 2006) and mixed II (December 2006-Feburuary 2007). Diatoms dominated during the mixed I (89%) and II (48%) periods, while nanoplankton group occupied over 83% of total population during the stratified period. The dominant species during the mixed I and II was Chaetoceros socialis (47% and 29%, respectively), while during the stratified period Gyrodinium sp. (4%) was the most dominant. Averaged total chl a concentrations during the mixed I and II periods were 0.61 mg m-3 and 0.72 mg m-3, respectively, which were at least two-fold higher than that during the stratified period (0.30 mg m-3). The vertical mixing and convection process of the water column induced nutrient supply from the bottom layer to the euphotic zone. It also led to the dominance of diatoms during the mixed periods, whereas small phytoplankton prevailed over large phytoplankton as stratification blocked the upward movement of nutrients to subsurface during the stratified period. During the mixed I and II periods, microplanktonic chl a dominated concentrations (50% and 48%, respectively), while picoplanktonic chl a occupied over 37% of total chl a during the stratified period.

낙동강 중·하류의 식물플랑크톤 군집구조 분석

손희종(Hee Jong Son) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.6

2012년 1월부터 12월까지 낙동강 중·하류지역의 식물플랑크톤 군집구조를 조사하였다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 40속 72종으로 규조류 36종(50.0%), 녹조류 20종(27.8%), 남조류 9종(12.5%) 및 기타 7종(9.7%)이었고, 출현종 수의 구성비율에서 규조류 50%, 녹조류가 28%로 나타나 규조류와 녹조류에 의한 의존도가 매우 높았다. 식물플랑크톤의 현존량은 6월에 물금(St. 4)에서 29,640 cells/mL로 가장 높았고, 10월에 고령에서 236 cells/mL로 가장 낮았다. 동절기와 하절기에 다른 계절에 비해 높은 현존량을 나타내었으며, 하류로 갈수록 현존량이 증가하였다. 생태학적 주요종은 규조류인 Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, Aulacoseira granulata와 녹조류인 Pediastrum sp. 및 남조류인 Microcystis aeruginosa였고, 겨울철에는 Stephanodiscus hantzschii, 여름철에는 Microcystis aeruginosa가 우점종으로 나타났다. 종의 계절적 천이는 겨울에 Stephanodiscus hantzchii, 봄에 Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, 여름에 Microcystis aeruginosa, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria crotonensis, Synedra acus, Aulacoseria granulata, 가을에 Aulacoseria granulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria crotonensis의 순으로 천이양상을 보였다. 종다양성 지수와 우점도 지수는 5월~7월 및 12월~2월에 다른 시기에 비해 비교적 높게 나타났다. 또한, 하류로 갈수록 종다양성 지수는 대체로 감소하였고, 반면 우점도 지수는 증가하였다. A seasonal variation of phytoplankton community in the middle-lower part of the Nakdong River was studied in four sampling stations at monthly intervals from January to December 2012. We identified 40 genera 72 species of phytoplankton. Among these, diatoms were 36 species (50.0%), green algae 20 species (27.8%), blue-green algae 9 species (12.5%) and others 7 species (9.7%), respectively. The phytoplankton standing crops were recorded a maximum of 29,640 cells/mL at the Mulgeum (St. 4) in June and a minimum of 236 cells/mL at the Goryung (St. 1) in October. Also, Standing crops were increased with proceeding from middle part to lower part. Ecological important species were Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, Aulacoseira granulata, Pediastrum sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa. Seasonal succession of phytoplankton represented that Stephanodiscus hantzschii was dominant species in winter, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus was dominant species in spring, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria crotonensis, Synedra acus, Aulacoseria granulata was dominant species in summer, and Aulacoseria granulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria crotonensis was dominant species in autumn. In the community analysis, diversity index and dominant index were higher May~July and December~February, respectively. Also, diversity index and dominant index were decreased and increased with proceeding from middle part to lower part.

