Plasma Oligomeric Beta Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease with History of Agent Orange Exposure

양영순,Vo Van Giau,안성수,SangYun Kim 대한치매학회 2018 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.17 No.2

Background and Purpose: During the Vietnam War, many Korean soldiers were exposed to Agent Orange. Until now, there existed only limited evidence of association between exposure to Agent Orange and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main pathological feature of AD is brain amyloidosis. To explore the pathophysiological characteristic of AD with Agent Orange exposure, we compared newly developed amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer levels in plasma between AD with Agent Orange exposure and without exposure. Methods: We recruited 48 AD patients with Agent Orange exposure and 66 AD patients without Agent Orange. Using the Multimer Detection System technique, which was based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured Aβ oligomers in the plasma of study subjects. Results: Compared to normal control patients, plasma Aβ oligomer levels were higher in AD patients regardless of history of Agent Orange exposure. However, AD patients with Agent Orange exposure showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels than AD patients without Agent Orange. Discussion: This study showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels in AD patients with Agent Orange exposure compared to AD patients without Agent Orange. This finding suggests the possibility of a different pathophysiology of AD patients with Agent Orange exposure from AD patients without Agent Orange.

Is Parkinson’s Disease with History of Agent Orange Exposure Different from Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease?

양영순,천미주,곽용태 대한치매학회 2016 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.15 No.3

Background and Purpose During Vietnam War, many Korean soldiers were dispatched to fight in the war where they were exposed toAgent Orange. Until now, there exist only limited evidence on existence of association between exposure to Agent Orange and Parkinson’sdisease (PD). To elucidate the effects of Agent Orange exposure on PD, we compared the clinical characteristics and radiolabeled 18F-FP-CITPET uptake between patients with Agent Orange exposure and patients with Agent Orange no-exposure. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 143 patients exposed to Agent Orange and 500 patients with no exposure to Agent Orange from ourmovement clinics database. The differences between clinical characteristics and pattern of 18F-FP-CIT PET uptake were investigated. Results Among Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III motor subscales, tremor at rest, rigidity, finger taps, and rapid alternatingmovement was significantly higher in patients exposed to Agent Orange as compared to patients with no exposure to Agent Orange. The facialexpression score was significantly lower in patients exposed to Agent Orange as compared to patients with no exposure to Agent Orange. Compared to patients not exposed to Agent Orange, all basal ganglia areas (contra- and ipsilateral caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, andposterior putamen) showed a lower18F-FP-CIT uptake and higher asymmetry index of anterior and posterior putamen was found in patientsexposed to Agent Orange. The caudate/putamen ratio was significantly lower in patients exposed to Agent Orange as compared to patientswith no exposure to Agent Orange. Conclusions This study showed a different clinical profile and FP-CIT PET findings between patients exposed to Agent Orange as comparedto patients with no exposure to Agent Orange. This finding suggests the possibility of different pathophysiology of PD in patients exposedto Agent Orange from idiopathic PD.

