토성과 식재깊이에 따른 튤립의 줄기 및 구근 생육

유용권,노용승 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2013 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 튤립의 지상부 생육과 구근생육에 적합한 토성과 식재깊이를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 토성에 따른 물리성을 조사한 결과, 고상, 액상, 기상은 사양토에서 각각 54.7%, 13.3%, 32.0%였고, 사양토가 식양토에 비해 기상이 10.6% 높았다. 공극율은 사양토에서 45.3%로 나타나 식양토에 비해 3% 더 높았다. pH는 사양토에서 6.1, 식양토에서 5.9로 나타나 큰 차이는 없었다. EC는 사양토에서 0.40 dS/m, 식양토에서 0.95 dS/m로 나타나 식양토에서 약간 더 높았고, 양이온치환용량의 경우에도 사양토의 3.01 me/100g보다 식양토에서 4.68 me/100g로 더 높았다. ‘Ile de France’와 ‘Rundy’ 품종은 사양토에서, ‘Kees Nelis’ 품종은 식양토에서 지상부 생육이 좋았다. 식양토에서는 전반적으로 식재깊이에 따른 지상부 생육에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 사양토에서는 4~8cm 깊이로 식재하였을 때 지상부 생육이 양호하였다. 구근 생육은 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 효과적이었으며, 식양토에서 4cm 깊이로, 사양토에서는 8cm 깊이로 식재하는 것이 구근 비대에 좋았다. 따라서, 튤립의 지상부와 구근의 생육을 위해서 사양토에 8cm 깊이로 식재하는 것이 가장 바람직하였다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of soil texture and planting depth on shoot and bulb growth in Tulipa gesneriana ‘Ile de France’, ‘Kees Nelis’, and ‘Rundy’. In physical properties of clay loam and sandy loam, Solid, liquid, and gaseous phase of sandy loam were 54.7%, 13.3%, and 32.0%, respectively. Especially, gaseous phase of sandy loam was higher by 10.6% than that of clay loam. The porosity of sandy loam was 45.3%, and it was higher by 3% than that of clay loam. The pH of sandy loam and clay loam was 6.1 and 5.8, and EC of sandy loam was lower by 0.45 level than that of clay loam in chemical properties. The cation exchange capacity of clay loam was 4.68 me/100g, and it was higher in clay loam than in sandy loam. In ‘Ile de France’ and ‘Rundy’, shoot and flowering was better in sandy loam. But, shoot growth of ‘Kees Nelis’ was good in clay loam. In clay loam, shoot growth by planting depth was not different significantly. When bulbs were planted by 4~8 cm deep in sandy loam, shoot growth was better than the others. Bulb growth was more effective in sandy loam than in caly loam. The bulb planted by 4 cm deep in clay loam and 8 cm deep in sandy loam showed the good bulb growth in circumference and diameter, and weight of main bulb. Therefore, it was desirable that bulb of tulip was planted by 8 cm deep in sandy loam for shoot and bulb growth.

토성과 식재깊이에 따른 튤립의 줄기 및 구근 생육

유용권,노용승 인간식물환경학회 2013 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study was conducted to examine the effects of soil texture and planting depth on shoot and bulb growth in Tulipa gesneriana ‘Ile de France’, ‘Kees Nelis’, and ‘Rundy’. In physical properties of clay loam and sandy loam, Solid, liquid, and gaseous phase of sandy loam were 54.7%, 13.3%, and 32.0%, respectively. Especially, gaseous phase of sandy loam was higher by 10.6% than that of clay loam. The porosity of sandy loam was 45.3%, and it was higher by 3% than that of clay loam. The pH of sandy loam and clay loam was 6.1 and 5.8, and EC of sandy loam was lower by 0.45 level than that of clay loam in chemical properties. The cation exchange capacity of clay loam was 4.68 me/100g, and it was higher in clay loam than in sandy loam. In ‘Ile de France’ and ‘Rundy’, shoot and flowering was better in sandy loam. But, shoot growth of ‘Kees Nelis’ was good in clay loam. In clay loam, shoot growth by planting depth was not different significantly. When bulbs were planted by 4~8 cm deep in sandy loam, shoot growth was better than the others. Bulb growth was more effective in sandy loam than in caly loam. The bulb planted by 4 cm deep in clay loam and 8 cm deep in sandy loam showed the good bulb growth in circumference and diameter, and weight of main bulb. Therefore, it was desirable that bulb of tulip was planted by 8 cm deep in sandy loam for shoot and bulb growth.

