Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence among young and middle-aged adults in India, with an analysis of geographic differences: findings from the National Family Health Survey

Siddardha G,Chandrupatla,Isma Khalid,Tejdeep Muthuluri,Satyanarayana Dantala,Mary Tavares 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to approximate the prevalence of hyperglycemia in India. METHODS: The study was conducted using the Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 (also known as the National Family Health Survey-4), which surveyed 811,808 individuals using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling design. This cross-sectional survey recorded socio-demographic and anthropometric data, including blood glucose levels, of adults aged 18 years to 54 years. RESULTS: The final analysis included 718,597 individuals, of whom 49.90% (weighted) were males. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.65% and that of prediabetes was 5.57%. A positive association was seen with urban residence, geographic region, sex, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and hypertension. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with diabetes lived in urban areas, and about half of the urban population was considered overweight/obese. South India showed a higher prevalence of diabetes (prevalence ratio, 2.01; p<0.001) than northern India. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia (diabetes and prediabetes) has a high prevalence in India and is a major public health issue. Diabetes is unevenly distributed based on geographic location and urbanization. Prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies should consider this uneven distribution of diabetes.

Dietary and modifiable factors contributing to hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia prevalence in nationwide time series data and the implications for primary prevention strategies

Inkyung Baik 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A number of studies examined secular trends in blood lipid profiles using time series data of national surveys whereas few studies investigated individual-level factors contributing to such trends. The present study aimed to examine secular trends in dietary and modifiable factors and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (HC) prevalence and evaluate their associations using time series data of nationwide surveys. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study included 41,073 Korean adults aged ≥ 30 years from the 2005, 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015, and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to select significant factors associated with HC, which was defined as serum LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 ㎎/dL. RESULTS: The following factors showed a positive association with HC (P < 0.05): for men having higher body mass index (BMI), being married, having an office job, and consuming higher dairy and vegetable oil products; for women having higher age or BMI, having no job or a non-office job, not in a low-income household, and consuming higher dairy products. In the given model, the 2016 survey data showed that a 2 ㎏/㎡ reduction in BMI of obese persons resulted in a decreased HC prevalence from 30.8% to 29.3% among men and from 33.6% to 32.5% among women. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is suggested that primary prevention programs should advocate having proper BMI for Korean adults with a high-risk of HC. However, whether discouraging consumption of dairy and vegetable oil products can reduce HC prevalence warrants further studies with a prospective longitudinal design.

한국 성인의 대사증후군 예측을 위한 지표로서 MWR 지표의 유용성 연구

박종석(Park, Jong-Suk),정석률(Jung, Suk Yool) 한국사회체육학회 2023 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.93

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the usefulness of the muscle mass-waist circumference ratio (MWR) index as an indicator for diagnosing and predictin gmetabolic syndrome (MetS), with a focus on Korean adults. Method: The study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Ntruition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2011. A total of 9,293 adults were included, and diagnostic criteria for MetS were based on the NCEP ATP Ⅲ guidelines. The MWR index was calculadte by dividing each subject’s muscle mass by their waist circumference. Additionally, demographic factors, health behavior factors, and blood variables were collected. The study performed ROC analysis to calculate the Area Under the Curve (AUC), cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity for the MWR index in males and females using the MedCalc 19.4. 1 version program. Furthermore, the subjects were categorized inot two groups: the normal MWR (NMWR) group and the abnormal MWR (AMWR) group, based on the cut-off value. Chi-square tests and independent sample t-tests were conducted using the SPSS 25.0 programto assess the differences between each variable between the groups. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of MetS based on the MWR group. All statistical significance levels in this study were set at .05. Results: The results of this study are as follows: 1) ROC analysis revaled that the area under the curve (AUC) for the MWR index was 0.627 for males and 0.679 for femeasl. The optimal cut-off value for males was 0.476, and for females, it was 0.491. 2) Comparative analyiss between the NMWR and AMWR groups revealed significant differences in various factors for both mlae and female AMWR groups. These factors included BMI, WC, body fat percentage, levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, insulin, SBP, DBP, and HOMA-IR. 3) The multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for various control variables as covariates, showed that the AMWR group had a significantly higher rkis of MetS compared to the NMWR group. Specifically, in men, the AMWR group had a 1.568 times higher risk of metabolic syndrome, while in women, the AMWR group had a 2.167 times higher risk. Conclusion: In conclusion, the MWR index can be a valuable and effectivein dicator for predicting MetS in Korean adults. Consequently, incorporating the MWR index into daily life could prove beneficial in preventing and managing MetS. Additionally, to effectively prevent abdominal obesity and muscle mass loss and maintain the MWR index above the standard value, regular rsetngth training and aerobic exercises are recommended.