Acridine Orange 염색법을 이용한 말라리아의 진단

임채승,김영기,이갑노,김대성,김순덕,염용태 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.2

배경:최근 한국에서의 토착형 말라리아는 1993년을 기점으로 점차 증가하여 1996년도에는 발생 환자가 350명을 넘게 되어 한국도 이제 토착형 말라리아가 정착한 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 아직까지 말라리아의 진단은 말초혈액도말이나 후층도말법등 기초적인 진단법에 의존하고 있어 예민도가 높은 진단법이 요구되는 상황이나 아직 국내의 연구는 부족하여 저자들은 말라리아 진단시 예민도가 높다고 보고된 형광 염색법인 acridine orange염색법을 적용하여 기존의 진단법과 비교하였다. 방법:저자들은 1996년 경기도에서 의뢰된 말라리아 의심 검체 20개와 군 병원에 입원한 환자 67명의 치료전 후 혈액을 이용하여 박충 및 후충도말을 만들어 Giemsa 염색을 실시하였고 동일 혈액도말검체에 acridine orange 염색액을 한 방울(10-50㎍/mL)떨어뜨려 염색을 실시하였다. 이를 경험이 풍부한 말라리아 전문가가 광학 현미경과 형광 현미경으로 판독하여 각 방법간의 예민도를 비교하였다. 결과:대상 검체에서 acridine orange 염색법의 예민도는 83%로 박충도말법과(82%) 후충도말법(83%)과 우월하거나 비슷하였고 시간 면에서는 기존 방법에 비하여 월등히 우수하였다. 결론:말라리아 진단에 있어 acridine orange 염색법은 예민도가 높고, 조작이 쉽고 시간도 빠르다는 장점이 있어 초보자와 대량 검체의 검사시 선별 검사로서 유용할 것으로 생각되었다. Background: In South Korea, indigenous malaria has been reappeared since 1993 and more than 350 cases diagnosed in 1996. For the diagnosis of malaria the classic methods such as thin and thick blood smears with Giemsa or Wright stain has been routinely used. Since recently fluorochrome staining has been shown to be more sensitive, easy to do, and less time-consuming, we applied the new method, Acridine orange stain, for diagnosis of clinically suspected cases. Methods: Thin and thick blood smears were prepared from civilian patients of Kyunggi Province(n=20) and Republic Of Korea army patients pre(n=67) and posttreatment(n=13) of malaria. The slides were fixed by methanol and stained by either Giemsa or Acridine orange solution(10-50㎍/mL). For comparison, an expert on malaria diagnosis examined them by light and fluorescent microscope, respectively. Result: Acridine orange stain was found to be a rapid technique, and as sensitive(83%) as thick smears(83%) for diagnosis of malaria. The detection limit of acridine orange stain was 23.5 parasites/μ1 of blood. The staining time was much shorter(30 sec) than that of Giemsa stain(30-60min). Conclusion: Acridine orange stain is evaluated as a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for malaria diagnosis, compared with Giemsa stain.

양어용 사료첨가제로서 감귤발효액 (EM-Fermented Orange)의 항산화특성

문상욱,이영돈,이준백,고유봉 제주대학교 해양연구소 2000 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.24 No.-

Mandarine orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) only added with sugar was fermented by effective microorganisms (EM). called "EM-fermented orange". EM was mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria. phototrophic bacteria and yeast. As pH of EM-fermented orange reached 3.5 to 4.0 in the course of fermentation. the incubation was stopped. and then. EM-fermented orange was preservable at room temperature for about 6 months. Composition and concentration of free amino acids in EM-fermented orange were analyzed. Concentration of total amino acids was 167 mg/l. and the relative content of carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) which was well known as a kind of antioxidant materials was very high. 41%. In addition. crude extract showing antioxidant activity could be obtained from EM-fermented orange using some organic solvents. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract was equivalent to about 9% of that of vitamin E by the use of 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. It was suggested that EM-fermented orange having antioxidant characteristics could promote the health of fish.

Methyl Orange를 이용한 나일론 직물의 염색 및 산성용액 접촉에 따른 색 변화

이소현,강채린,박진희,이정진 한국섬유공학회 2020 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.57 No.2

Strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, are colorless and are not easily detected when leaked. Halochromic dyes can be used for detecting strong acids because they show different colors when exposed to acid liquids. In this study, methyl orange was used as a pH-indicating dye in detecting acid liquids. Nylon 66 woven fabric was dyed with methyl orange, and the dyeing properties were determined, along with the pH-sensing property, colorfastness, and fixing agent effect. Methyl orange in an aqueous solution showed maximum absorption at 464 nm with orange color at a pH of 5−10, whereas the maximum absorption changed to 507 nm showing red color at a pH of 2. Nylon 66 dyed with methyl orange exhibited a good color yield (K/S), and the dyeing property was influenced by the pH and dye concentration. When the dyed sample was immersed in a solution with a pH range of 3.5−4.0, its original orange color was maintained. Then, the color turned to reddish-orange when immersed in a solution of 2.0-3.0 pH and red in a pH 1.5 solution. The acid-sensing property was retained after fixing agent treatment. The wash and water fastness of the dyed fabrics varied from poor to very poor, and the fastness of the staining was improved to a moderate level by fixing agent treatment. The lightfastness indicators before and after the application of fixing agent treatment were moderate and good, respectively.

