단보 : 우리나라 논 이용 조류 현황

김미란 ( Mi Ran Kim ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),김명현 ( Myung Hyun Kim ),조광진 ( Kwang Jin Cho ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.2

BACKGROUND: Rice paddies not only produce food but also provides wildlife habitats. Although more than half agricultural land of South Korea is rice paddy, a few studies have been conducted in rice paddy ecosystem. We investigated a status of bird using a rice paddy in South Korea using published data. METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using a rice paddy have been defined as birds which breed, rest or forage on rice paddy, bank, reservoirs or irrigation ditches. According to the publication from 1980s, birds using a rice paddy were total 47 families 279 species. Scolopacidae and Charadriidae (18%), Falconidae, Accipitridae and Strigidae (12%) and Anatidae (11%) used a rice paddy. Half of bird species using a rice paddy visited a dried rice paddy during the winter and 39.4% of them used a flooded rice paddy in spring, autumn or summer. Dependency on a rice paddy was high in ducks, egrets, cranes, and shorebirds. Population of dabbling ducks has decreased for last 12 years while cranes have increased. CONCLUSION(S): Rice paddies provide both migratory and terrestrial birds including endangered species for habitate all through the year in Korea.

우리나라 논 서식 물방개과의 지리적 분포

한민수 ( Min Su Han ),김명현 ( Myung Hyun Kim ),방혜선 ( Hea Son Bang ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ),이덕배 ( Deog Bae Lee ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.2

BACKGROUND: The paddy ecosystem is periodically disturbed with a relatively consistent cycle in short term. However, in long term aspect, the paddy as habitats of organisms has been affected by the change in farming practices. Accordingly, the composition and their densities of fauna species inhabiting the wet paddy has been changed. The geological distribution of a species is very helpful to understand the past and current status of habitats and biodiversity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We monitored 290 sites of open plain paddy or terraced valley paddy located in 138 cities or counties of South Korea and analyzed examine geological distribution of a taxon of freshwater invertebrates, diving beetles (Dytiscidae) which inhabited the paddy ecosystem. This survey was conducted from 2005 through 2007. The total species of diving beetles found in the paddy were identified to be 15 genus 26 species among the family of Dytiscidae. Among them, 24 species were found in the terraced valleys-in paddy fields, and 19 species were found in the open plain paddy fields. Eleven species of them were rarely found in the paddy. The average body size of the adult diving beetles of each species was between 2.0 and 35.0 mm. Most of the diving beetle species except for 11 species with rare frequency of occurrence were found in almost all sites of the terraced valley paddy fields but three species (Agabus browni, Agabus japnicus, and Ilybius apicalis) were not found in the open plain paddy fields. The species distributed relatively widely over some sites of the open plain paddy fields were Guignotus japonicus, and Rhantus pulverosus. Specifically, Ilybius apicalis was found in a specific region, the east-southern part of Korean peninsula, whereas Coelambus chinensis was found only in valley paddy field of the region where Ilybius apicalis was not found. Overall distribution range of diving beetles in open plain paddy fields was limited to few area than in terraced valley paddy fields. CONCLUSION(s): The differences in the range of distribution of diving beetles between terraced valley paddy fields and open plain paddy fields was thought to be the result of an complex action of physico-chemical environments such as annual water status and the degree of chemical application involving differences in the extent of disturbance of the paddy ecosystem, the connectivity of the paddy to an adjacent biotope, and interrelationships among competitors.

답전윤환 생산체계 조사 평가

윤성탁,제은경,김영중,정인호,한태규,김태윤,조용손,윤을수 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

