한려해상국립공원 해역에 서식하는 중형저서동물의 계절별 군집 변동 특성

강태욱 한국환경생물학회 2022 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.40 No.2

To assess the characteristics of meiofaunal community fluctuations related to environmental factors, seasonal surveys were conducted in the subtidal zone of Hallyeohaesang National Park. The average depth of the study area was about 20 m, and the average water temperature at the bottom was low in winter (11.33°C) and high in summer (17.95°C). The sedimentary particles mainly comprised silt and clay at most stations. The abundance of meiofauna ranged from 81.7 to 1,296.5 Inds. 10 cm-2, and the average abundance was 589.3 Inds. 10 cm-2. The average abundance of meiofauna in each season was the lowest at 416.5 Inds. 10 cm-2 in winter and the highest at 704.5 Inds. 10 cm-2 in spring. The dominant taxa were nematodes (about 92%) and harpacticoids (about 5%). In the cluster analysis of meiofaunal communities, they were divided into four significant groups. The largest group mainly contained spring and summer samples, and contained stations with a high nematode density of over 500 Inds. 10 cm-2 and harpacticoids below 50 Inds. 10 cm-2 with a high composition ratio of nematodes. In the cluster analysis, no regional division was found between the stations, and it was thought to be divided by the seasons with high abundance according to seasonal variation and the composition ratio of nematodes and harpacticoids. In the Spearman rank correlation analysis, the density of total meiofauna and the most dominant taxa, nematodes, was not significantly related to environmental factors. However, the density of harpacticoids had a significant positive correlation with water depth and a negative correlation with sediment particle size. 우리나라 남해안 한려해상국립공원 해역에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집의 계절적 변동을 파악하기 위해 2020년 2월, 5월, 8월, 11월에 11개 정점을 선정하여 해양환경 요인들과 중형저서동물 시료를 조사하였다. 조사 해역 수심 은 8~44 m이며, 평균 약 20 m로 나타났다. 평균 저층 수온은 동계 11.33°C, 춘계 14.54°C, 하계 17.95°C, 추계 17.65°C로 나타났다. 저층 수온은 동계에 통영, 거제도 해역이 남해도 해역보다 높고, 하계에는 이와 반대 경향을 보였다. 저층 염분은 동계 33.76 psu, 춘계 33.78 psu, 하계 33.04 psu, 추계 32.45 psu이며, 거제, 통영 해역이 남해도 해역보다 높게 나타났다. 저층 용존산소의 농도는 동계 3.85 mL L-1, 춘계 2.73 mL L-1, 하계 3.80 mL L-1, 추계 6.77 mL L-1이며, 동계에 남해도 해역이 높고, 하계에 거제, 통영 해역에서 높게 나타났다. 퇴적물 입도는 동계 6.79, 춘계 6.23, 하계 6.23, 추계에 7.16으로 대부분 실트와 점토의 함량이 높은 퇴적상을 보였다. 퇴적물 내 총유기탄소 (TOC)는 동계 0.96%, 춘계 1.07%, 하계 1.25%, 추계 1.12%로 나타났다. 춘계에 분석된 퇴적물 내 중금속 농도는 해양환경기준의 주의기준과 관리기준 이하 값들로 나타났다. 중형저서동물 서식밀도는 동계에 가장 낮은 값을 보이고, 춘계에 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 중형저서동물 중 가장 우점한 분류군은 선충류로 전체 서식밀도의 약 92%로 우점하여 전체 중형저서동물 서식밀도 변동성과 유사한 형태를 보였다. 중형저서동물 군집을 집괴 분석한 결과 4개의 유의한 그룹으로 구분되었으며, 가장 많은 정점이 포함된 그룹은 주로 춘계와 하계 시료가 주로 포함되어 있다. 조사 지역의 환경 요인과 상관성 분석을 한 결과 저서성 요각류 서식밀도는 수심과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보이고 퇴적물 입도와는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 우리나라 남해 한려해상국립공원 조간대 해역에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집은 지역적·계절적인 차이가 일부 있으나, 계절적 변동에 의한 차이가 조금 더 나타나는 것을 집괴 분석에서 확인할 수 있다. 환경 요인과의 상관성 분석에서 전체 서식밀도나 우점분류군인 선충류 서식밀도는 계절변동과 밀접한 수온과의 유의한 상관성을 나타내지는 않았다. 우리나라 남해 조간대 해역의 환경은 계절에 따라 수온의 변화 폭이 크지 않기 때문에 중형저서동물의 군집구조 차이가 계절별로 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않는 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구 자료는 해양 저서생태계를 이해하고 향후 환경 변화로 인한 생태계 변동 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있는 중요한 자료이다. 또한 본 연구 지역에서 지속적인 중형저서동물 모니터링 연구가 진행된다면 해양생태계 변화를 이해하는 데 큰 역할을 할 것이다.