저수온기 동해연안의 식물플랑크톤 크기에 따른 군집구조

이주연 ( Ju Yun Lee ),장만 ( Man Chang ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구는 2012년 3월 저수온기 동해연안의 10개 정점에서 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조를 세포의 크기에 따라 구분하여 조사하였다. 식물플랑크톤의 총 개체수는 3.4×106~7.6×106 cells L-1, 탄소량은 0.08×108~6.3×108pg L-1로 나타났다. 개체수를 기반으로 생물량을 보았을때, 극미소플랑크톤의 비율이 미세.미소 플랑크톤보다 높았다. 그러나 탄소량을 기반으로 하는 생물량을 보았을 때, 극미소플랑크톤은 세포 크기가 작아 기여도가 미미하였고, Coscinodiscus속과 같이 크기가 큰 종들은 기여도가 높았다. 이와 같이 식물플랑크톤의 생물량을 정확하게 파악하기 위해서는 다양한 관점으로 여러 항목을 조사할 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤의 군집 구조를 확인한 결과, 총 10개 정점 중에 8 정점에서 극미소플랑크톤이 우점하였다. 또한 8개 정점에서 미소플랑크톤의 개체수가 미세플랑크톤보다 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 미세.미소플랑크톤 중에서는 규조류의 비율이 95% 이상이었다. 극미소플랑크톤의 군집구조를 살펴보면, 5가지의 형태학적 특성이 다른 군집이 확인되었으며, 7개 정점에서 S type이 가장 우점한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 확인된 극미소플랑크톤이 차지하는 생태학적 기여도가 커 이들에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 수행되어야 하며, 이를 위하여 그들의 분류학적 체계 구축과 생리학적 특성 연구가 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 연구를 기반으로 향후, 변화하고 있는 동해연안에서 생물 군집 변화 현상을 규명할 수 있을것이다. In order to understand the phytoplankton community structure based on their cell size duringlow water temperature periods, we studied 10 stations in the East Sea, Korea on March, 2012. The minimum standing crops of total phytoplankton were 3.4x106 cells L-1 at the station 5. The maximum values were 7.6x106 cells L-1 at the station 8, which is two times the amount of the minimum. The carbon mass at the station 4 (6.3x108 pg L-1) was more than forty times higher compared with station 5 (0.08x108 pg L-1). From these results, we found a significant difference between standing crops and carbon mass which might have caused due to their differences in community structure and cell size. Therefore, we considered the types of plankton biomass to estimate the primary product in the specific location and/or time. The phytoplankton communities were classified in 3 types: microplankton (.20 >m), nanoplankton (.20 <m) and picoplankton (.2 꺤m). In the case of picoplankton, various morphological types were observed during the study period. These various picoplankton species were further classified as S (spherical), SF (spherical&flagella), O (oval), OF (oval&flagella) or R (rod) type, and we analyzed their community structure based on these categories. The picoplankton was found to be the most dominant type at 8 stations and S type as the most popular. The picoplankton seems to be the significant organism in the marine ecology during low water temperature periods in the coastal waters of East Sea. Therefore, picoplankton with scientific surveys can be considered as the database for their identification. In conclusion, we suggest that cell size of the phytoplankton would be the best criteria to accurately analyze their community structure and to reveal groups having more ecological influence.

HPLC를 이용한 광합성색소 분석과 CHEMTAX 프로그램을 이용한 식물플랑크톤 군집조성 연구

이용우,박미옥,김윤숙,김성수,강창근,Lee, Yong-Woo,Park, Mi-Ok,Kim, Yoon-Suk,Kim, Seong-Su,Kang, Chang-Keun 한국해양학회 2011 바다 Vol.16 No.3