답전윤환에 있어서 토양 pH는 논을 밭으로 윤환 시에는 pH가 증가하기도 하지만, 대체적으로 윤환연차가 증가함에 따라 pH가 계속 낮아지는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 토양의 질소, 인산 및 규산 등의 양분동태를 보면 가급태 질소함량은 수도연작구보다 논-밭 매년윤환구 및 2년 윤환구에서 많았다. 그러나 밭윤환지를 다시 논으로 전환 시에는 무기태 질소함량은 낮아지는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 인산함량은 수도 연속재배구에 비해 답전윤환지에서 증가하였으며, 토양유기물 함량은 논을 밭으로 윤환후 논전환하여 수도를 재배한 구의 유기물함량은 수도 연속재배구에 비해 감소하는 경향이었다. 윤환기간에 따른 토양유기물 함량은 수도연작구에서는 큰 변동이 없었으나, 밭윤환 3연차부터는 크게 감소하였다. 논을 밭윤환하면 토양공극률은 논상태인 경우보다 밭윤환 재배하였을 때 표토나 심토에서 공극률이 높았다. 토양의 용적밀도는 일반적으로 수도연작구는 변화가 없었으나, 밭윤환구에서는 용적밀도가 낮아졌다. 토양 3상은 수도연작구보다는 밭윤환 후 다시 논전환된 복원답이 표토, 심토에서 모두 기상율, 공극율 등이 높아 전반적인 토양 3상이 더 좋았다. 답전윤환 경지에서의 잡초발생 양상을 보면 논을 밭으로 윤환한 포장에서는 사초, 광엽초종이 많고 화본과 초종이 적게 분포한 반면 기존 밭연속 재배지에서는 화본과 초종이 많이 발생하였다. 밭윤환 첫해에는 논잡초가 다양하게 분포하였으나, 4년차에는 논잡초가 감소하면서 밭잡초가 우점하는 경향을 보였다. 답전윤환에 있어서 대두수량은 밭윤환에 의하여 15% 증수 및 밭작물 연작장해가 경감되는 경향이었다. 맥류의 답전윤환에서의 보리 생육 및 수량변화는 보리수량은 대조구에 비해 윤환구에서 증수되었고, 특히 콩-보리구는 비료를 적게 시비해도 증수율이 높은 경향이었다. 옥수수 수량은 밭윤환 후 첫해보다는 2년, 3년 연작재배에서 수량이 증가하는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 율무의 수량은 수도작 후 밭윤환 첫해에 수량이 가장 높은 경향이었으며, 그 후 연작시에는 감수되는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어 밭으로부터 논윤환 후 연차별 벼수량은 수도연작구에 비하여 매년윤환구에 비해 2년윤환구く3년 윤환구 순으로 밭상태 재배연수가 증가할수록 증수 정도가 큰 경향을 보였다는 결과와 3년 연작구나 격년 연작구에 비해 2년째 윤환구에서 벼 수량이 높았다는 보고 등이 혼재하였다. 답전윤환에 있어서 적정 답전윤환 연수는 논-밭-논-밭-논 윤환과정에서 각각 3 ~ 4년 이상이 되면 지력이 저하하여 윤환에 따른 유리함이 감소되고 병충해 및 잡초발생도 전환기간이 길어질수록 답전윤환의 효과가 감소되어 밭기간 3년, 논기간 3년의 6년 1주기로 하는 것이 적합하였다. In the paddy-upland rotation system, soil pH had no yearly variation in continuous ricepaddy field, but when it was changed to be upland, the soil pH had the tendency to be lower as yearly cultivation of upland was increased. Available form of nitrogen content was higher in annual and biennial paddy-upland rotated field compared to continuous rice-paddy cultivation. Soil phosphate content was increased in paddy-upland rotation system compared to continuous rice-paddy plot. Content of soil organic matter showed the tendency to be decreased in rotated upland field especially the third year upland rotated. Soil pore ratio was increased as paddy field was rotated to be upland in both surface and deep soil compared to continuous rice paddy cultivation. Soil hardness in 20cm deep decreased as rotated upland cultivation was longer and the rotated paddy rice field after upland cultivation. Though there was no change of soil volume density in continuous rice paddy field, it was decreased in rotated upland. In the status of weed occurrence in paddy-upland rotation system, though gramineous weeds were dominant in continuous upland field cultivation, cyperaceae and broad-leaved weeds were higher and the gramineous weeds were lower in rotated upland cultivation from rice-paddy field. Though the occurrence of aquatic weeds were dominant species in the rotated upland field in the 1st year cultivation from paddy field, occurrence of aquatic weeds seemed to be diminished and upland weeds were increased in rotated upland field cultivation of the 4th year. Results of soybean productivity in paddyupland rotation system, it was increased 15% generally. Yield of wheat and barley increased, especially soybean-barley cropping system with low fertilizing. Barley yield seemed to be increased as rotated year was longer by 4 year of rotated upland in both sandy loam and clay loam in yearly variation. Maize yield increased in the 2nd and the 3rd year rotated upland cultivation from rice-paddy field compared to the yield of the 1st year. Generally rice yield increased in paddy-upland rotation system compared to continuous rice-paddy cultivation. Results of yearly variation of rice yield in the paddy-upland rotation system was various. One reported that rice yield was higher in order of the 3rd year> the 2nd year> the 1st year rotated rice-paddy cultivation from upland field, the other reported that the 2nd year rotated rice paddy field rotated from upland showed the highest yield compared to the 3rd year and the 1st year of paddy field cultivation. Optimum year of paddy-upland rotation in paddy-upland rotation system seemed to be 6 years (three years of upland plus three years of paddy rice) of 1 cycle. Because paddy-upland rotation of each upland and rice-paddy over 3 and 4 years’s cultivation lead to decrease the soil fertility and increase the occurrence of weeds, diseases and insects.

