템플스테이 만족의 결정요인에 관한 연구 : 감정의 매개효과를 중심으로

전병길,김민자 대한관광경영학회 2012 觀光硏究 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 템플스테이 체험과정의 주요 속성인 체험요인, 인적서비스요인, 그리고 시설환경요인이 긍정적 감정과 부정적 감정에 영향을 미치는 지를 실증적으로 규명하고, 이러한 이차원적인 감정 구조가 참가자들의 만족에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 템플스테이 지정 운영사찰을 대상으로 총 768부의 자료를 실증분석에 사용하였으며 가설검증을 위해 구조방정식 모형을 이용하였다. 결과를 살펴보면 템플스테이 체험요인은 참가자의 긍정적 감정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 부정적 감정에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 나아가 체험요인은 부정적 감정에 비해 긍정적 감정에 대한 영향력이 다소 크게 나타나 만족요인에 가깝다고 판단된다. 인적요인과 시설환경요인 또한 참가자의 긍정적 감정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 부정적 감정에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 템플스테이 참가자의 긍정적 감정은 만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 부정적 감정은 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다는 것이 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 템플스테이 참가자의 체험, 인적서비스, 그리고 시설환경에 대한 지각이 긍정적 감정과 부정적 감정을 매개로 하여 만족에 영향을 주는 것을 의미한다. This study examined the structural relationships between temple-stay satisfaction and it's antecedents, focusing on the mediating role of emotion. More specifically, it investigated how temple-stay experience factors, human factors and facility factors influence participant's emotions (comprising positive and negative emotions)and temple-stay satisfaction formation. The authors proposed a structural equation model comprising six constructs. Data were collected from 768 temple-stay participants in designated temple-stay operating temples, and analyzed by AMOS 7.0. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, temple-stay experience factors appeared to have a positive effect on positive emotion and a negative effect on negative emotion. Moreover, the effect of experience factors on positive emotion appeared to be comparatively stronger than on negative emotion Second, human factors and facility factors had effects on temple-stay participants' both of emotion. Third, the effect of temple-stay participants' positive emotion on satisfaction formation was positive and statistically significant while the effect of negative emotion on satisfaction formation was negative. These results suggest that the effects of temple-stay experience, human and facility factors on satisfaction formation were mediated by positive emotion and negative emotion.

Prognostic Factors on Overall Survival in Lymph Node Negative Gastric Cancer Patients Who Underwent Curative Resection

Jeong, Ji Yun,Kim, Min Gyu,Ha, Tae Kyung,Kwon, Sung Joon The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.4

Purpose: To assess independent prognostic factors for lymph node-negative metastatic gastric cancer patients following curative resection is valuable for more effective follow-up strategies. Materials and Methods: Among 1,874 gastric cancer patients who received curative resection, 967 patients were lymph node-negative. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients grouped by tumor invasion depth (early gastric cancer versus advanced gastric cancer) were explored with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of recurrence pattern between lymph node-negative and lymph nodepositive group. In the lymph node-negative group, the recurrence pattern differed by the depth of tumor invasion. In univariate analysis for overall survival of the early gastric cancer group, age, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen level were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis for these factors showed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 6.695), age (${\geq}59$, hazard ratio, 2.882), and carcinoembryonic antigen level (${\geq}5$ ng/dl, hazard ratio, 3.938) were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric cancer group showed that depth of tumor invasion (T2 versus T3, hazard ratio, 2.809), and age (hazard ratio, 2.319) were prognostic factors on overall survival. Conclusions: Based on our results, independent prognostic factors such as venous permeation, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and age, depth of tumor invasion on overall survival were different between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer group in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we are confident that our results will contribute to planning follow-up strategies.

조기 유방암에서 삼중복 음성군의 임상 병리학적 특징 및 예후

안재석(Jae Seok Ahn),조지형(Jihyoung Cho),권선영(Sun Young Kwon),강선희(Sun Hee Kang) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.1

Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER2/neu negative) is associated with high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of triple negative early-stage breast cancer. Methods: We reviewed the records of 821 early-stage breast cancer patients treated at our hospital from 1995 to 2005. We studied the differences between a triple negative group compared with a non-triple negative group. Results: Of 821 early-stage breast cancer patients, 200 (24.4%) were classified as triple negative. Large tumors (>2 cm) in the triple negative group were significantly more than those in the non-triple negative group (P=0.042). Histologic and nuclear grade of the triple negative group were significantly higher than those of the non-triple negative group (P<0.001). The median follow-up time is 50 months (1∼135). There have been 50 local recurrences, 98 distant metastases, and 65 deaths. There were high rates of local recurrence in the triple negative group but no difference in 5-year disease free survival rates (P=0.178). The 5-year overall survival rate showed 85% in the triple negative group but 92.8% in the non-triple negative group (P=0.008). The relative risk for overall survival was 1.93 times higher in the triple negative group. Conclusion: Triple negative breast cancer patients in early stages have poor pathologic findings and prognoses. Careful treatment and follow-up are important and further investigation is necessary for triple negative breast cancer.

