인종 정보에 따른 한국 영아의 얼굴 인식 발달

김윤,송현주 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.24 No.3

This study investigated 6-, and 9-month-old infants’ discrimination of their own race or other race faces. The experiment consisted of six familiarization trials and two test trials. During familiarization, infants watched either a caucasian or an asian face. During test, infants watched two faces. One was the same face as the one in familiarization trials but the face was presented at a different angle than in familiarization trials. The other was a novel face of the same race as the counterpart. Infants’ mean looking times at the faces in each trial was measured. The results shows that both 6- and 9-month-old infants discriminated asian faces but not caucasian faces. Thus, the capacity to recognize other-race face disappeared whereas the capacity to recognize own-race face was retained. This study suggests that race-based selective recognition is present early in life. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of experience on face recognition. 본 연구는 한국의 6, 9개월 영아가 타인의 얼굴을 변별하는데 인종에 따른 차이를 나타내는지 살펴보았다. 여섯 번의 친숙화 시행과 두 번의 검사 시행으로 이루어진 보기 선호 과제가 시행되었으며, 제시된 얼굴 자극들에 대한 영아의 응시 시간이 측정되었다. 연구 결과, 한국의 6, 9개월 영아는 황인종의 얼굴이 제시될 때 기존에 제시된 얼굴과 새로운 얼굴을 변별하였지만, 백인종의 얼굴은 그 차이를 잘 변별하지 못하였다. 본 연구는 생애 초기에서부터 인종에 기반을 둔 선택적 얼굴 인식이 한국 영아에게 나타난다는 것을 밝혔다. 본 연구는 이러한 경향이 나타나는 기제에 대해 경험과 지각의 관계를 중심으로 논의하였다.

인구통계학적 특성에 따른 경주사업별 경주특성에 대한 인식

문개성(KaeSungMoon),이정학(JeoungHakLee) 한국체육학회 2008 한국체육학회지 Vol.47 No.6

본 연구는 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 경주사업별 경주특성에 대한 인식차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위한 연구대상은 경마장(과천), 경륜장(광명), 경정장(하남)에서 각 경주사업 관람객 200명씩 600명을 표집하여 총 539명의 유효표본을 활용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSSWin VER 12.0을 통해 빈도분석(Frequency Analysis), 요인분석(Factor Analysis), 신뢰도분석(Reliability Analysis), 독립표본 t-검증(Independent samples t-test), 일원변량분석(One-way ANOVA) 등을 실시하여 얻은 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경주사업별 참가고객의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 경주특성에 대한 인식차이는 성별과 결혼유무 변인을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경주특성 하위요인 중 경주제도 요인은 경정사업에서 남자가 여자보다 인식도가 높고, 경마사업에서는 미혼이 기혼보다 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경주특성 하위요인 중 경주사업 이미지 요인은 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경주특성 하위요인 중 이벤트 요인은 경정사업에서 미혼이 기혼보다 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study was to examine the difference of perception toward each racing business's characteristics in terms of population statistics. Study subjects are including the major types of domestic racing businesses like horse racing (based on Kwachon), bicycle racing (Kwangmyeong), and motor boat racing(Hanam), from which 539 effective samples were obtained out of 600 people evenly collected from three business types. SPSSWIN VER 12.0 were utilized to conduct frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, Independent samples t-test, One-way ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows: (1) The difference of participant customer perception toward each racing business in terms of population statistics wasn't significant difference except sexes and marital status. (2) Racing system in racing characteristics was that man's perception is more higher than woman's in motor boat racing business and the unmarried is more higher than the married in horse racing business. (3) Racing business image in racing characteristics wasn't significant difference in terms of population statistics. (4) Event factor in racing characteristics was that perception of the unmarried is more higher than the married in motor boat racing business.

미국인의 소득 불평등 인식과 인종

이현송(Hyun Song Lee) 한국아메리카학회 2014 美國學論集 Vol.46 No.3

This study identifies the determinants of American's perception of income inequality by using the 2012 American National Election Studies dataset. The perception of income inequality is measured by a combination of two variables; whether they recognize the increase of income gap over the past 20 years and whether they think the increased income inequality is good for the United States. The perception of income inequality increases when they get older and live in the Mid West. Protestants perceive inequality less than those of other religions or non-religion. The more educated, the more do they perceive the income inequality. On the other hand family income has no significant relationship with the perception of income inequality. Differently from the commonsense, this research demonstrates, it is not the fact of being African-Americans or Hispanics that has significant effect on the perception of inequality. Instead racial prejudice is the real cause to have impact on the perception of income inequality. The close relationship of racial problem and the perception of income inequality is proven in that many explanatory variables affect on the perception differently among White, African American and Hispanics. The three groups display quite different effects in religion, immigrant status, and racial prejudice, while they show similar effects in age, education and political orientation. This research is meaningful in finding the fact that the perception of income inequality is related not to race itself but to racial attitudes on the one hand, and to the ideology of American Dream cherished by immigrants on the other.