Non-linear Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Korean Males

최창균,김선아,Ji-An Jeong,권순석,신민호 대한예방의학회 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Korean males. Methods: This study was conducted on males aged ≥50 years who participated in the 2011 Korean Community Health Survey. LUTS severity was assessed using the Korean version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, and was dichotomized as severe (IPSS >19) and non-severe (IPSS ≤19). BMI was divided into 6 categories: <18.5, 18.5-22.9, 23.0-24.9, 25.0-27.4, 27.5-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2. To evaluate the relationship between BMI and LUTS, a survey-weighted multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs). Age, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, household income, and comorbidities were adjusted for in the multivariate model. Results: A U-shaped relationship was detected between BMI and severe LUTS. Compared with a BMI of 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, the PRR for a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.02), that for a BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.44), that for a BMI of 25.0-27.4 kg/m2 was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.45), that for a BMI of 27.5-29.9 kg/m2 was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.47), and that for a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.88). Conclusions: This study showed that both high and low BMI were associated with severe LUTS.

Non-linear Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Korean Males

Choi, Chang Kyun,Kim, Sun A,Jeong, Ji-An,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Shin, Min-Ho The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Korean males. Methods: This study was conducted on males aged ${\geq}50years$ who participated in the 2011 Korean Community Health Survey. LUTS severity was assessed using the Korean version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, and was dichotomized as severe (IPSS >19) and non-severe ($IPSS{\leq}19$). BMI was divided into 6 categories: <18.5, 18.5-22.9, 23.0-24.9, 25.0-27.4, 27.5-29.9, and ${\geq}30.0kg/m^2$. To evaluate the relationship between BMI and LUTS, a survey-weighted multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs). Age, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, household income, and comorbidities were adjusted for in the multivariate model. Results: A U-shaped relationship was detected between BMI and severe LUTS. Compared with a BMI of $23.0-24.9kg/m^2$, the PRR for a BMI < $18.5kg/m^2$ was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.02), that for a BMI of $18.5-22.9kg/m^2$ was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.44), that for a BMI of $25.0-27.4kg/m^2$ was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.45), that for a BMI of $27.5-29.9kg/m^2$ was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.47), and that for a BMI ${\geq}30.0kg/m^2$ was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.88). Conclusions: This study showed that both high and low BMI were associated with severe LUTS.

쥐노래미과 어류 산란특성 연구를 위한 잠수조사

이용득,김준섭,정지현,심원준,곽우석,LEE, YONG-DEUK,KIM, JUN-SOP,JUNG, JEE-HYUN,SHIM, WON-JOON,GWAK, WOO-SEOK 한국해양학회 2013 바다 Vol.18 No.2

The spawning characteristics of Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii was directly observed in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and South Sea during the spawning seasons using scuba diving. The territorial male H. agrammus showed different body size, nuptial coloration and nest location compared to those of H. otakii, even though both species caring egg masses were found at the almost same depths. In the West sea, a relatively small guardian H. agrammus male protects 1-2 egg masses laid on a clump of red algae within his territory. The territorial males in red nuptial coloration and their egg masses were well camouflaged in their surroundings. Contrary to H. agammus, a guardian H. otakii male in yellowish nuptial coloration protects 4-8 egg masses in a nest. In addition, their nests were located on the relatively open environments such as discarded fishing nets, rock crevices and a clump of algae. The results of present study shows that even though both of two species belonged to Hexagrammidae, they have different strategies for spawning and protecting their egg masses. 이번 연구에서는 서해와 남해에 서식하는 노래미(Hexagrammos agrammus)와 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos otakii)의 산란특성 연구를 위해 2012년 11월부터 12월까지 스쿠버다이빙을 통한 잠수조사를 실시하였다. 서해에서는 수심 6-7 m의 크고 작은 암반지역 위에 있는 홍조류에 노래미 난괴가 간격을 두고 부착되어 있었으며, 난괴 주변에도 홍조류가 많이 분포하고 있었다. 산란기의 노래미 수컷은 붉은색의 혼인색을 띄며 난괴를 보호하고 있었고, 수정란과 함께 은폐되어 눈에 잘 띄지 않았다. 남해의 경우 수심은 서해와 같은 6-7 m이지만, 사질 및 암반에 놓인 폐그물 위, 바위 틈, 해조가 무성한 암반지역 등 비교적 다양한 곳에 노출되어 있는 4-8개의 쥐노래미 난괴를 확인할 수 있었으며, 서해와는 다르게 외부에 노출되고 조류소통이 좋은 지역에서 난괴가 확인되었으며, 쥐노래미 수컷의 혼인색은 황금빛을 띄고 있어 쉽게 발견할 수 있었다.