가막만의 중형저서생물을 활용한 오염모니터링

김동성,제종길,신상호,KIM Dong-Sung,JE Jong-Geel,SHIN Sang-Ho 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.4

중형저서생물의 군집구조 (계절적 변동), 분류군 다양도, 선충류/저서성 요각류의 비, 선충류/동문동물의 비 등의 연구를 위하여 여수시 가막만에서 1997년 4월부터 1999년 5월에 이르기까지 생물시료를 채취하였다. 퇴적물은 van Veen 그랩을 사용하여 시료를 채취하였고, 채취된 퇴적물에 내경 34mm의 아크릴 코어를 사용하여 3개의 보조시료를 채취하였다. 중형저서생물의 총 개체수는 각 시기별 조사결과 중 1998년 12월의 경우가 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 1999년 5월에 가장 높은 서식밀도를 나타냈다. 각 시기의 전 정점의 결과에서는 1998년 12월의 정점 3에서는 가장 낮은 개체수 서식밀도를 보였으며 (2개체/10$cm^2$), 1999년 5월의 정점 9에서 가장 높은 개체수 밀도를 나타냈다 (2,218개체/10$cm^2$), 전반적으로 가막만 안에서는 만의 안쪽 정점에서 외해와 인접한 만 밖의 정점으로 갈수록 개체수 밀도가 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 중형저서생물의 개체수 크기에 있어서는 체 크기 0.125 mm와 0.063 mm에 들어가는 몸 크기의 생물이 많이 출현하였다. 전 시기에 있어서 선충류, 저서성 요각류, 유공충류, 갑각류의 유생, 이들 4개의 그룹이 전 중형저서생물 조성의 $80{\%}$ 이상을 차지하고 있었다. 여수 가막만 저서 퇴적물 생태계에서의 오염 진행상황을 알아보기 위하여 전 시기의 전 정점에 걸쳐 선충류/저서성 요각류(선충류/동문동물) 비 값을 산출하였다. 선충류/저서성 요각류 비 값은 가막만의 안쪽 정점에서는 오염이 상당히 진행된 아주 높은 값을 나타냈으며 만 밖의 정점에서는 자연에 가까운 값인 아주 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 분류군 다양도 지수 (H')에 있어서는 외해와 인접한 만 밖의 정점에서는 아주 높은 다양도 지수 값을 보이고 만 안쪽 정점에서는 아주 낮은 다양도 지수를 나타냈다. 전반적으로 선충류/저서성 요각류 비는 만 밖의 정점에서 만 안의 정전으로 갈수록 유의하게 증가하는 값을 보였고, 분류군 다양도 지수 (H')는 이와 다르게 만 안에서 만 밖의 정점으로 갈수록 다양도 지수가 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과 값들은 만 안의 정점으로 갈수록 오염이 많이 진행되고 있음을 일치되게 보여주고 있다. Community structure (seasonal fluctuation), taxon diversity, nematodes/benthic harpacticoids and nematodes/kinorhynchs ratios of meiobenthos were studied in the Gamak Bay, Korea. A series of samplings were carried out from April 1997 to May 1999. Meiobenthic organisms was collected by van Veen grab and three subcores of 34 mm in internal diameter were taken from each sediment sample. The total density of meiobenthos in each seasons was found to be the highest in May 1999, and the lowest in December 1998. Total density of meiobenthos at each station was the highest at Station 9 in May 1999 ($2,218 inds./10 cm^2$) and the lowest at Station 3 in December 1998 ($2 inds./10 cm^2$). The Gamak Bay seemed to have an individual number increased from the inner toward the outer stations. The highest number of meiobenthos was observed on 0.125 and 0.063 mm mesh size. In every season, over $80{\%}$ of the meiobenthos was composed of only four groups: nematodes, benthic harpacticoids, sarcomastigophorans and nauplius larvae of crustaceans. Seasonal fluctuation of meiobenthos was also studied. The nematodes/benthic harpacticoids(nematodes/kinorhynchs) ratios were studied as an index of pollution monitoring for benthic ecosystem at each station in each season. The value of nematodes/benthic harpacticoids ratio was the highest at the inner stations and the lowest at the outer stations in the Gamak Bay. Taxon diversity (H') was the highest at the outer stations and the lowest at the inner stations in the Gamak Bay. The value of nematodes/benthic harpacticoids ratio significantly increased from the outer toward the inner stations, whereas the taxon diversity (H') significantly increased from the inner toward the outer stations in Gamak Bay.