Perceptions of election poll reporting and their effects on the support for election poll censorship: Structural equation models for mediating roles of the third person effect, importance of electability, and voting behavior and moderating role of education level

Kim Yong Ho 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2014 정치커뮤니케이션 연구 Vol.0 No.32

This study focuses on importance of perceptions of election polls published by mass media and their effects on the support for election poll censorship. Two hypothetical models using SEM technique are tested against survey data from a sample of 422 residents of Ulsan metropolitan city in S. Korea. One model predicts that the biased media perception affects the support for censorship through mediating third person effect and sincere vote, while the other model predicts that horse race reporting affects the support for censorship through mediating third person effect and strategic vote. Two models fit well with the data. In both models the third person effects were found to play key roles in the mediation processes. We discussed several unexpected findings from the data analysis and their implications for the Korean Election Act, Article 108 by which the media publication of election poll results is prohibited during the last 6 days before the election date.

Perceptions of election poll reporting and their effects on the support for election poll censorship: Structural equation models for mediating roles of the third person effect, importance of electability, and voting behavior and moderating role of education level

Kim Yong Ho 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2014 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

This study focuses on importance of perceptions of election polls published by mass media and their effects on the support for election poll censorship. Two hypothetical models using SEM technique are tested against survey data from a sample of 422 residents of Ulsan metropolitan city in S. Korea. One model predicts that the biased media perception affects the support for censorship through mediating third person effect and sincere vote, while the other model predicts that horse race reporting affects the support for censorship through mediating third person effect and strategic vote. Two models fit well with the data. In both models the third person effects were found to play key roles in the mediation processes. We discussed several unexpected findings from the data analysis and their implications for the Korean Election Act, Article 108 by which the media publication of election poll results is prohibited during the last 6 days before the election date.

Not So Black and White: Using Q‐Method Analysis to Identify Racial Perceptions in Memphis, Tennessee

Katherine Mae Wiederhold 한국주관성연구학회 2009 Journal of Human Subjectivity Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this project is to decipher the current racial perceptions of Memphians on the media’s representation of race in the city. Using a Q‐Method analysis, audience member perceptions were gauged. Perceptions were compared to and contrasted with those with similar and varying ethnographic and demographic information, with the researcher looking for similarities among individuals. By analyzing the Q‐deck card sort, audience members’ ideas, values, and perceptions became apparent, and certain conclusions concerning their reactions and subjective perceptions ―individually, racially, and collectively― were made. Each of the factors was made of up a very diverse group of respondents. Their views on crime and race in Memphis vary by each factor. Overall, this research has shown that people of various ages, genders, races, cultures can and do share outlooks on the world.

유아의 성별, 연령 및 다문화 유아 접촉 경험에 따른 유아의 인종에 대한 인식 및 다문화 가족에 대한 편견

구양연(Ouyang, Juan),유지회(Liu, Zhihui),현예함(Xuan, Yihan),장경은(Jahng, Kyung Eun) 한국교원대학교 유아교육연구소 2020 한국유아교육연구 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 인종에 대한 유아의 인식과 다문화 가족에 대한 유아의 편견이 유아의 성별, 나이 및 다문화 유아에 대한 노출 경험에 따라 다른지 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상자는 3∼5 세 유아 273명으로 구성하였다. 자료 수집을 위해 유아들을 개별 인터뷰하여 설문지에 응답하도록 하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 기술통계분석, 독립표본 t-테스트 및 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인종에 대한 유아의 인식은 유아의 성별과 연령에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 아시아인과 백인에 대한 유아들의 인식은 다문화 유아 노출경험에 따라 다르게 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 다문화 유아와 상호작용 경험이 있는 유아들은 그렇지 않은 유아들보다 흑인에 대해 더 긍정적 인식을 갖고 있었다. 둘째, 다문화 유아에 대한 편견은 유아의 나이와 다문화 유아와의 상호작용 경험에 따라 크게 달랐으나, 유아의 성별에 따라서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 여아들은 남아들보다 인종과 다문화 가족에 대하여 더 긍정적인 인식을 갖고 있었다. 다른 인종과 다문화 가족의 유아들에 대한 유아들의 긍정적인 인식 또한 나이가 들어감에 따라 증가했다. 따라서 인종적 고정관념이 조기에 시작된다는 점을 감안할 때 유아가 다양한 배경을 가진 사람들과 교류 할 수 있는 기회를 넓힐 수 있도록 다문화 교육을 재구성할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in young children s perceptions of race and prejudice against multicultural families according to their sex, age, and experience. Research participants included 273 3- to 5-year-old children. For data collection, children were individually interviewed and asked to respond to given questionnaires. Additionally, their mothers and teachers were also asked to respond to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and One-Way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. First, the participating children’s perceptions of race differed by their sex and age. Their perceptions of Asian and Caucasian individuals did not differ by their experiences of children from multicultural families. However, children who had been exposed to children from multicultural families displayed more positive perceptions of black individuals. Second, the children’s prejudice against multicultural families significantly differed by age and experience, but did not differ by sex. Third, girls had more positive perceptions of people of different races and multicultural families than boys. Children’s positive perceptions of people of different races and multicultural families also increased with age. Given that racial stereotypes start early, it is necessary to re-design multicultural education by giving children more opportunities to interact with those from different backgrounds.