Encoder-based localization method based on pre-built indoor environment map for 2-wheel agricultural indoor mobile robot

첸티안 ( Tean Chen ),조철현 ( Jo Chulhyun ),파블러 ( Pablo Vela ),유헌종 ( Heonjong Yoo ),이경환 ( Kyeonghwan Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.2

In an agricultural indoor environment like a greenhouse, it is hard to utilize GPS sensor for estimating mobile robot position. So odometry sensor i.g. encoder is needed for indoor agricultural robot localization. In a structured agricultural indoor environment, simultaneous localization and mapping method using multi-sensors such as Lidar, IMU, encoder to find a destination can be inefficient. we propose that encoder-based localization method based on a pre-built indoor environment map for efficient navigation of a 2-wheel agricultural indoor mobile robot. First, we constructed a 2D indoor map using Lidar and IMU data, and in the constructed map, for effective localization of the mobile robot, we divided the free space that the indoor mobile robot can navigate and the obstacles that interfere with the robot's moving in advance. And then to estimate the robot localization we adopt odometer increment model using encoder measurements of the indoor mobile robot. In order to evaluate the localization accuracy performance of our proposed method, we compared with the localization performance of the existing SLAM algorithms- LOAM, LeGo LOAM, A LOAM- for the position accuracy and odometry measurement accuracy with comparison to the position of the pre-built map. The position accuracy and odometry prediction accuracy of our proposed algorithm were evaluated as the average of 96.0% and 97.2% respectively. In the future, we will conduct further experiments in real agricultural indoor environments such as greenhouses.

병재배 폐톱밥을 이용한 양송이 복토재료 개발에 관한 연구

김홍규,이희덕,김용균,한규홍,문창식,김홍기 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

애느타리 병재배후 탈병한 톱밥을 3월 중순 퇴적하여 부숙시킨 결과 퇴적기간에 따른 폐톱밥의 부숙정도는 퇴적 30일이후에 가장 컸으며 부숙 소요일수는 최소 48일이었다. 퇴적 기간에 따른 폐톱밥의 pH 및 총 질소 함량은 부숙이 진전됨에 따라 증가하는 경향이었고 총 탄소 및 C/N율은 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 식양토에 부숙이 완료된 톱밥을 부피 비율로 10, 30, 50%씩 첨가하여 복토 재료로 사용한 결과 30% 첨가시 식양토 단용 처리보다 A. bisporus 균사 생장이 촉진되고 초발이 소요일수가 5일 빠르며, 수량에 있어서도 28% 증수되었다. After bottle culture of Pleurotus ostreatus, sawdust was taken out from the bottle and accumulated in the middle of March, and then composted. As the result, Y value was decreased rapidly 30 days after composting, and it was decreased slowly after 30 days. It is considered that 118 days is required for composting, however, it is possible to use for casing material after at least 48 days composting. The pH and total nitrogen content of sawdust based on composting period had tendency to increase as composting was processed. Total carbon and C/N rate had tendency to decrease as time went on. Based on the rate of 10, 30 and 50%, each sawdust was added to clay loam used as casing material for culturing A. bisporrus. Among various treatments, the mycelial growth of A. bisporus was more favorable in the treatment of 30% sawdust than in the single treatment of clay loam. Based on the date necessary for primodium formation of A. bisporus, the primodium formation in the treatment of 30% sawdust was reduced to about 5 days as compared with that of any other treatments When 30% sawdust was added to clay loam used as casing material for culturing A. bisporus, the yield of its fruiting body was increased to 28%.