설문 조사를 통해 알아본 재난현장 구급 대응 훈련 분석

이성근(Sung-kgun Lee),고경석(Gyeong-seok Ko),송성욱(Sung-wook Song),강경원(Kyeong-won Kang) 한국화재소방학회 2020 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.34 No.6

In this thesis, a questionnaire was conducted with fire service, administrative, and police officials, as well as academicand front-line medical institutions, participating in disaster preparedness drills in a local community. The questionnaireassessed the quality of disaster preparedness training that is still to be implemented in Korea. In addition, theappropriateness of each element of training was assessed with a suitable question, and the opinions of respondents wereanalyzed. Results indicated that respondents gave a relatively generous evaluation of their own fields or a relatively lowevaluation of the group that was most active in training, etc. It was confirmed that differences in perception weredetermined by relative differences among the groups surveyed. In the future, detailed follow-up studies on items thatrevealed differences in perceptions should be used to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of disaster preparednesstraining. 본 논문은 그 동안 시행된 적이 없는 국내에서 시행되고 있는 재난대비훈련에 대한 질적 평가를 위해 일개 지역사회에서 실시하는 재난대비훈련에 참여하는 소방, 행정, 경찰 공무원은 물론 학계 및 일선 의료기관 종사자를 대상으로 그 훈련의 각 요소에 대한 적절성을 신뢰성 있는 질문으로 물어보고 그 의견을 분석하였다. 그 결과 응답자 중근무 경력, 재난대비훈련경험 및 훈련에서 맡고 있는 역할에 따라 자신의 영역에 비교적 후한 평가를 하거나 훈련에가장 적극적인 활동을 하는 그룹에서 상대적으로 낮은 평가를 하는 등 그룹에 따라 비교적 상이한 인식의 차이를확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로 후속 연구를 통해 상이한 인식의 차이를 보였던 항목에 대한 세부 연구를 통해 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 재난대비훈련을 위한 개선책으로 삼아야 할 것이다.

Statistical analysis of KNHANES data with measurement error models

Jin Seub Hwang 한국데이터정보과학회 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

We study a statistical analysis about the fifth wave data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey based on linear regression models with measurement errors. The data is obtained from a national population-based complex survey. To demonstrate the availability of measurement error models, two results between the general linear regression model and measurement error model are compared based on the model selection criteria which are Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. For our study, we use the simulation extrapolation algorithm for measurement error model and the jackknife method for the estimation of standard errors.

Statistical analysis of KNHANES data with measurement error models

Hwang, Jinseub The Korean Data and Information Science Society 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

We study a statistical analysis about the fifth wave data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey based on linear regression models with measurement errors. The data is obtained from a national population-based complex survey. To demonstrate the availability of measurement error models, two results between the general linear regression model and measurement error model are compared based on the model selection criteria which are Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. For our study, we use the simulation extrapolation algorithm for measurement error model and the jackknife method for the estimation of standard errors.

Statistical analysis of KNHANES data with measurement error models

황진섭 한국데이터정보과학회 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

We study a statistical analysis about the fifth wave data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey based on linear regression models with measurement errors. The data is obtained from a national population-based complex survey. To demonstrate the availability of measurement error models, two results between the general linear regression model and measurement error model are compared based on the model selection criteria which are Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. For our study, we use the simulation extrapolation algorithm for measurement error model and the jackknife method for the estimation of standard errors.