In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Cinnamomum cassia and Its Nanoparticles Against H7N3 Influenza A Virus

( Munazza Fatima ),( Najam Us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi ),( Deeba Amraiz ),( Farhan Afzal ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1

Nanoparticles have wide-scale applications in various areas, including medicine, chemistry, electronics, and energy generation. Several physical, biological, and chemical methods have been used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants provide advantages over other methods as it is easy, efficient, and eco-friendly. Nanoparticles have been extensively studied as potential antimicrobials to target pathogenic and multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Their applications recently extended to development of antivirals to inhibit viral infections. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon) and evaluated their activity against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N3. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UVVis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cinnamon bark extract and its nanoparticles were tested against H7N3 influenza A virus in Vero cells and the viability of cells was determined by tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay. The silver nanoparticles derived from Cinnamon extract enhanced the antiviral activity and were found to be effective in both treatments, when incubated with the virus prior to infection and introduced to cells after infection. In order to establish the safety profile, Cinnamon and its corresponding nanoparticles were tested for their cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. The tested concentrations of extract and nanoparticles (up to 500 μg/ml) were found non-toxic to Vero cells. The biosynthesized nanoparticles may, hence, be a promising approach to provide treatment against influenza virus infections.

An electrochemical preparation of bismuth nanoparticles by reduction of bismuth oxide nanoparticles and their application as an environmental sensor

Gil Ho Hwang,Won Kyu Han,So Jin Kim,Joon Shik Park,Hyun Joon Park,Seok Jun Hong,Sung Goon Kang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.2

Bismuth nanoparticles were prepared by electrochemical reduction of bismuth oxide nanoparticles. Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were used as starting materials and precipitant to synthesize bismuth hydroxide. After decomposition of bismuth hydroxide at 800℃ , spherical bismuth oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 200 nm were obtained. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were electrochemically reduced to bismuth nanoparticles below −1.0 V (vs. SCE) in a 0.1M KOH solution. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bismuth nanoparticles prepared were applied for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Screenprinted bismuth nanoparticle electrodes presented well-defined, reproducible and sharp stripping signals. Bismuth nanoparticles were prepared by electrochemical reduction of bismuth oxide nanoparticles. Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were used as starting materials and precipitant to synthesize bismuth hydroxide. After decomposition of bismuth hydroxide at 800℃ , spherical bismuth oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 200 nm were obtained. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were electrochemically reduced to bismuth nanoparticles below −1.0 V (vs. SCE) in a 0.1M KOH solution. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bismuth nanoparticles prepared were applied for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Screenprinted bismuth nanoparticle electrodes presented well-defined, reproducible and sharp stripping signals.

Microwave assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>)

Arshi, Nishat,Ahmed, Faheem,Kumar, Shalendra,Anwar, M.S.,Lu, Junqing,Koo, Bon Heun,Lee, Chan Gyu Elsevier 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We report a simple one step microwave irradiation method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using citric acid as reducing agent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as binding agent. The reaction was completed under two different microwave irradiation times (40 s and 70 s) for the production of two types of gold nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. UV–Vis study revealed the formation of gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon absorption maxima at 590 and 560 nm for 40 and 70 s irradiation time respectively. From TEM analysis, it is observed that the gold nanoparticles have spherical shape with particle size distribution in the range 1–10 nm and 1–2 nm for 40 s and 70 s irradiation time respectively. Antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles as a function of particle concentration against gram-negative bacterium <I>Escherichia coli</I> (<I>E. coli</I>) was carried out in solid growth media. The two types of gold nanoparticles show high antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition of about 22 mm against <I>E. coli</I> (ATCC 25922 strain). Very small difference in the antibacterial activity for the two types of gold nanoparticles were observed. Though nanoparticles synthesized for 70 s irradiation time show slightly better antibacterial activity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using microwave irradiation technique. ► The mean diameter was ∼ 4.05 nm for 40 s and ∼1.05 nm for 70 s. ► Characteristic absorption peak was found to be 590 nm for 40 s and 560 nm for 70 s. ► The zone of inhibition for the two types of nanoparticles was almost similar (22 mm). ► Smaller size nanoparticles synthesized for 70s showed a slightly better antibacterial action.</P>

Studies on polyethylene glycol crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles for co-delivery of docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil with synergistic effect against cancer