High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph(HPLC)를 이용하여 식물플랑크톤의 광합성색소를 분석한 결과를 토대로 CHEMTAX 프로그램을 이용하여 식물플랑크톤 군집조성을 추정하는 방법이 많이 이용되고 있다. CHEMTAX 프로그램은 식물플랑크톤 군집별(class level)로 체내에 존재하는 주요색소의 chlorophyll a에 대한 상대적인 비 값을 기초로 분석을 한다 본 연구는 국내 해역에서 분리한 식물플랑크톤 군집별 주요 종들이 가지는 광합성색소의 상대적인 비 값을 파악하고 이 자료를 기초로 남해안에 위치한 여자만과 가막만에서 측정한 광합성색소 분석결과에 대해서 CHEMTAX 프로그램을 이용하여 식물플랑크톤의 군집조성을 파악하였다. 국내해역에 존재하는 같은 군집종들 사이에서도 주요색소의 상대적인 비 값은 차이를 보였으며, 국외의 다른 해역에서 제시된 상대적인 비 값과도 상당한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 비 값을 기초로 식물플랑크톤 군집조성을 분석한 결과, 다른 해역에서 제시된 비 값을 이용하여 분석한 결과와 유의한 차이를 보였다. 우점하는 군집(bacillariophyceae와 dinophytes)에 대해서는 5% 이내에서 차이를 보였으며, 비록 chlorophyll a에 대해서 낮은 기여도를 보이지만 pico와 nano 크기의 군집들(cyanophytes와 prasinophytes)에서는 상당한 차이(2배 이상)를 보였다. 비록 HPLC-CHEMTAX 분석방법은 식물플랑크톤 군집조성 연구에 유용하게 이용되고 있지만, 보다 정확한 결과와 식물플랑크톤의 생리, 생태를 이해하기 위해서는 연구해역에 존재하는 식물플랑크톤 종들에 대한 주요색소의 상대적인 비 값에 대한 연구가 계속적으로 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. Many studies of the phytoplankton community structure have been conducted using the CHEMTAX program on the basis of the photosynthetic pigment concentrations measured by a HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) technique. The CHEMTAX program determines the contribution of each phytoplankton class to total phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) based on the ratios of marker pigment to chlorophyll a of phytoplankton group. In this study, the marker pigment/chlorophyll a ratios were investigated in phytoplankton species isolated from marine waters around the Korean peninsula. These results were used as the input pigment ratios of the CHEMTAX program to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Korean coastal waters (Yeoja and Gamak Bay). There were significant differences in the ratios of marker pigment to chlorophyll a among the different species within the same algal class. There was a significant difference between the values of our ratios and the previously used ratios in other regions of the world. When phytoplankton community composition was calculated using our initial ratios in Yeoja and Gamak Bay, our results were significantly different from the results calculated on the basis of initial ratios of marker pigment in phytoplankton suggested in other marine waters. The estimates of the contributions of the major algal groups (bacillariophyceae and dinophytes) to total chlorophyll a varied within 5% depending on the initial ratios chosen. The variations of estimates for the pico- and nanoplankton (cyanophytes and prasinophytes), which have relatively low contributions to total chlorophyll a, were higher than those for major algal group. Although the HPLC-pigment measurements combined with CHEMTAX analysis are useful for identifying and qualifying phytoplankton community structure, further researches for the pigment ratios of the dominant phytoplankton species presenting in a given area are also needed.

금강 유역 호소에서 출현하는 식물플랑크톤 군집구조 특성 분석

최용범,신윤근 한국하천호수학회 2021 생태와 환경 Vol.54 No.4

The present study investigated species richness and phytoplankton community structure in lakes in the Geum River Basin during autumn and spring seasons. Surveys were conducted between September and November 2019, and between April and May 2020, which corresponded to the autumn and spring seasons, respectively, to explore the distribution characteristics of the species. A total of 49 species of phytoplankton belonging to 31 genera and seven classes were identified in Cho Pyeong-ji, 51 species belonging to 29 genera and six classes were identified in Song Ak-ji, 49 species belonging to 32 genera and seven classes were identified in Cheong Cheon-ji, 82 species belonging to 45 genera and six classes were identified in Ye Dang�ji, and 70 species belonging to 40 genera and six classes were identified in Ganwol Lake. A total of 43 species belonging to 74 genera and seven classes were identified. The ranges of phytoplankton standing crop were as follows: 223~3533 cells mL-1 in Cho Pyeong-ji, 881~176018 cells mL-1 in Song Ak-ji, 402~6139 cells mL-1 in Cheong Cheon-ji, 262~10460 cells mL-1 in Ye Dang-ji, and 20413~330695 cells mL-1 in Ganwol Lake. Phytoplankton diversity in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 1.10~2.60, 0.56~2.03, 0.21~2.03, 0.65~2.57, and 0.44~1.12, respectively. Phytoplankton species richness in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 1.91~4.99, 1.82~3.26, 1.26~4.17, 2.07~5.37, and 1.90~2.43, respectively. Phytoplankton evenness indices in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 0.38~0.78, 0.18~0.69, 0.08~0.71, 0.22~0.72, and 0.14~0.38, respectively. Phytoplankton dominance indices in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 0.40~0.83, 0.55~0.96, 0.44~0.99, 0.42~0.93, and 0.89~0.97, respectively.