토양 및 수질 특성 비교를 통한 유기논과 관행논의 환경 특성 분석

이태구(Tae-Gu Lee),구본운(Bon-Wun Gu),박성직(Seong-Jik Park) 대한환경공학회 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.9

본 연구에서는 토양 및 수질 특성 모니터링을 통한 유기논과 관행논의 환경 영향을 조사하였다. 용인과 안성 지역의 유기논과 관행논에서 표층(0~15 cm) 및 심층(15~30 cm) 토양과 수질 시료를 채취 및 분석하였다. 집단 간의 유의성의 차이는 던컨의 다중검정으로 판별하였다. 실험 결과 T-P 농도는 표층 및 심층 토양 모두에서 안성 지역이 용인 지역보다 높게 나타났다. 안성 논토양에서 유기논과 관행논의 T-P 농도의 차이는 유의미한 차이를 보였지만, 용인에서는 나타나지 않았다. 용인과 안성 지역 모두에서 유기논 토양의 T-N 농도는 관행논 보다 낮게 나타났다. 안성 유기논의 심층 토양의 수분함량은 다른 논에 비하여 현저한 차이가 나타났으며, 이는 silt-clay 함량 결과와 일치한다. 관행논 물의 pH와 EC는 유기논에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 안성 지역에서 관행논의 COD, T-P, 그리고 PO4-P가 유기논에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 T-N을 제외하고 토양 특성과 수질 결과 간에 상관성이 없었다. In this study, we investigated the environmental impact of organic and conventional paddy by monitoring soil properties and water quality. We sampled and analyzed topsoil (0~15 cm), subsoil (15~30 cm), and water of organic and conventional paddy fields in Yongin and Anseong, South Korea. The statistical significance between groups was determined by Duncan"s multiple range test. The results show that T-P concentrations in both topsoil and subsoil of Anseong paddy were higher than those of Yongin paddy. The significant difference of T-P between organic and conventional paddy was observed in Anseong but not in Yongin. T-N of organic paddy soil was lower than that of conventional paddy in both Anseong and Yongin region. Water content for subsoil of organic paddy in Anseong was significantly different from others, which is consistent with the results of silt-clay content. pH and EC of water in conventional paddy were higher than those in organic paddy. In Anseong, COD, T-P, and PO4-P concentration of conventional paddy were higher than those of organic paddy. The regression analysis presented that there were no significant relationship between soil properties and water quality data except T-N.