Prognostic Factors on Overall Survival in Lymph Node Negative Gastric Cancer Patients Who Underwent Curative Resection

정지윤,권성준,김민규,하태경 대한위암학회 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.4

Purpose: To assess independent prognostic factors for lymph node-negative metastatic gastric cancer patients following curative resection is valuable for more effective follow-up strategies. Materials and Methods: Among 1,874 gastric cancer patients who received curative resection, 967 patients were lymph node-negative. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients grouped by tumor invasion depth (early gastric cancer versus advanced gastric cancer) were explored with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of recurrence pattern between lymph node-negative and lymph nodepositive group. In the lymph node-negative group, the recurrence pattern differed by the depth of tumor invasion. In univariate analysis for overall survival of the early gastric cancer group, age, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion,and carcinoembryonic antigen level were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis for these factors showed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 6.695), age (≥59, hazard ratio, 2.882), and carcinoembryonic antigen level (≥5 ng/dl, hazard ratio, 3.938) were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric cancer group showed that depth of tumor invasion (T2 versus T3,hazard ratio, 2.809), and age (hazard ratio, 2.319) were prognostic factors on overall survival. Conclusions: Based on our results, independent prognostic factors such as venous permeation, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and age, depth of tumor invasion on overall survival were different between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer group in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we are confident that our results will contribute to planning follow-up strategies.

고등학교 과학 교사의 수업 구성에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

박성만 ( Sung Man Park ),이봉우 ( Bong Woo Lee ) 한국과학교육학회 2012 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.32 No.5

본 연구에서는 고등학교 과학 교사의 수업 전문성 신장에 시사점을 찾고자 교사의 수업 구성에 영향을 주는 요인 분석틀을 개발하였으며, 수업 관찰과 면담에서 나타난 수업 구성 요인들을 확인하고, 이 요인들의 형태와 변화 유형을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사의 수업 구성에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 크게 교사의 자발적 동기가 수업 구성에 작용하는 정적 동기 요인과 외부의 요구가 수업 구성에 작용하는 부적 동기 요인으로 분류할 수 있었다. 정적 동기 요인의 세부 요인으로는 특성 반영 요인, 체험적 요소 반영 요인, 사회·문화적 신념 요인, 대안적 구성 요인, 교과 내용적 신념 요인, 철학적 신념 요인으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 부적 동기 요인의 세부 요인으로는 내용적 인식 차이 요인, 사회·문화적 요구 요인, 인지적 변화 요인, 정서적 차이 요인, 부정적 환경 요인, 과정적 보완 요인 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 개발된 수업 구성 요인 분석틀을 바탕으로 수업을 관찰하고 교사를 면담한 결과 정적 동기 요인, 부적 동기 요인들은 수업을 구성하는 단계, 수업을 진행하는 단계, 수업 후 단계에서 모두 나타났으며, 각 요인들은 상황에 따라 부적 요인이 정적 요인으로, 정적 요인이 더 강화된 정적 요인 등으로 변화되는 것을 확인하였다. 부적 동기 요인들을 최소화하고 극복하는 것은 교사와 학생 간의 긍정적 상호 작용을 기대할 수 있으며, 수업에 대한 교사의 성취감을 증대시켜 교사의 수업 전문성 신장에 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 더 나아가 교실 수업의 어려움을 극복하는 데 시사점을 제공할 수 있다고 보여진다. The purpose of this research is to find factors that affect high school science teachers` class compositions. In this research, we developed the class composing factor analysis framework and we observed teachers` class to figure out the class composing factors. The results from this research were as follows: First, the class composing factor was classified with ``positive motive factor`` and ``negative motive factor``. It is the positive motive factor that teachers` voluntary motives operate to teacher for class compositions. It is the negative motive factor that outer demands operate to teacher for class compositions. Second, both positive and negative motive factors were shown in all the steps, which included preparing a class, progressing a class, and after a class. Also, according to the circumstances, each factor changed. Minimizing and overcoming negative motive factors will lead to positive interaction between the teacher and students. It will also increase a teachers` achievements in class and maximize the effectiveness of class. Therefore, it is expected that this will be a great help for teachers to enhance their teaching professionalism.