Short-term Effects of Low Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Nematode Community Structure

Byeong-yong Park,Jae-Kook Lee,Young Ho Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Influences of low concentration of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu and Pb) on the nematode community structure were examined to assess the changes of the soil ecosystem for a short period of time. Notable increases of heavy metal concentration on the experiment soil were found on the maximum and their 4-1x concentration treatment of all heavy metals after 18weeks. Overall abundance of the nematodes increased regardless of kinds of heavy metal and their concentrations. Also there were no significant differences in the nematode abundance among all treatments of heavy metals except the abundance of c-p 4 in the maximum treatment of Pb. The number of nematode genus found in soils treated with heavy metal solutions also increased compared to that of the genus of the initial soils; however, no significant differences in richness were observed among the treatments of all heavy metals. In maturity and diversity indices of the nematode community, no significant changes occurred in the soils treated with heavy metal solutions with a few exceptions such as MI2-5 and ΣMI2-5 for Pb, and MI2-5 for As. Significant decreases of the ecological indices in the treatments with highly concentrated heavy metal solutions were noticed in MI2-5 and ΣMI2-5 for Pb, and MI2-5 for As, respectively. All of these results is supposed that the maturity and diversity of the nematode community may be decreased in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb and As at relatively low concentrations of a short period of time, which may be derived from differential effects of heavy metals at low concentrations on the growth and development of the nematodes with different c-p values and trophic types. In the analysis of food web structure, only structure index (SI) was significantly lowered in soils irrigated with the heavy metal solutions of Pb and As, but enrichment index (EI) and channel index (CI) were not, suggesting that stressful soil conditions might be provided to the soil food web structure governed by direct toxic effects of heavy metals differential to nematode populations with different trophic type sandc-p values. Analyses of correlation coefficients also suggest that the influence of heavy metals at low concentrations, especially by Pb, maybe most prominent on the nematodes of c-p2-5, including fungivores, providing stressful soil environments.

Short-Term Effects of Low-Level Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Health Analyzed by Nematode Community Structure

Park, Byeong-Yong,Lee, Jae-Kook,Ro, Hee-Myong,Kim, Young Ho The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode community in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with five metal concentrations ([1, 1/4, $1/4^2$, $1/4^3$, and 0] ${\times}$ maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil approved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment controls, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4-5) were significantly increased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significant decreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significant decreases occurred in abundance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coefficients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contamination on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.

Bacterial Community Structure and Function Shift in Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco Plants Infected by Meloidogyne incognita

Wenjie Tong(Wenjie Tong),Junying Li(Junying Li),Wenfeng Cong(Wenfeng Cong),Cuiping Zhang(Cuiping Zhang),Zhaoli Xu(Zhaoli Xu),Xiaolong Chen(Xiaolong Chen),Min Yang(Min Yang),Jiani Liu(Jiani Liu),Lei Yu 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.

Short-Term Effects of Low-Level Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Health Analyzed by Nematode Community Structure

박병용,이재국,노희명,김영호 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode commu-nity in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with fivemetal concentrations ([1, 1/4, 1/42, 1/43, and 0] × maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil ap-proved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment con-trols, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4–5) were significantly inceased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantlydecreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significantdecreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significantdecreases occurred in abun-dance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coeffi-cients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contami-nation on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.

대부도 방아머리 연안 퇴적물에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집 변동

김동성 ( Dong Sung Kim ),민원기 ( Won Gi Min ),이재학 ( Jae Hac Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.2