농업비점 삭감량 산정을 위한 HSPF Paddy-RCH 적용성에 관한 연구

정신혜(Shin Hye Jung),이한필(Han-Pil Rhee),황하선(Ha Sun Hwang),윤춘경(Chun Gyeong Yoon) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.12

목적: 하천의 목표수질 달성을 위해서는 오염부하 기여도가 높은 비점오염원을 줄이는 것이 우선적으로 행해져야 한다. 많은 비점오염원 중에서도 농업 비점오염원은 광범위한 면적에서 불규칙적으로 배출되는 특성이 있어 오염배출원의 정량화 및 대책마련이 힘든 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 논 비점오염 배출량 산정을 위해 HSPF Paddy-RCH 모델의 적용성을 평가하였다. 방법: HSPF Paddy-RCH 기법은 논의 담수 및 비담수 상태에서의 물수지 및 물질수지 모의를 위해 HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN)의 투수층 모듈(PERLAND)과 하천 모듈(RCHRES)의 기능을 조합하여 개발되었다. 연구지역은 배수계통이 단순하여 외부로부터의 유입 및 영향이 적은 계성천유역이 선택되었으며, 다양한 시비조건과 다양한 영농조건에 대한 적용성은 각각 필지논(100%, 89%, 76% 시비조건)과 광역논 유역에서 평가하였다. 결과 및 토의: 관행시비조건의 논(필지논, 100% 시비)에서 HSPF Paddy-RCH 모형의 매개변수를 보정한 결과 논에서 실측된 유량(R²=0.825)과 수질(BOD, T-N, T-P, 상대오차 [%diff] < 7.52%)을 잘 모의하는 것으로 나타났다. 보정된 매개변수는 일반 하천보다 느린 논의 영양물질 분해속도를 잘 반영하고 있었다. 동일 매개변수를 이용하여 다양한 시비량과 영농조건에 대한 적용성을 평가한 결과 유량과 수질항목 모두 실측값을 잘 모의하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 특정지역에 한정된 매개변수이므로 모형의 적용성을 높이기 위해서는 다양한 기후 및 영농특성을 가지는 지역에서 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 결론: 모형의 적용성을 평가한 결과 HSPF Paddy-RCH는 영농조건에 따른 논의 수질개선효과 및 총량관리 삭감부하량 산정에 효과적인 도구로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Objectives : Non-point source pollution (NPS) reduction has been considered as the first priority in South Korea to achieve acceptable water quality. Among many NPS pollutions, agricultural NPS is one of the major NPS contributor due to its vast area. However, agricultural NPS characterization has not been successful because agricultural NPS has inconsistent water and mass balances, thus has lacking NPS reduction measures. This study assesses applicability of HSPF Paddy-RCH method to estimate agricultural NPS loads in paddy rice field. Methods : HSPF Paddy-RCH method was developed to simulate water and mass balance in paddy rice field(s). Applicability of the developed method was tested in Gyeseongcheon watershed in Nakdong River basin, South Korea. The study area was selected because there is no other major pollutant source except the paddy fields, but has simple drainage system. HSPF Paddy-RCH method was calibrated in control paddy field with conventional fertilizing condition and applied to two small scale paddy fields (89% and 76% fertilizing condition). The calibrated HSPF Paddy-RCH method was then tested in small watershed (subbasin) including small paddy fields applied earlier for applicability study of watershed scale. Results and Discussion : Calibrated HSPF Paddy-RCH method well represented observed flow rates (R²=0.825) and water-quality (BOD, T-N, T-P, relative differences [%diff] < 7.52%). Water-quality parameters for the control paddy field showed slower decaying rate than river and stream. The calibrated HSPF Paddy-RCH well represented water and mass balance for the small scale paddy fields with varying fertilizing condition (R² > 0.689 for flow rate, %diff < 12.20% for water quality), as well as for the small scale watershed with large scale paddy fields (R² > 0.693 for flow rate, %diff < 19.29% for water quality) could promise. Conclusions : This applicability study results would suggest that HSPF Paddy-RCH method is a feasible tool to quantify agricultural NPS pollution and to develop reduction measured for paddy rice field.

