Introduction and Selection of Improved Open-Pollinated Maize Varieties in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Shin-Gu Kang,Yusuphu Juma Hamis,Mariam Juma Abdula,Soon-Kwon Kim,Tae-Seon Park,Min-Kyu Choi,Bon-Il Ku,Kyeong-Bo Lee,Hong-Kyu Park,Jae-Kwon Ko 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

탄자니아(United Republic of Tanzania)의 연방인 잔지바르의 옥수수 종자보급 개선을 목적으로 자유방임품종4종 (Tuxpeno-1,Staha, Situka, TMV-1)을 탄자니아 본토로부터 2006년도에 도입하여 키짐바니 농업연구소에서 적응시험을 수행하였다. Tuxpeno-1이 3.9 t ha-1로써 네 품종 중 수량이 가장 높았으며, Staha는 3.8 t ha-1, Situka는 3.0 t ha-1, 그리고 TMV-1은 2.0 t ha-1의 수량을 보였다. 이는 각 품종들의 잠재수량성(potential yield)과 비교하여 77%, 72%,67%, 그리고 47% 정도의 수량이다. 수량 차이가 많이 나는 이유로는 양분의 부족이 가장 큰 원인으로 판단된다. 잔지바르의 환경에서 생육이 부진한 TMV-1과 병해충 저항성이 약했던 Situka품종은 보급 품종에서 제외되었다. 키짐바니 농업연구소에서는 본시험 이후 Tuxpeno-1와 Staha 품종의 종자를 생산하여 농가에 보급하고 있다. To support maize seed program in Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous state of Tanzania, four improved open-pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) were introduced and tested at Kizimbani Agricultural Research Station (KARS) in 2006. In the different environment from Tanzania mainland, Tuxpeno-1 showed best performance with 3.9 t ha-1, followed by Staha (3.8 t ha-1), Situka (3.0 t ha-1), and TMV-1 (2.0 t ha-1). These results are over the average yield of Zanizbar, but less or more than the potential yield by 76%, 72%, 67%, 47%, respectively. It was understood that the lower yield was primarily due to less fertile soil. General growth of TMV-1 was poor, and Situka was revealed to be weak to pests and diseases in the island, so they were not recommended to farmers. KARS started to conduct seed multiplication and supply as a following up program for farmers.

연구보문 : 탄자니아 잔지바르에 도입한 개량된 옥수수 자유방임품종의 적응시험

강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),유수프주마하미스 ( Yusuphu Juma Hamis ),마리암주마압둘라 ( Mariam Juma Abdula ),김순권 ( Soon Kwon Kim ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),이경보 ( Kyeong Bo Lee ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),박홍규 ( Hong 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

To support maize seed program in Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous state of Tanzania, four improved open-pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) were introduced and tested at Kizimbani Agricultural Research Station (KARS) in 2006. In the different environment from Tanzania mainland, Tuxpeno-1 showed best performance with 3.9 t ha-1, followed by Staha (3.8 t ha-1), Situka (3.0 t ha-1), and TMV-1 (2.0 t ha-1). These results are over the average yield of Zanizbar, but less or more than the potential yield by 76%, 72%, 67%, 47%, respectively. It was understood that the lower yield was primarily due to less fertile soil. General growth of TMV-1 was poor, and Situka was revealed to be weak to pests and diseases in the island, so they were not recommended to farmers. KARS started to conduct seed multiplication and supply as a following up program for farmers.