Sivakami Manivannan,Shoba Narayan 한국고분자학회 2024 Macromolecular Research Vol.32 No.4

Targeting critical pathways of cancer cells using combination drugs is gaining significant importance as drug resistance is lowered and drug efficacy is improved even at low concentrations. Docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil are chemotherapeutic drugs prescribed for patients with solid tumours. While coated polymeric nanoparticles can combat drug resistance by sequential release of drugs, this paper proposes to encapsulate docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil in chitosan nanoparticles. To further improve the solubility of chitosan nanoparticles, they are crosslinked with polyethylene glycol using formaldehyde as crosslinker. Various techniques were used to characterize the nanoparticles. HR-SEM images indicated the formation of nanoparticles, drug loading into the chitosan nanoparticles and crosslinking of polyethylene glycol to chitosan nanoparticles. The experimental strategies were designed to evaluate the synergistic combination of the drugs in nanoparticles against AGS cell lines. It was found that the drugs loaded in chitosan nanoparticles synergistically inhibited the cell viability of AGS cells with a combination effect at 0.414. The combined effect of the drugs was even more effective, with value at 0.23 in the case of polyethylene glycol crosslinked-drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. The DPPH scavenging activity of drugs encapsulated in polyethylene glycol crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles was more effective at 57.39% compared to drug-alone counter parts. To further confirm the synergistic efficacy of the drugs loaded in nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis, changes were observed using acridine orange /ethidium bromide staining. Results indicated that combination effect of drugs in nanoparticles was much higher in AGS cells when compared to drug-alone incubated groups.

상수 공업용수 및 하천수를 활용한 균일한 실리카 나노입자 합성 및 전기감응형 스마트유체로의 응용

김하영,제갈석,이능히,사민기,김동현,김민상,김지원,윤창민 유기성자원학회 2023 유기물자원화 Vol.31 No.1

This study describes the successful synthesize strategy for the silica nanoparticles utilizing various water sources, including tap, industrial, and stream waters without using deionized water. Also, as-synthesized silica nanoparticles are employed as dispersive materials for the electro-responsive smart fluid application. Specifically, homogeneous silica nanoparticles with sizes of 500–700nm are successfully prepared in large scale at once (ca. 12.0 g) with the described experimental method and showing similar structural and chemical characteristics with silica nanoparticles synthesized using the deionized water. The size of silica nanoparticles are varied according to the ion conductivity differences of tap, industrial, stream water, and deionized water. The size of silica nanoparticles decresed with the increased ion conductivity, indicating the ion suppression of growth of silica nanoparticles. Moreover, as-synthesized silica nanoparticles from various water sources of electro-responsive characteristic are investigated by the smart fluid application. The smart fluids containing silica nanoparticles synthesized by tap, industrial, and stream water exhibited higher shear stress compared to the deionized water, owing to the more rigid fibril-like structures formed by the smaller silica nanoparticles. Conclusively, uniform silica nanoparticles from various water sources without any purification are able to successfully prepared without usage of deionized water and resulting silica nanoparticles manifested higher electro-responsive performance. 본 연구에서는 증류수를 사용하지 않고 상수, 공업용수 및 하천수를 활용하여 균일한 실리카 나노입자를성공적으로 제조하는 방법에 대해 제시하였다. 또한, 제조된 실리카 나노입자들은 전기감응형 스마트유체의 분산물질로 적용하였다. 상세히는, 다양한 종류의 물을 사용하여 500–700nm 사이즈의 실리카 나노입자를 한 번의 실험으로 대량 제조(약 12.0g) 하였으며 증류수를 활용하여 합성한 750nm 사이즈의 실리카 나노입자와 동일한 형태학적화학적 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 다양한 물을 사용하여 제조한 실리카 나노입자의 사이즈는 이온전도도에 따라 변화하였다. 이온전도도가 높으면 높을수록 제조된 실리카 나노입자의 크기가 작아짐을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 이온들이 실리카 나노입자의 성장을 억제하기 때문이다. 또한, 제조한 실리카 나노입자들을 전기감응형 스마트유체로 응용하였다. 그 결과, 상수, 공업용수 및 하천수를 활용하여 제조한 실리카 나노입자가 증류수를 활용하여합성한 실리카 나노입자 대비 높은 전단응력을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 작은 사이즈의 실리카 나노입자가전기장 하에서 더 강한 사슬 구조를 형성하기 때문이다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통해 다양한 물을 증류수와 같이정제하지 않고 사용하여 실리카 나노입자를 성공적으로 제조할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 해당 입자들이 전기감응형스마트유체 응용에서 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