남해 가천마을 다랑이논 경관의 시각적 특성에 관한 연구

윤경숙 ( Kyung Sook Youn ),이창훈 ( Chang Hun Lee ),이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ) 한국전통조경학회 2010 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.28 No.4

남해 가천마을 다랑이논은 해안 경사지의 특수한 지형환경에 입지하여 자연적 경관 미가 나타나며 지속적인 경작을 위한 한국적 원 풍경으로 전통경관이라 할 수 있다. 매력적인 다랑이논 경관이 있음에도 경관을 보전함에서 시각적인 해석은 불충분하고, 여러 가지 면에서 다랑이논 경관 전체를 보전해가는 것이 어렵게 되어 있다. 이에 대하여 남해 해안 지역의 다랑이논을 중점적으로 보전해 가는 것이 더욱 현실적인 방법이라고 생각되며, 각 시점과 조망대상과의 관계성의 명확화가 필요하다는 판단 아래 시각적 특성에 대한 조사를 실시하였으며 다음과 같은 내용을 도출하였다. 첫째, 남해 가천마을 다랑이논 지역의 대표적인 시각구조를 알아보았고, 그 시각적 특징을 살펴볼 때 다랑이논 우수 조망점들은 대부분 수평에서 아래로 내려다보는 각이 대부분이었으며, 그 범위는 주로 시각적으로 중심영역이 되는 하안 값 -5°~-30° 이내로 조사되었다. 분석된 수치에서 다수의 사람이 양호하다고 판단되는 다랑이논 경관은 시각적으로 조망이 양호한 곳에 형성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 시각구조에 나타난 다랑이논의 경관 형태를 보는 방법은, 앞으로의 다랑이논의 조망거점의 정비에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 둘째, 가천 다랑이논 경관 요소에 있어 다랑이논 외 주변요소가 경관구성에 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 경관 요소 분석에서, 다랑이논이 경관의 주체가 되어 있음에도, 논이라는 개체와 다랑이논 주변에 분포하는 산림, 하늘, 바다, 취락지, 도로 등의 주변요소가 시각적 인지 부분에서 상관도가 높음을 보였다. 다랑이논을 제외한 주변요소들도 다랑이논 경관 형성에 중요한 부분을 차지함을 확인할 수 있었고, 논이라는 요소와 함께 경관을 연출하는 중요한 요소라는 것이 입증되었다. 다양한 경관 요소는 원거리의 경관 형태에서 특히 현저하게 나타났고, 우수한 경관연출은 다랑이논 이외 주변요소들이 필요 불가결한 위치에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 다랑이논의 경관보전을 고려했을 때, 논이 지형에서 단 차를 보이는 형태적 요소만을 대상으로 하는 것은 충분하지 않고 다랑이논의 주변요소도 염두에 두고 종합적인 검토를 할 필요가 있다고 사료되어 진다. 셋째, 경관의 변화에서 계절별 특성이 뚜렷하나, 그중 설문분석에 의해 볼 때, 연중 봄철 물 대는 시기와 하루 중에서 역광촬영이 가능한 시기가 다랑이논 경관이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 위의 내용을 바탕으로 다랑이논 경관의 시각적 특성, 시각과 요소의 구성 및 일조 조건 등은 다른 지역의 다랑이논에 있어서도 공통점이 있을 것으로 보고, 다른 지역에서도 일조 조건 등을 가미한 양호한 다랑이논 경관이 얻어질 수 있는 시점을 확보하는 것과 거기서 보이는 다랑이논과 주변요소, 혹은 양호한 경관을 구성하는 요소들을 중점적으로 관리하는 방법들을 연구하여 다랑이논을 보전하여 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되어 진다. Darangyi paddy in Namhae Gachon village provides natural beauty with its distinct location. Darangyi is a traditional Korean landscape, shaping a circular form to serve continuous cultivation. Despite the paddy`s landscape, it is difficult to preserve its natural scenery due to many factors such as inadequate visual analysis. Under the belief that there is a necessity to preserve Darangyi paddy, the research in visual features of the paddy began to illustrate the relevance between its viewpoint and landscape objects. First, we researched typical view structures. When considering the visual features, Darangyi paddy landscape objects has a viewpoint from the horizontality to its below, which its center area is about -5°~-30°. From the analyzed data, the scenary of Darangyi paddy, which most people agree its decency, is formed in a visually decent location. The above type of measure of visual structure in Darangyi paddy is expected to be applied in maintenance of foothold of views in the future. Second, the surrounding elements play important parts to form the whole landscape of Gachon Darangyi paddy. Although Darangyi paddy is the principal part of the scenary, the landscape analysis showed a high relevance with the paddy`s identity, forest around the paddy, sky, ocean, settlements, and the roads in terms of visual perception. It was affirmed that those elements around the paddy play important parts in structuring and providing the beauty of the whole landscape. Variousviewy objects are seen obvious especially in a long distance, and the splendid scenary proved that those viewy objects are in indispensable location. In order to preserve the paddy, it seems necessary to consider the surrounding envrionment of Darangyi paddy, not just the paddy`s sole landscape form. Third, Darangyi paddy has a distinct seasonal characteristics. According to the survey analysis, the full heading time in spring and time when people can take a picture against the sun light proved magnificence of Darangyi paddy. Thus, it would be ideal to maintain Darangyi paddy by securing the sunlight condition with decent landscape view and the views from its surrounding environments or researching the ways to principally maintain the surrounding environments.