결혼이주여성 근로자의 일 · 가정 양립에 미치는 영향

이현주(Lee, Hyun-Ju),장동헌(Jang, Dong-Heon) 한국지역사회학회 2016 지역사회연구 Vol.24 No.3

Since marriage migrant women workers experience conflict within their role inside the Korean family and they have relatively weaker supporting system than that of the Korean married working women, they find it not easy to balance work and life. This study analyzes their effects on positive factors and the negative factors of work and life balance. The independent variables used are individual factors(age, number of children, household economic status), job factors(regular employee, working hours, skill level conformity, job satisfaction), and cultural factors(perceived discrimination, homesickness, proficiency in Korean). The major results of the study showed positive effect on the positive factors when the subjects were older and had higher skill level conformity, higher job satisfaction, and higher proficiency in Korean. The decision factors of the negative factors were children, working hours and homesickness and when the subjects had more of the above, it showed positive effect on the negative factors while higher skill level conformity showed negative effect on the negative factors. Based on the results of the study, we discussed policy and practical implications for work and life balance for marriage migrant women.

가정외보호 청소년의 부정적 사건 경험이 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향: 자아존중감과 사회적 위축의 매개효과

배인경 ( Bae Inkyung ),전종설 ( Chun Jongserl ) 한국청소년복지학회 2020 청소년복지연구 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of negative life event experiences of adolescents in out-of-home care on school adjustment, and to analyze the mediating effects of social withdrawal, the risk factors, and self-esteem, the protection factor. Data were analyzed using the first year panel data of the 「Panel Study on Korean Children in Out-of-Home Care (PSKCOC)」. The participants of this study were the fifth and sixth graders in elementary school who lived in out-of-home care, such as child care facilities, group homes, and foster care. Of the 494 responses, 479 were used for statistical analyses (SPSS 22.0, AMOS 26.0), excluding those which were incomplete. The main findings are as follows. First, the negative life events experiences of youths in out-of-home care did not have a significant impact on school adjustment. Second, self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between the negative life event experiences and school life adaptation. Third, social withdrawal had no significant mediating effect in the influence of negative life event experience on school adjustment. Based on these results, theoretical and practice implications to increase the school adjustment of adolescents in out-of-home care were suggested.

Matrix Factorization을 이용한 음성 특징 파라미터 추출 및 인식

이광석,허강인,Lee Kwang-Seok,Hur Kang-In 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.7

본 연구에서는 행렬 분해 (Matrix Factorization)를 이용하여 음성 스펙트럼의 부분적 특정을 나타낼 수 있는 새로운 음성 파라마터를 제안한다. 제안된 파라미터는 행렬내의 모든 원소가 음수가 아니라는 조건에서 행렬분해 과정을 거치게 되고 고차원의 데이터가 효과적으로 축소되어 나타남을 알 수 있다. 차원 축소된 데이터는 입력 데이터의 부분적인 특성을 표현한다. 음성 특징 추출 과정에서 일반적으로 사용되는 멜 필터뱅크 (Mel-Filter Bank)의 출력 을 Non-Negative 행렬 분해(NMF:Non-Negative Matrix Factorization) 알고리즘의 입 력으로 사용하고, 알고리즘을 통해 차원 축소된 데이터를 음성인식기의 입력으로 사용하여 멜 주파수 캡스트럼 계수 (MFCC: Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient)의 인식결과와 비교해 보았다. 인식결과를 통하여 일반적으로 음성인식기의 성능평가를 위해 사용되는 MFCC에 비하여 제안된 특정 파라미터가 인식 성능이 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, we propose new speech feature parameter using the Matrix Factorization for appearance part-based features of speech spectrum. The proposed parameter represents effective dimensional reduced data from multi-dimensional feature data through matrix factorization procedure under all of the matrix elements are the non-negative constraint. Reduced feature data presents p art-based features of input data. We verify about usefulness of NMF(Non-Negative Matrix Factorization) algorithm for speech feature extraction applying feature parameter that is got using NMF in Mel-scaled filter bank output. According to recognition experiment results, we confirm that proposed feature parameter is superior to MFCC(Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) in recognition performance that is used generally.