Plant Extracts Promoted Preparation of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review

Manobjyoti Bordoloi,Ranjan K. Sahoo,Kashyap J. Tamuli,Surovi Saikia,Partha P. Dutta 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2020 NANO Vol.15 No.03

Eco-friendly synthesis of metal nanoparticles has accrued utmost interest by researchers in the last decade for their distinct properties making them applicable in different fields of science and technology. With regard to its low cost, low environmental effect, zero contamination and higher reducing potential, their synthesis by green chemistry procedure is an emerging area in nanobiotechnology. Plant-based nanoparticles produced are more stable, with high rate of synthesis and are suitable for large scale biosynthesis as compared to the use of microorganisms which require stringent control on cell cultures. Plant-based nanoparticles have advantages over other methods due to presence of biomolecules acting both as capping and reducing agents by increasing the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Furthermore, secondary metabolites present in plants are used for reducing metal ions in single step reaction. In this review paper, we have cited 265 research articles and have outlined 106 plant extract assisted gold and silver nanoparticles. The present review highlights the achievements of metal nanoparticle synthesis, especially silver and gold nanoparticles from plant extracts, along with factors liable for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. It also focuses on the dye degrading properties and various biological activities of metal nanoparticles, their antimicrobial mechanism of action and the physicochemical properties that influence the biological effects of metallic nanoparticles. Biological activities of metal nanoparticles were also described, including the effect of physicochemical properties of metal nanoparticles on biological activities.

Extracellular synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by Sporosarcina koreensis DC4 and their biological applications

Singh, P.,Singh, H.,Kim, Y.J.,Mathiyalagan, R.,Wang, C.,Yang, D.C. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2016 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.86 No.-

<P>The present-study highlights the microbial synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by Sporosarcina koreensis DC4 strain, in an efficient way. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, which displayed maximum absorbance at 424 nm and 531 nm for silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. The spherical shape of nanoparticles was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping were displayed the purity and maximum elemental distribution of silver and gold elements in the respective nanoproducts. The X-ray diffraction spectroscopy results demonstrate the crystalline nature of synthesized nanoparticles. The particle size analysis demonstrate the nanoparticles distribution with respect to intensity, volume and number of nanoparticles. For biological applications, the silver nanoparticles have been explored in terms of MIC and MBC against pathogenic microorganisms such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the silver nanoparticles in combination with commercial antibiotics, such as vancomycin, rifampicin, oleandomycin, penicillin G, novobiocin, and lincomycin have been explored for the enhancement of antibacterial activity and the obtained results showed that 3 mu g concentration of silver nanoparticles sufficiently enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of commercial antibiotics against pathogenic microorganism. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticles potential has been reconnoitered for the biofilm inhibition by S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli and the results revealed sufficient activity at 6 mu g concentration. In addition, gold nanoparticles have been applied for catalytic activity, for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using sodium borohydride and positive results were attained. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Hydrophobically modified polysaccharide-based on polysialic acid nanoparticles as carriers for anticancer drugs

Jung, Bom,Shim, Man-Kyu,Park, Min-Ju,Jang, Eun Hyang,Yoon, Hong Yeol,Kim, Kwangmeyung,Kim, Jong-Ho Elsevier 2017 International journal of pharmaceutics Vol.520 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presented the development of hydrophobically modified polysialic acid (HPSA) nanoparticles, a novel anticancer drug nanocarrier that increases therapeutic efficacy without causing nonspecific toxicity towards normal cells. HPSA nanoparticles were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)/<I>N</I>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling between <I>N</I>-deacetylated polysialic acid (PSA) and 5β-cholanic acid. The physicochemical characteristics of HPSA nanoparticles (zeta-potential, morphology and size) were measured, and <I>in vitro</I> cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of PSA and HPSA nanoparticles were tested in A549 cells. <I>In vivo</I> cancer targeting of HPSA nanoparticles was evaluated by labeling PSA and HPSA nanoparticles with Cy5.5, a near-infrared fluorescent dye, for imaging. HPSA nanoparticles showed improved cancer-targeting ability compared with PSA. Doxorubicin-loaded HPSA (DOX-HPSA) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple dialysis method. An analysis of the <I>in vitro</I> drug-release profile and drug-delivery behavior showed that DOX was effectively released from DOX-HPSA nanoparticles. <I>In vivo</I> cancer therapy with DOX-HPSA nanoparticles in mice showed antitumor effects that resembled those of free DOX. Moreover, DOX-HPSA nanoparticles had low toxicity toward other organs, reflecting their tumor-targeting property. Hence, HPSA nanoparticles are considered a potential nanocarrier for anticancer agents.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Coating gold nanoparticles to a glass substrate by spin-coat method as a surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) plasmonic sensor to detect molecular vibrations of bisphenol-a (BPA)