한국인에서 고엽제 관련 노출과 건강영향 및 보상정책

이상욱,오희철,임현술,Yi, Sang-Wook,Ohrr, Heechoul,Lim, Hyun-Sul 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Several US veterans stationed in Korea have told the press that around 250 fifty-five gallon drums of herbicides, including Agent Orange, were buried at Camp Carroll in 1978. Joint Korean-US Agent Orange investigation and environmental and health studies were started in July 2011. Korean soldiers and military personnel who served in Vietnam during 1964-1973 or near the demilitarized zone in Korea during 1967-1970 were exposed to dioxincontaminated Agent Orange. The joint Korean-US Agent Orange investigation team found that herbicides, pesticides, solvents and other chemicals -not Agent Orange- were buried at Camp Carroll. However, there remains the possibility that Agent Orange was stored and buried at Camp Carroll or other military camps in Korea. Adverse health effects have not been clearly explained despite a number of health studies among veterans in Korea with potential Agent Orange exposure. Although the Korean government has been compensating veterans and military personnel with 18 presumptive-service-connected-diseases and their offspring with three diseases, there are many veterans, military personnel and civilians who require the government°Øs support. The environmental study on contaminated sites and health studies among veterans and civilians were initiated three or four decades after possible Agent Orange contamination and exposure. Several toxic chemicals, including dioxin-contaminated Agent Orange, could remain in the environment and could have hazardous effects on the health of exposed people for more than several decades. Further environmental investigations and health studies are needed to ensure public safety and health, and government support should be guaranteed for people potentially exposed to these toxic chemicals.

양어용 사료첨가제로서 감귤발효액(EM-Fermented Orange)의 항산화특성

이준백,문상욱,이영돈,고유봉 제주대학교 해양연구소 2000 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Mandarine orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) only added with sugar was fermented by effective microorganisms (EM) called "EM-fermented orange". EM was mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria, phototrophic bacteria and feast. As pH of EM-fermented orange reached 3.5 to 4.0 in the course of fermentation, the incubation was stopped. and then. EM-fermented orange was preservable at room temperature for about 6 months. Composition and concentration of free amino acids in EM-fermented orange were analyzed. Concentration of total amino acids was 167mg/l, and the relative content of carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) which was well known as a kind of antioxidant materials was very high. 41%. In addition. crude extract showing antioxidant activity could be obtained from EM-fermented orange using some organic solvents. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract was equivalent to about 9% of that of vitamin E by the use of 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. It was suggested that EM-fermented orange having antioxidant characteristics could promote the health of fish.

고엽제 노출에 따른 건강위해의 보건학적 고찰

양원호,홍가연,김근배,Yang, Won-Ho,Hong, Ga-Yeon,Kim, Geun-Bae 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: Controversy regarding the relationship between exposure to Agent Orange and disease has progressed for more than four decades, both at home and abroad. Recently, the allegation by US veteran Steve House of the burial of Agent Orange at the US Army base Camp Carroll located in Waegwan-eup, Korea, has emerged. We reviewed published articles and reports related to Agent Orange. Methods: Articles and reports were collected online using the keywords 'agent orange' and 'health' and then reviewed. Results: A number of epidemiologic studies have reported disease outcomes due to exposure to Agent Orange, while others were unable to establish a link to the injuries of veterans of the Vietnam War. This can be explained by the fact that accurate exposure assessment should be carried out since exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies can affect estimates of risk. In the case of the burial of Agent Orange at Camp Carroll, an exposure pathway could be through underground water supplies, which differs from the cases of Vietnam and Seveso in Italy. Conclusion: There still remains a dispute among academics regarding the relationship between exposure to Agent Orange and disease, although Agent Orange is a highly toxic chemical. This dispute indicates that accurate exposure pathway and exposure assessment is needed.