자율주행 자동차의 전역지도 생성을 위한 LeGO-LOAM 개선 방법

장재헌(J. H. Jang),이담(D. Lee),임정학(J. H. Lim),이경창(K. C. Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

자율주행에서 차량의 정확한 위치 추정은 차량의 제어와 인지 판단에 있어 필수적인 요소이다. 따라서 전역지도를 생성하며 위치를 추정할 수 있는 SLAM은 자율주행에서 중요한 기술로 평가받고 있다. SLAM의 결과물인 지도는 차량이 주행하는 환경을 정밀하게 나타낼 수 있다. 생성된 지도를 이용하면 차량의 정확한 위치와 차량이 주행하는 환경의 특징을 알 수 있다. 또한 지도와 실시간 센서입력의 비교를 통한 장애물의 판단 등이 가능해진다. 하지만 대부분의 SLAM 알고리즘은 모바일 로봇을 이용하여 저속에서 개발되었으며 고속에서의 적용이 제한적이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 Lidar 기반 SLAM인 LeGO-LOAM알고리즘을 고속인 차량에 적용시키기 위해 연구를 진행하였다. 적용하고자 하는 LeGO-LOAM 은 Lidar 의 포인트 클라우를 이용하여 Lidar Odometry 를 가지고 SLAM을 실시하므로 LeGO-LOAM 의 사용을 위해서는 Lidar 센서만을 필요로 하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 LeGO-LOAM 은 고속주행 시 Lidar 의 낮은 Z 축 해상도로 인해 Z 축 방향의 오차가 발생한다. Z 축 방향의 오차는 Odometry 에서 기존 주행 경로 위로 새로운 경로가 그려지는 등의 오차를 유발해 Loop-Closer 의 동작을 방해한다. Loop-Closer 가 동작하지 않으면 지도의 경로에서 발생한 누적오차를 줄이기 힘들어 생성된 지도에 Drift 가 발생한다. 따라서 LeGO-LOAM 의 차량 적용을 위해서는 고속에서의 Z 축 오차를 줄여야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 Odometry 의 계산에 사용되는 피처의 선택에서 속도를 고려하고자 한다. 속도에 따른 피처 변화를 통해 Scan 간의 일치를 향상시켜 Lidar Odometry 의 정밀도를 개선하여 최종 출력물인 지도의 정밀도 또한 증가시키고자 한다.

全北特産韓藥材에 의한 農家所得增大方案硏究 1 : 韓藥材栽培의 適地選定을 위한 群小都市의 土壤調査

辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1998 한국전통의학지 Vol.8 No.2

Studied the size of soil by land category to select places suitable for cultivating oriental medicines, the speciaity of Chollabuk-do Provincial Government and property and size of the centering aroung topsoil. And the results are summarized as follows. 1. The total size of the soil of Kimje-City, Namwon-City, Iksan City, Chonju-City,Jeongup-City including Kunsan-City totaled adout 3,079,663.7㎢. 2. As for land category, forestry was 40% of a total size as about 1,224,513.7㎢. Rice field was 31% of a total size as about 960,723.1㎢. Dry field was 10% of a total size as about 293,448.7㎢. Though grassland and orchard did not amount to 1% as about 9,716.5 ㎢ and 228.6㎢, respectively other kinds of soil were 19% as about 588,853.3㎢. 3. As for the property of soil, loam was 46% as about 1,432,133.9㎢. Sandy loam was 24% as about 727,811㎢. Silty loam was 20% as about 608,486.6㎢. Sandy clay loam was 3% as about 82,139.3㎢. Sandy soil of good quality Anlehmiger sand did not amount to 1% as about 3,980.0㎢. While other kinds of soil were about 7% as about 234,104.6㎢.