청소년 사이버불링에 영향을 미치는 요인탐색연구

성경주(Gyeong-Joo, Seong) 한국상담심리교육복지학회 2020 상담심리교육복지 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 사이버불링에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하기 위하여 환경적 요인에 해당하는 학교요인(친구관계와 학업무기력), 개인의 내적요인으로 부정적 정서(우울, 사회적 위축, 공격성)와 현실비행 가해경험을 중요한 변인으로 가정하고, 각각의 영향력을 확인해 봄으로 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 한국아동·청소년패널조사(Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey: KCPYS 2018)의 중학교 1학년, 2,590명 중 결측치를 제외한 2,541명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현실비행 가해경험과 부정적 정서는 청소년의 사이버불링에 영향을 주고 있었다. 둘째, 청소년의 사이버불링에 영향을 미치는 최종모형에서 현실비행 가해경험의 영향력이 가장 크게 났으며, 내적 요인 중 공격성의 영향력이 높게 나타났다. The purpose of the study was to search the factors affecting cyber-bullying of youth. For the most important variables, it assumed school factors(friend relations and academic helplessness) in the environmental factors and negative emotions(depression, social withdrawal, and aggressiveness) and experience with juvenile delinquency and bullying in real life in the personal internal factors. Then the influence of each factor was examined to search the factors with the biggest influence. For that purpose, a total of 2,541 Middle school grade 1 students out of 2,590 students were analyzed from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey: KCPYS 2018. The following are the findings: first, experience with juvenile delinquency and bullying in real life had an influence on cyber-bullying of youth. Second, experience with juvenile delinquency and bullying in real life had the biggest influence in the final model affecting cyber-bullying of youth and aggressiveness of internal factors had a great impact.

주취감경(酒醉減輕)의 형법적 문제와 양형기준 합리화

김한균 대검찰청 2018 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.61

This essay aims to review the issue of alcohol intoxication and crimes in the area of criminal responsibility and sentencing. So called ‘common sense of the people’ demands re-evaluation of intoxication as mitigating factor in sentencing. The issue of criminals under alcoholism, as not only legal issues but also socio-economic issues, needs more evidence-based criminal justice policies and more rational sentencing policies. Sentencing guidelines of 2018 recognize intoxication with his/her own responsibility as general-offender-mitigating factor, and intoxication without his/her own responsibility as special-offender-mitigating factor. Sentencing guideline on sex crimes provides its own special guidance on sex crimes under the influence of voluntary alcohol intoxication : intentional intoxication to commit sex crime will be evaluated as aggravating factor, and some habitual intoxication may not be evaluated as mitigating factors. The author proposes that such negative sentencing factor can be a way of implementing special policy concerns against problems of alcohol and violent crimes. Medicalization of ordinary emotional status, such as depression or post-traumatic embitterment disorder also can be negative sentencing factor which should not be evaluated as mitigating factor. Further to the introduction of negative sentencing factors into the current framework of sentencing guidelines, ‘prolonged murderous attack of utmost ferocity’ as the results of violent crime under intoxication should be added as general-criminal act-aggravating factor. Such elaboration of sentencing guidelines and sentencing factors will promote public confidence in criminal courts. 한국사회에서 음주와 범죄에 관대해서는 더 이상 아니 된다는 판단 변화에 대해서 형사법개정에 앞서 형사정책적 고려가 필요하다. ‘국민의 건전한 상식’을 반영함으로써 국민이 신뢰할 수 있는 공정하고 객관적인 양형을 위한 양형기준 개선도 살펴봐야 한다. 다만, 음주의 습벽 안에서 범죄로 나아가는 현실 맥락도 함께 고려해야 주취감경을 포함한 형사입법과 양형정책의 방향과 내용이 합리적으로 도출될 수 있을 것이다. 양형위원회는 주취감경과 같은 사회적 현안에 주목하고 기존 양형기준을 적정한 양형, 상식을 반영하는 양형, 과학적 양형의 방향으로 정교화할 필요가 있다. 현행 38개 양형기준에서 주취는 본인 책임 있는 심신미약에 해당하기 때문에 일반-행위자인자로서 감경요소다. 특별히 성범죄의 경우 만취상태를 일반가중인자로 반영하거나, 소극적으로 감경인자로 반영하지 않도록 특별한 기준이 부가되어 있다. 본인 책임 있는 심신미약으로서 뿐만 아니라 특정범죄유형에서만큼은 주취상태를 일반감경인자로서 반영할 여지를 열어 두지 않겠다는 양형정책적 판단을 양형기준에서 관철하려면 양형기준에서 고려하지 말아야 할 소극적 양형인자도 필요하다. 만취로 인해 타인에 해악을 끼칠 소질의 범행발현과 만취하였으나 심신미약에 이르지 않은 상태에서의 범행을 각각 소극양형인자로 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 정신장애증상 중 과잉진단이 문제되는 경우는 과학적 증거가 충분히 확보될 때까지 감경요소로 인정되어서는 아니 될 것이다. 또한 양형인자는 국민의 양형에 대한 인식과 양형정책적 고려에 기해 설정할 수 있다는 점에서 주취로 인한 심신미약(본인 책임 있음)상태에서 치명적인 공격행위를 지속하여 잔혹한 결과를 야기할 경우 일반-행위인자의 가중요소로서 도입도 검토해 볼 수 있다. 이같은 양형인자 합리화는 양형과 양형기준의 합리성을 높이고 형사사법에 대한 국민신뢰 또한 높일 수 있다.