지속적인 환경변화에 따른 중형저서동물 군집의 변동을 살펴보기 위하여, 시화호 방조제 배수갑문 부근의 대부도 방아머리 조간대의 5정점과 인근 조하대 3정점을 택하여, 2000년 3월부터 2001년까지 계절별로 수행되었다. 표층퇴적물의 평균 입도는 조간대에서 사질 퇴적 환경으로 3.16~3.73 Φ, 조하대에서 주로 니질 퇴적 환경으로 5.81~6.67 Φ의 퇴적 환경 특성을 나타냈다. 전체 19개의 중형저서동물 분류군이 출현하였으며, 이중 선충류가 가장 우점하는 양상을 보였고, 그 다음으로 우점하는 그룹은 저서성 요각류와 저서유공충류로 나타났다. 조간대에 서식하는 중형저서동물의 서식밀도는 0~1cm내의 표층퇴적물 내에 145개체/10cm^(2)에서 2,057개체/10cm^(2)까지 나타났으며, 조하대 조사 정점에서는 표층에서 5cm까지의 퇴적물 내에서 391개체/10cm^(2)에서 3,787개체/10cm^(2)까지(8) 서식밀도 변화를 보였다. 중형저서동물의 서식밀도는 전반적으로 봄철에 가장 높게 나타났으며, 겨울철에 최소값을 나타냈다. 2000년 이전에 동일한 지역에서 수행된 다른 연구 자료와 비교해볼 때, 전반적으로 방류 이전의 결과와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. The Community structure of meiobenthos was studied seasonally at 5 stations of Bangameori tidal flat and 3 stations of subtidal area in Daebudo near the Shiwha dike in the west coast of Korea, from May 2000 to February 2001. Mean grain size of intertidal stations ranged from 3.16 Φ to 3.73 Φ (sand), subtidal stations were 5.81~6.67 Φ (mud). Nematodes were the most dominant group among the representative 19 meiofaunal groups at all stations in both tidal flat and sub-tidal area. The sub-dominant groups were benthic harpacticoid copepods and Sarcomastigophorans. The density of meiobenthos ranged from 145 inds. 10 cm^(-2) to 2,057 inds. 10 cm^(-2)(0~1 cm) in the sediment of intertidal stations, and from 391 to 3,787 inds. 10 cm^(-2) (0~5 cm) in the subtidal stations. The lowest meiofaunal density was recorded in winter, whereas the highest density was shown in spring. Comparing with another previous work at the same area, data from this study does not statistically shown differences with results before discharge of shiwha lake water.

Composition and Distribution of Meiobenthos in Amursky Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the East Sea)

Pavlyuk Olga N.,Trebukhova Julia A. The Korean Society of Oceanography 2005 Ocean science journal Vol.40 No.3

Qualitative and quantitative composition of meiobenthos was studied in Amursky Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the East Sea). Ten taxonomic groups were found, where nematodes were dominant. Density of meiobenthos in ground sediments of the Bay were not uniform, and the average density was measured at $126.4{\pm}62.3ind.mo^{-2}$. 56 species of nematodes were detected, and dominant species were Sabatieria palmaris, Paracanthonchus macrodon, Sphaerolaimus limosus, S. gracilis and Oncholaimium ramosum. Five taxocenes of nematodes were allocated based on the results of cluster analysis and species domination according to density. Low diversity in species composition of nematodes was noted in the northwestern part of the Bay, which is a zone of desalination, and in the eastern part, which is exposed to household drains.

Meiobenthos Assemblages in the Mekong Estuarine System with Special Focus on Free-living Marine Nematodes

Ngo Xuan Quang,Ann Vanreusel,Nic Smol,Nguyen Ngoc Chau 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean science journal Vol.45 No.4

Meiobenthos assemblages in eight estuaries of the Mekong river system were investigated in August 2008 (from the Cua Tieu estuary to the Tran De estuary). In each estuary, one sampling station was established for meiobenthos sampling. Twelve major taxa of meiobenthos were recorded in this estuarine system, including Nematoda, Copepoda, Turbellaria, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda,Cumacea, Gastrotricha, Gastropoda, and Crustacean Nauplii larvae. The densities of the meiobenthos range from 581 to 3168 inds/10 cm2. Nematodes always occupy the highest numbers with a percentage ranging from 64-99%. There are 135 nematode genera recorded in this study with the following as dominant genera Desmodora, Leptolaimus, Halalaimus, Thalassomonhystera,Theristus, Daptonema, Rhynchonema, Parodontophora, and Oncholaimus. Although the biodiversity of the meiobenthos at higher taxa level is not high compared to other marine environments, the estimates of nematode biodiversity at the genus level indicates high values. The increase in number of genera with increasing sampling intensity illustrate that the diversity is underestimated and would have been higher if the authors had considered a larger number of individuals, more replicates per station, and more sampling stations.

Intertidal Meiofauna of Jeju Island, Korea

Olga N. Pavlyuk,Yulia Trebukhova 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean science journal Vol.46 No.1

For the first time, the structure of the meiobenthos community and marine nematodes in particular was investigated in the different intertidal zones of Jeju Island (South Sea of Korea). A relationship was found between the density of meiobenthic communities and the type of the bottom sediment. In addition, in the silty sediments, nematodes were dominant, while in the sandy sediments harpacticoids and ostracods were dominant groups. Sixty eight species belonging to 60 genera and 19 families of nematodes were found in the whole area. Four different nematode taxocenosis were distinguished using a cluster analysis. Dominant feeding groups were omnivores (2B) and epistratumfeeders (2A). The highest number of non-selective depositfeeders (1B) was detected in the lagoon with the bottom silty sediments.