Eskandari, Vahid,Hadi, Amin,Sahbafar, Hossein Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.5

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemicals used in monomer epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method is precise for identifying biological materials and chemicals at considerably low concentrations. In the present article, the substrates coated with gold nanoparticles have been studied to identify BPA and control the diseases caused by this chemical. Gold nanoparticles were made by a simple chemical method and by applying gold salt and trisodium citrate dihydrate reductant and were coated on glass substrates by a spin-coat approach. Finally, using these SERS substrates as plasmonic sensors and Raman spectroscopy, the Raman signal enhancement of molecular vibrations of BPA was investigated. Then, the molecular vibrations of BPA in some consumer goods were identified by applying SERS substrates as plasmonic sensors and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated gold nanoparticles are spherical and quasi-spherical nanoparticles that confirm the formation of gold nanoparticles by observing the plasmon resonance peak at 517 nm. Active SERS substrates have been coated with nanoparticles, which improve the Raman signal. The enhancement of the Raman signal is due to the resonance of the surface plasmons of the nanoparticles. Active SERS substrates, gold nanoparticles deposited on a glass substrate, were fabricated for the detection of BPA; a detection limit of 10-9 M and a relative standard deviation (RSD) equal to 4.17% were obtained for ten repeated measurements in the concentration of 10-9 M. Hence, the Raman results indicate that the active SERS substrates, gold nanoparticles for the detection of BPA along with the developed methods, show promising results for SERS-based studies and can lead to the development of microsensors. In Raman spectroscopy, SERS active substrate coated with gold nanoparticles are of interest, which is larger than gold particles due to the resonance of the surface plasmons of gold nanoparticles and the scattering of light from gold particles since the Raman signal amplifies the molecular vibrations of BPA. By decreasing the concentration of BPA deposited on the active SERS substrates, the Raman signal is also weakened due to the reduction of molecular vibrations. By increasing the surface roughness of the active SERS substrates, the Raman signal can be enhanced due to increased light scattering from rough centers, which are the same as the larger particles created throughout the deposition by the spin-coat method, and as a result, they enhance the signal by increasing the scattering of light. Then, the molecular vibrations of BPA were identified in some consumer goods by SERS substrates as plasmonic sensors and Raman spectroscopy.

Synthesis and curing of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

Jang, Jyongsik,Bae, Joonwon,Ko, Sungrok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.43 No.11

<P>Glycidyl-functional polymer nanoparticles [poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)] were fabricated with microemulsion polymerization. The successful fabrication of PGMA nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A TEM image showed that the average diameter of the PGMA nanoparticles was approximately 10–28 nm and was fairly monodisperse. As the surfactant concentration increased, the average size of the nanoparticles decreased and approached an asymptotic value. A significant reduction of the nanoparticle size to the nanometer scale led to an enhanced number of surface functionalities, which played an important role in the curing reaction. The PGMA nanoparticles were cured with a low-temperature curing agent, diethylene triamine, to produce ultrafine thermoset nanoparticles. The low-temperature curing process was performed below the glass-transition temperature of PGMA to prevent the coagulation and deformation of the nanoparticles. A TEM image indicated that the cured PGMA nanoparticles did not exhibit interparticle aggregation and morphological transformation during curing. The average size of the cured PGMA nanoparticles was consistent with that of the pristine PGMA nanoparticles © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2258–2265, 2005</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Glycidyl-functional polymer nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10–28 nm were synthesized with microemulsion polymerization. The ultrasmall thermoset nanoparticles were fabricated through the curing reaction of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles with diethylene triamine at a low temperature without interparticle coagulation and morphological transformation. The average diameter of the cured nanoparticles was consistent with that of the pristine nanoparticles. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-11-POLA20706-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-11-POLA20706-gra001'> </P>