소나무 풍매차대 검정림에서의 생장 우수가계와 불량가계간 입지환경에 따른 생장과 수분이용효율 비교

오창영 ( Chang Young Oh ),한상억 ( Sang Urk Han ),전병환 ( Byung Whan Cheon ),오찬진 ( Chan Jin Oh ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 소나무 풍매차대를 대상으로 환경이 다른 두 지역에서 토양 양료 수준, 강수량 등을 조사하여 이를 생장, 수분이용효율과 비교함으로써 현지에서 건조스트레스를 받았는지 확인하고, 건조스트레스에 의한 반응에서 수분이용효율이 유전적으로 구분되는지 구명 하고자 하였다. 소나무 풍매차대 26년생의 재적생장을 이용하여 생장 우수가계와 불량가계를 구분하였다. 수분이용효율은 건조기에는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 지난 20년간 토양 양료 조건이 좋은 곳에서는 탄소안정성동위원소 함량비는 서서히 감소하는 경향이었으며, 수분이용효율 역시 비슷한 경향으로 나타났다. 하지만 토양 양료 조건이 좋지 않은 곳에서는 유전적 요인과 환경적 요인의 상호작용으로 탄소안정성동위원소 함량비와 수분이용효율은 반대의 경향으로 나타났다. 생장 우수가계는 수분 스트레스를 받는 상황에서 기공을 효과적으로 조절하여 불량가계에 비하여 토양이 불량한 지역에서 높은 수분이용효율을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 탄소안정성동위원소 함량비를 이용한 수분이용효율은 소나무 풍매차대를 대상으로 건조스트레스에 대한 선발 기준으로 이용할 수 있다. To understand the relationship of growth and water use efficiency (WUE) between superior and inferior families from open-pollinated progenies of P. densiflora, two families (one superior and one inferior families) in two open-pollinated progeny test sites were selected using volume growth at 26 years. And we compared environmental factors and WUE which was calculated from measured δ13C in the wood. The δ13C change during the last 20 years showed steady decrease and same pattern as WUE in the fertile site, while there was an inverse relationship between δ13C and WUE in poor site, indicating an interaction between gene and environment. The superior family showed higher WUE than inferior family in poor site, indicating efficient stomatal control of the former under water stress. Water use efficiency calculated by carbon isotope composition can be used as a selection criterion for drought tolerance families in openpollinated progenies of P. densiflora.

분지각이 작고 일시 개화성이 우수한 숙근 안개초 ‘드림송’ 육성

정동춘(Dong-Chun Cheong),최창학(Chang-Hak Choi),송영주(Young-Ju Song),김정만(Jeong-Man Kim),이진재(Jin-Je Lee) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.4

‘Dream Song’ is a cultivar of Gypsophila paniculata developed by the Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2010 for cut-flower production. This hybrid was bred from 121 seedlings collected from an open-pollinated population of ‘Gyp06-11’. It has novel morphological characteristics of upright plant type, lanceolate leaves, double florets with a few bright white-colored petals of obovate shape, truncate petal tips, and cup-shaped calyces. Furthermore ‘Dream Song’ has desirable cultivation characteristics including narrow branching angle, and moderate resistance to powdery mildew, thrips and leaf miners. Moreover it produces more primary branches, and longer internodes and flower stalks than reference cultivar ‘Bristol Fairy’ during summer cultivation in a subalpine area (500 m over the sea level). Flowering in ‘Dream Song’ is delayed by about 17 days as compared to ‘Bristol Fairy’. ‘Dream Song’ produces normal flowers with 2 pistils and an average of 10.4 stamens, with fewer malformed flowers than ‘Bristol Fairy’.

소나무 풍매차대묘(風媒次代苗)의 가계간(家系間) 오존에 대한 민감성 반응

이재천 ( Jae Cheon Lee ),오창영 ( Chang Young Oh ),한심희 ( Sim Hee Han ),김장수 ( Jang Su Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2005 한국산림과학회지 Vol.94 No.3

테다소나무 7-1037 클론의 단일 반형매 풍매가계 6년생 생장에 대한 QTL mapping과 QTL 대립유전자 치환의 평균효과

김용율 ( Yong Yul Kim ),이봉춘 ( Bong Choon Lee ),( David M. O`Malley ) 한국산림과학회 2006 한국산림과학회지 Vol.95 No.4