全北特産 韓藥材에 의한 農家所得增大 方案 硏究 (I) : 韓藥材 栽培의 適地 選定을 위한 群小都市의 土壤 調査

辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1998 한국전통의학지 Vol.8 No.2

Studied the size of soil by land category to select places suitable for cultivating oriental medicines, the speciaity of Chollabuk-do Provincial Government and property and size of the centering aroung topsoil. And the results are summarized as follows. 1. The total size of the soil of Kimje-City, Namwon-City, Iksan City, Chonju-City, Jeongup-City including Kunsan-City totaled adout 3,079,663.7㎢. 2. As for land category, forestry was 40% of a total size as about 1,224,513.7㎢. Rice field was 31% of a total size as about 960,723.1㎢. Dry field was 10% of a total size as about 293,448.7㎢. Though grassland and orchard did not amount to 1% as about 9,716.5㎢ and 228.6㎢, respectively other kinds of soil were 19% as about 588,853.3㎢. 3. As for the property of soil, loam was 46% as about 1,432,133.9㎢. Sandy loam was 24% as about 727,811㎢. Silty loam was 20% as about 608,486.6㎢. Sandy clay loam was 3% as about 82,139.3㎢. Sandy soil of good quality Anlehmiger sand did not amount to 1% as about 3,980.0㎢. While other kinds of soil were about 7% as about 234,104.6㎢.

석고, 팽화왕겨 및 제오라이트 연속시용이 간척지 미사질 양토의 입단화에 미치는 영향

백승화,김재영,김성조 유기성자원학회 2013 유기물자원화 Vol.21 No.2

We investigated influence of continuous application of gypsum(G: CaSO4·2H2O), popped rice hulls(H) and zeolite(Z) on soil aggregation of reclaimed silt loam soils. The application rates amended to silt loam from reclaimed soils at Saemangeum of Mangyeong were varied as follows; 1550(G1), 3100(G2), 6200 (G3) gypsum kg/10a, 1000(H1), 2000(H2), 3000(H3)popped rice hulls kg/10a , and 200(HZ1), 400(HZ2), 800(HZ3) zeolite kg/10a added to 1500popped rice hulls kg/10a, respectively. In addition, the bermuda grass was growing, and the soil aggregates were analyzed for 60, 90 and 120 days after treatments(DAT). At 60DAT, the effect of treatment was in order of G>H≥HZ, and the 1550kg/10a(G1) was the highest as 52.48%. At 90 DAT, the effect of treatment was also in order of G>H>HZ. Those was 3.78-3.12, 2.03-3.03 and 1.79-2.57 times in compared with the control, respectively. At 120 DAT, the effect of treatment was similar continued in order of G>H>HZ. Those was 3.00-2.20, 1.06-1.64 and 0.92-1.23 times in compared with the control, respectively. In conclusion, we found that the continuous application for two year of gypsum, popped rice hulls and zeolite was excellent above the 1 year, and the effect of the treatment for soil amendments of reclaimed silt loam soil was excellent in order of G>H>HZ. 간척지의 미사질양토 토양에서 토양 개량제의 연속시용이 토양 입단화도에 미치는 효과를 보기 위하여 이수석고 1550(G1), 3100(G2), 6200(G3) kg/10a, 팽화왕겨 1000(H1), 2000(H2), 3000(H3) kg/10a, 팽화왕겨 1500 kg/10a에 zeolite를 200(HZ1), 400(HZ2), 800(HZ3) kg/10a을 각각 조합처리 하는 등 3종의 토양개량제를 처리하고, 60, 90, 120 DAT(처리 후 경과 일수)에서 입단크기별 입단 생성 정도를 분석하였다. 60 DAT 미사질 양토에서 입단형성을 위한 토양개량제 효과는 이수석고 단일처리>팽화왕겨+Zeolite≥팽화왕겨 단일처리 순으로 그 시용효과가 높았으며, 이수석고 1550 kg/10a(G1) 처리가 52.49%로 가장 높은 입단화도를 나타내었다. 90 DAT에서는 이수석고>팽화왕겨>팽화왕겨+zeolite 순으로 그 시용효과가 높아 무처리에 비하여 각각 3.78-3.12, 2.03-3.03, 1.79-2.57배의 시용효과를 나타내었다. 120 DAT에서는 90 DAT의 경우와 같이 이수석고>팽화왕겨>팽화왕겨+zeolite 순으로 입단화도의 유지효과가 지속되고 있었으며, 무처리구에 비하여 각각 3.00-2.20, 1.06-1.64, 0.92-1.23배의 시용효과를 나타내었다. 팽화왕겨 및 팽화왕겨+zeolite 처리는 시간이 더 경과된 120 DAT에서 입단감소가 뚜렷하였고, 이수석고는 1550kg/10a(G1)의 입단화도가 53.28%로 가장 높았다. 2년 연속 시용에 따른 입단 형성량은 120 DAT에서 1년차의 경우보다 크게 향상되는 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 간척지의 토양개량제 시용 효과는 2년 연속 시용의 경우가 1년 시용의 경우보다 입단화율을 높였고, 미사질 양토의 입단 형성에 이수석고 시용이 가장 효과적 이었다.