한국의 묵논에서 멸종위기식물의 복원생태학적 연구 및 서식지 관리방안

이수인,이응필,홍용식,김의주,이승연,박재훈,장래하,유영한 한국습지학회 2020 한국습지학회지 Vol.22 No.2

As part of method for ecologically utilizing abandoned paddy, potential of the abandoned paddy as a target site for ex-situ conservation of 9 endangered species of different life form was confirmed by considering the nature of rice paddy. In order to create Dum-bung, a component of traditional Korean rice paddy, a part of the abandoned paddy was modified to change the water environment. The seeds, asexual reproductive and sexually reproductive individuals of each endangerd species were transplanted into the abandoned paddy to observe the survival rate and phenological response for 1 year, and then monitored for 2 years. As a result, Hydrophyte 4 taxa (Euryale ferox, Saururus chinensis, Dysophylla yatabeana, Menyanthes trifoliata), Geophyte taxa 1 (Epilobium hirsutum), and Hemicryptophyte taxa 1 (Cicuta virosa) could be introduced into the abandoned paddy. In particular, Euryale ferox, Dysophylla yatabeana, and Menyanthes trifoliata should be introduced into Dum-bung, and Saururus chinensis, Epilobium hirsutum, and Cicuta virosa should be introduced into paddy wetland. Growth of Euryale ferox and Brasenia schreberi was inhibited by herbaceous species, and the growth of Epilobium hirsutum was inhibited by herbivores. Therefore, in order to help efficient settlement of endangered plants introduced in abandoned paddy, it is necessary to remove herbs that inhibit growth and to manage herbivores. In addition, it is necessary to prevent the collapse of paddy bank by planting on the paddy field trees or herbaceous forming vegetation mat. When using abandoned paddy ecologically, it is effective to diversify the moisture environment by creating a Dum-bung to increase biodiversity.

벼 논에서 토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 및 농업기후대가 CH₄ 배출에 미치는 영향

고지연,이재생,우관식,송석보,강종래,서명철,곽도연,오병근,남민희,Ko, Jee-Yeon,Lee, Jae-Saeng,Woo, Koan-Sik,Song, Seok-Bo,Kang, Jong-Rae,Seo, Myung-Chul,Kwak, Do-Yeon,Oh, Byeong-Gun,Nam, Min-Hee 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