Influence of Different Modes of Pollination on Strawberry Yield and Quality

Puneet Nagar,O. P. Chaudhary 한국양봉학회 2006 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Studies on the effect of different modes of pollination viz. without insect pollination (WIP), open pollination (OP) and bee pollination (BP) (with Apis mellifera honeybees) on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) cultivar Chandler was conducted at RRS Karnal. Exclusion of honeybee input for pollination (WIP) induced plants to produce higher number of low-weight fruits (636) whereas, in OP and BP the trend was reverse. Fruit yield was merely 2895.7 g (per plot of 20 ㎡) in WIP that increased to 4,016.7 g in OP (increase of 38.7% over WIP) and further to 4,816.7 g in BP (66.3%) and even 19.9 per cent over OP. Mean berry weight too was lowest in WIP (4.7 g) followed by 6.7 g in OP and the maximum in BP (9.1 g). The berries in BP were 35.8 percent heavier than OP and 93.6 percent than the WIP. In BP, the value of quantitative traits was always higher throughout the picking period. In WIP, fruit length and breadth was lowest (2.5 × 1.8 ㎝), improving in OP (3.3 × 2.3 ㎝n) and was maximum in BP (3.6 × 2.4 ㎝) an increase of 42.9 and 34.8 per cent over WIP and 8.1 and 5.6 per cent over OP. The number of achene/fruit had a positive correlation with pollination activity (OP and BP) increasing by 99.3 and 104.4 per cent, respectively over WIP. WIP had highest malformed fruits (38.2%) and pollination activity drastically reduced their percentage in OP (7.8%) and BP (6.4%). BP resulted in an increment of 12.4 per cent in acidity (%) and 19.0 per cent in TSS over WIP. Bee pollination resulted in 2.1 times higher value of the product (Rs. 1,82,962) per hectare compared to only Rs. 89,070 in WIP resulting in a cost benefit of 1:48.

비가림 시설재배에서 인공수분, 수분시기 및 화분증량제가 참다래의 종자형성과 과실특성에 미치는 영향

임경호,김월수,이상현 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2014 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the artificial pollination on fruit set, seed formationand fruit quality in kiwifruit and to confirm the effective pollination time for optimal fruit set in the shelter greenhousecultivation. Also, the effect of artificial pollination practice by the pollen diluent solution was tested. By artificialpollination, fruit set, seed formation, and fruit quality was improved both in the open field condition and in theshelter greenhouse cultivation. In order to find the effective pollination period (EPP), artificial pollination was carriedout every day until 7 days after full bloom. Number of seeds and fruit set rate and fruit growth of kiwifruit wereno significantly different until 4 days after full bloom (DAFB), but, those of kiwifruit from 5 DAFB significantlydecreased. Consequently, the effective pollination period of kiwifruit in the shelter greenhouse was 4 days after fullbloom. Also, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution was showed the similar fruit set and fruit qualitycompare to that by lycopodium powder. Accordingly, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution should bevery effective practice for labor saving in kiwifruit cultivation. 본 연구는 참다래 비가림 시설재배에서 인공수분이 착과 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향과 안정적인 착과를 위한유효수분기간을 확인하고자 수행하였다. 또한 최근 참다래 재배농가들에서 많이 수행되고 있는 현탁액을 이용한인공수분의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 인공수분은 비가림 시설재배에서뿐 아니라 노지재배에서도 참다래의 착과량이 개선되었으며 중량증가와 당도향상의 과실품질개선효과가 확인되었다. 유효수분기간 확인을 위하여 만개 후부터 매일 7일간 인공수분이 수행되었다. 과실의착과율, 과실당 종자수, 그리고 과실생장량은 만개 후 4일까지 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 만개 후 5일부터는분명하게 감소하였다. 결과적으로 참다래 비가림 시설재배에서 유효수분기간은 만개 후 4일 이내로 나타났다. 또한, 현탁액을 이용한 인공수분은 석송자를 이용한 것과 착과량과 과실품질의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서, 화분 현탁액을 이용한 인공수분은 참다래 재배에서노동력을 절감할 수 있는 매우 효율적인 수분방법이 될수 있을 것이다.