수용액 중 OrangeⅡ 흡착 제거를 위한 우모폐기물의 이용가능성

박수연 ( Soo-yeun Park ),유지연 ( Ji-yeon Yoo ),손홍주 ( Hong-joo Son ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.9

The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption potential of chicken feathers for the removal of OrangeⅡ (AO7) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were performed as a function of different experimental parameters such as initial pH, reaction time, feather dose, initial OrangeⅡ concentration and temperature. The highest OrangeⅡ uptake was observed at pH 1.0. Most of the OrangeⅡ was adsorbed at 2 h and an adsorption equilibrium was reached at 6 h. As the amount of chicken feather was increased, the removal efficiency of Orange II increased up to 99%, but its uptake decreased. By increasing the initial concentration and temperature, OrangeⅡ uptake was increased. The experimental adsorption isotherm exhibited a better fit with the Langmuir isotherm than with the Freundlich isotherm, and maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir constant was determined to be 0.179244 mmol/g at 30℃. The adsorption energy obtained from the Dubinin-Radushkevich model was 7.9 kJ/mol at 20℃ and 30℃ which indicates the predominance of physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as △G⁰, △H⁰, and △S⁰ were -12.28 kJ/mol, 20.64 kJ/mol and 112.32 J/mol K at 30℃, respectively. This indicates that the process of OrangeⅡ adsorption by chicken feathers was spontaneous and endothermic. Our results suggest that as a low-cost biomaterials, chicken feather is an attractive candidate for OrangeⅡ removal from aqueous solutions.

감마선 조사 오렌지의 급성 및 아만성 독성 평가

정다운(Da-Woon Jung),황옥화(Yu-Hua Huang),최근표(Geun-Pyo Choi),강일준(Il-Jun Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.9

본 연구에서는 방사선 조사식품의 규정을 확립하고 안전성을 입증하기 위해 1 kGy 감마선 조사 오렌지를 ICR 마우스에 투여 또는 섭취시켜 급성 및 아만성 독성시험을 실시하였다. 급성독성의 경우 시험물질을 0, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg의 용량으로 설정하여 단회 투여한 후 14일간 사망동물, 일반증상, 체중 변화, 부검소견, 혈액학적 및 혈액생화학적 검사를 수행한 결과 어떠한 이상도 관찰되지 않았으며, 통계학적으로도 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 1 kGy 감마선 조사 오렌지의 대략의 치사량(approximate lethal dose)은 암수 ICR 마우스 모두 2,000 mg/kg을 상회하는 것으로 판명되었다. 아만성독성은 시험물질을 식이에 함유하도록 하여 3개월간 섭취시킨 후 사망동물, 일반증상, 체중변화, 사료 섭취량, 장기 무게, 조직학적 검사, 혈액학적 및 혈액생화학적 검사를 수행하였다. 시험기간 동안 암수 ICR 마우스 모두에서 사망동물이나 이상증상은 발견되지 않았으며, 체중 변화, 사료 섭취량 및 장기 무게에서도 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈액학적 및 혈액생화학적 검사에서도 암수 ICR 마우스 모두 정상적인 수치를 나타냈다. 또한 조직학적 검사에서 간, 신장 조직은 모두 정상적인 구조를 유지하고 있었으며, 염증, 괴사 등의 유의할만한 병적 변화도 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 1 kGy 감마선 조사 오렌지를 ICR 마우스에 3개월간 섭취시켜도 본 시험조건에서는 독성이 없는 것으로 판명되었다. The acute and subchronic toxicity of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange was evaluated in ICR mice. For acute toxicity, groups of 30 male and 30 female ICR mice were orally administered 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange (0, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg). The mortality, clinical sign, body weight changes, and necropsy findings of ICR mice were observed for 14 days. No significant changes in body weight or abnormal gross findings were observed in relation to 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal ranges. According to the results, 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange had no special toxic effects in male and female ICR mice at 2,000 mg/kg. For subchronic toxicity, groups of 36 male and 36 female ICR mice were given a diet of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange for 13 weeks (control, non-irradiated, and irradiated imported orange). During the experimental period, mortality, clinical signs, body weight change, food consumption, organ weight, and histopathological examination did not show any changes in comparison to the control group. Several hematological and serum biochemical parameters showed statistically significant changes, but these changes were within normal range. These results indicate that 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange did not cause any toxic effects in male and female ICR mice and therefore can be considered as safe.