영남지역에서 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자, 2004년, 2005 및 2007년의 3년간 경남 밀양에 위치한 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 시험포장과 인근 포장에서 연구를 수행하였다. 논토양에서 온실가스 배출과 관련 깊은 자연적 요인인 논토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 (보통답, 미숙답, 습답 및 사질답) 및 농업기후대별 (영남내륙지대, 영남내륙산간지대 평지 및 산지, 동해안중부지대) 로 $CH_4$ 배출량을 조사하였다. 논토양 유기물 함량에 따른 $CH_4$ 배출량은 동일비료의 장기연용에 의하여 인접한 토양임에도 토양유기물 함량이 서로 다른 시험구에서 벼 표준재배법에 따라 동일하게 시비관리하면서 조사하였다. 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량은 GWP 기준으로 3요소+퇴비 장기시용에 의하여 유기물 함량이 가장 높았던 처리구에서 $CH_4$ 배출량이 $3,597kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 퇴비 72.1%, 3요소 70.5%, 3요소+규산 49.9% 및 무비 41.1%의 순으로 나타났다. 이는 토양 유기물 함량의 순서와 일치하였으며, 논토양 온실가스 배출량과 토양 유기물 함량 사이에는 r = $0.963^{**}$의 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다 (y = $4.3096x^{1.81314}$, 단 x는 토양 유기물함량, g $kg^{-1}$).논 유형별 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP) 은 토양 투수속도가 느리고, 유기물 함량이 높아 토양의 혐기상태가 강하게 유지되는 습답에서 $14,160kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 많았고, 미숙답은 64.0%, 보통답 46.8%, 사질답 23.8%의 순으로 나타났다. 농업기후대에 따른 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP)은 벼 재배기간 중 평균기온이 가장 높았던 영남내륙지대 (밀양)에서 $4,967kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 배출량이 많았 고, 동해안중부지대 (영덕) 94.6%, 영남내륙산간 평지 (상주 신봉) 91.7% 및 영남내륙산간 산지 (상주 화서) 78.9%의 순이었다. 기후대별 온도인자 중 7-9월 평균기온과 논토양 온실가스 배출량 사이의 회귀식은 y = 389.7x-4,287(단 x는 농업기후대별 7-9월 평균기온, $R^2=0.906^*$)이었다. 이와 같은 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해를 높임으로써 논토양 입지조건을 고려한 온실가스 저감방법 구명 및 개발에 기초연구로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. $CH_4$ emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$), The highest $CH_4$ emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$. High correlation coefficient (r=$0.963^{**}$) was obtained between $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy, immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest $CH_4$ emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated, which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) > PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x-4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, $R^2=0.906^*$)

벼 논에서 토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 및 농업기후대가 CH4 배출에 미치는 영향

고지연,이재생,우관식,송석보,강종래,서명철,곽도연,오병근,남민희 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, CH_4 emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. CH_4 emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and 38.0 g kg^-1), The highest CH_4 emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of 38.0 g kg^-1. High correlation coefficient (r=0.963^*^*) was obtained between CH_4 emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, CH_4 emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy,immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest CH_4 emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on CH_4 emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated,which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of CH4 emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) >PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between CH_4 emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x–4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, R^2=0.906^*)

유기논 및 관행논에서 시비에 따른 담수 수질 및 토양 특성

구본운 ( Bon-wun Gu ),박성직 ( Seong-jik Park ) 한국수처리학회 2016 한국수처리학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The aim of this study is to investigate the ponded water quality of conventional paddy and organic paddy at different fertilization times. Water and soil were sampled and analyzed two times, after basal fertilization (May 2015) and after additional fertilization (August 2015). The statistical significance between groups was determined by Duncan`s multiple range test. The results show that pH, COD, and SS of ponded water were not statistically dependent on fertilization timing and farming methods. EC of ponded water in conventional paddy after additional fertilization was higher than that of organic paddy, and higher BOD was observed after additional fertilization than after basal fertilization. In contrast to T-N, NH₄-N, and NO₂-N, fertilization timing statistically influenced on NO₃-N, T-P and PO₄-P. T-P and PO₄-P concentrations of ponded water in organic and conventional paddy were also different depending on the farming method. Soils in conventional and organic paddy were also sampled and analyzed to compare them with water quality data. pH and EC of paddy soil were not statistically dependent on fertilization timing and farming methods. Higher OM content was observed in conventional paddy than organic paddy. Although T-N, NH₄-N, and NO₃-N of ponded water were not dependent on fertilization timing, their amounts in soils were varied with fertilization timing. T-P in soil was higher after additional fertilization than after basal fertilization and vice versa, P₂O₅ was higher after basal fertilization. It can be concluded that fertilization timing influenced on ponded water quality more than farming methods.