Quantitative and Qualitative Yield Parameters of Peach(Prunus Persica L.) as Influenced by Different Modes of Pollination

O. P. Chaudhary,P. K. Mehta 한국양봉학회 2007 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Influence of different modes of pollination (MOP's) viz. without insect pollination (WIP), open pollination (OP) and bee pollination (BP) (with Apis mellifera L. honeybees) on peach (Prunus persica L.) cultivar Flordasun was studied at RRS, Karnal. The pole directions had no affect on the fruit set. In WIP, fruit set was minimum (1.6 fruits/branch), increased phenomenally to 6.2 in OP and was maximum (7.3 fruits/branch) in BP. Thus, resulting in an increase of 287.5 percent in fruit set in OP over WIP and 356.3 per cent in BP over WIP, respectively. In WIP, 35.7 per cent branches bore no fruits at all whereas in BP and OP there were no barren branches. Fruit yield was only 68.2 g per branch in WIP increased to 263.4 g in OP (increase of 286.2%) and was maximum (373.0 g) in BP (increase of 446.9%). The fruits in BP were heaviest at 51.1 g (20.0% heavier than WIP and 20.2% than OP), whereas they were significantly lighter and comparable in OP and WIP (42.5 and 42.6 g/fruit, respectively). In WIP, the fruit dimensions were only 4.0×3.6㎝ that improved significantly in BP to 4.6×4.0㎝ (an increase of 15.0% in length and 11.1 % in breadth). The per plant yields in WIP were only 18.3㎏, increased to 70.8㎏ in OP and were highest in BP at 100.7㎏/plant. The per hectare yields too, were least in WIP (49.78q/㏊) and increased to 194.71 q in OP. Employment of honeybee input (BP) further improved it to 276.93q/㏊, registering an increase of 4.5 times than the WIP. BP significantly increased economic returns to the tune of 5.6 times at Rs. 166,158/㏊ compared to a minuscule Rs. 29,868 in WIP. The economic gains in BP were Rs. 133,290/㏊ over WIP and even Rs. 46,305 over OP at a cost: benefit of 1:44.4.

줄기가 강한 백색 겹꽃의 절화용 안개초 ‘Happy Dream’ 육성

정동춘,최창학,송영주,임회춘,김정만,이진재,이정수 한국화훼산업육성협회 2012 화훼연구 Vol.20 No.3

‘Bristol Fairy’ 아조변이체 ‘Gyp99’의 한 계통인 ‘Gyp06-31’의 방임수분 결과 얻어진 실생계통으로부터 특성이 우수한 ‘Gyp08-42’ 계통을 선발하여 2년 동안 특성평가 및 특성검정을 통해 ‘Happy Dream’ 품종을 육성하였다. ‘Happy Dream’ 품종의 초형은 중간형이 고, 잎 모양은 피침형, 소화는 주걱형의 꽃잎수가 많은 백색 겹꽃으로 꽃잎 끝 모양은 약간 둥근형 그리고 꽃받침 모양은 컵형인 식물체 고유 특성을 가졌다. 또 한 화경이 단단하고 분지각이 작으며, 흰가루병에 강하 고 충해에도 강한 편이었다. 여름절화 작형에서 ‘Happy Dream’ 개화는 ‘Bristol Fairy’보다 26일 늦 고 절간장과 화경장이 길고 줄기가 굵었다. ‘Happy Dream’의 엽장은 ‘Bristol Fairy’보다 짧았으나, 엽폭 은 넓고 소화는 더 컸다. ‘Happy Dream’ a cultivar of Gypsophila paniculata, was newly developed for cut flowers by Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2010. This hybrid was selected from 39 seedling gathered from an open pollination of ‘Gyp06-31’. It has morphological characteristics of a intermediate plant type, lanceolate leaf shape, double florets of many white petals with spatulate shape, truncate petal tip, and cup shaped calyx. ‘Happy Dream’ also has several traits such as strong flower stalk, narrow branching angle, and more or less resistance to powdery mildew and insect injury. Furthermore it has longer flower stalk and internodes than a check cultivar ‘Bristol Fairy’ during summer cultivations in the subalpine area. Blooming of ‘Happy Dream’ is 23 days later, its floret is much broader in width, and leaves are shorter but broader as compared to ‘Bristol Fairy’.