Perceptions of election poll reporting and their effects on the support for election poll censorship: Structural equation models for mediating roles of the third person effect, importance of electability, and voting behavior and moderating role of educat

김용호 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2014 정치커뮤니케이션 연구 Vol. No.

This study focuses on importance of perceptions of election polls published bymass media and their effects on the support for election poll censorship. Twohypothetical models using SEM technique are tested against survey data from a sampleof 422 residents of Ulsan metropolitan city in S. Korea. One model predicts that thebiased media perception affects the support for censorship through mediating thirdperson effect and sincere vote, while the other model predicts that horse racereporting affects the support for censorship through mediating third person effect andstrategic vote. Two models fit well with the data. In both models the third personeffects were found to play key roles in the mediation processes. We discussed severalunexpected findings from the data analysis and their implications for the KoreanElection Act, Article 108 by which the media publication of election poll results isprohibited during the last 6 days before the election date.

山中峯太郎『民族』論 - アイヌ表象を中心に -

최준호 일본어문학회 2019 일본어문학 Vol.84 No.-

Yamanaka Minetaro’s “Minzoku” can be broadly divided into two depending on its contents. The first part is the part where the Japanese invasion process and resistance to it were drawn, centered on Sinetkuru and Sibichara. The second part is the part where Iboshi’s Ainu race fate and suffering and setback on revival were portrayed. Previous studies so far have mainly analyzed the second part. And they also criticize the writer for taking the responsibility of destroying the Ainu people or Asian nations to the victim, not the vicious invaders. However, according to the analysis of this article, the work depicts the image of ‘Nodarappu’, which has betrayed its own people and has become a subordinate to the Japanese, yet still hides the enemies of the Japanese inside. It also depicts ‘Sibichara’, who is trying to preserve the traditional lifestyle of Ainu society. In addition, it depicts a ‘Sinetkuru,’ who united the Ainu race and resisted the aggression as a son of a leader. There are also depictions of the villainous Japanese who are deceived and use the Ainu people suffering from them. Therefore, while this work has the characteristics of the literature for national policy, there is also the author’s understanding of the inner conflict and agony of the Ainu people on the other side. 山中峯太郎の『民族』はその内容によって大きく二つに分けられる。シネックルとシビチャラを中心に描かれた部分と、若いヰボシが描かれた部分である。先行研究では後者を主な分析対象として、作家がアイヌ民族ひいてはアジア諸民族の滅亡の責任を悪辣な侵略者の側ではなく被侵略者の側に求めていると批判する。 しかし、本稿における分析によると作品の中には同族を裏切って日本人の手下となりながらも、内面には日本人に対する敵愾心を潜ませていたノダラップ、既存のアイヌ社会の伝統的な生活様式を守ろうとするシビチャラ、オテナ(酋長)の息子としてアイヌ民族を団結させて侵略者である日本人たちに抵抗するシネックルなど、多様なアイヌ人像が描かれている。また、卑劣な謀略をもってアイヌ民族を欺き利用しようとする日本人たちと、そのような日本人が経営する漁場において過酷な環境で低賃金による重労働を強いられるアイヌの惨状、そして日本政府の政策に従って農業に従事するもむしろ税負担によって貧しさが増す現状なども描かれている。 従って、この作品には時代迎合的な国策文学としての性質が備えられている一方で、その根底にはアイヌ民族が持つ内的葛藤と苦悩に対する理解の眼差しをも横たわっている。

흑인과 백인이라고 생각하지 않음: Q 방법 분석을 적용한 테네시 멤피스 내의 인종 인식 식별에 대한 연구

( Katherine Mae Wiederhold ) 한국주관성연구학회 2009 Journal of Human Subjectivity Vol.7 No.1