Effect of Fertigation Level and Frequency on Uptake of Nutrients, Growth, and Yield in Cucumber

Joo Hyun Lee,Sam Ki Park,Yong Hee Lee,Yong-Beom Lee 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.6

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of combined irrigation and fertigation level and frequency on the uptake of nutrient elements, growth, and yield of cucumber. Plant weight, leaf number, and total yield including marketable yield of cucumber increased when the amount of fertigation solution per day increased from 0.5 to 2 L/plant. There were significant changes in electrical conductivity, pH, and available soil P depending on fertigation level and soil type. Soil pH in loam soil decreased with increasing fertigation levels, whereas in sandy loam soil pH increased. The highest fruit yield was obtained at 1.5 and 2 L of fertigation level per day. At fertigation frequency treatments, transpiration rate and photosynthesis were highest at four times a week and diffusive resistance was highest clearly at one time a week. Fertigation frequencies affected P and Mg content of cucumber plants significantly, but not the N content. The highest fruit yield was obtained at the treatments of three and four fertigations per week.

석고, 팽화왕겨 및 제오라이트 연속시용이 간척지 세사양토의 입단화에 미치는 영향

백승화(Seung-Hwa Baek),김재영(Jae-Young Kim),이상욱(Sang-Uk Lee),김성조(Seong-Jo Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.5

간척지 세사양토 토양에 Bermuda grass 재배 시 토양개량제의 시용이 토양 입단화도에 미치는 효과를 보기위하여 이수석고 1550 (G1), 3100 (G2), 6200 (G3) kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, 팽화왕겨 1000 (H1), 2000 (H2), 3000 (H3) kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, 팽화왕겨 1500 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>에 zeolite를 200 (HZ1), 400 (HZ2), 800 (HZ3) kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>을 각각 조합처리 하는 등 3종의 토양개량제를 처리하고, 60, 90, 120 DAT(처리 후 경과 일수)에서 입단크기별 입단생성 정도를 분석하였다. 60 DAT 세사양토에서 이수석고 단일처리 효과는 G3 경우 1.0-2.0 mm의 입단이, 무처리구 보다 4.66% 감소시키고 있어서 이수석고 시용수준은 1550 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>이하였다. 팽화왕겨와 팽화왕겨+zeolite는 토양의 입단 증가에 기여한 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 토양개량제별 입단생 성에 대한 효과는 팽화왕겨≥팽화왕겨+zeolite>이수석고>무처리 순이었다. 90 DAT에서 토양입단형성에 기여한 G1>G2>G3>무처리순으로 이수석고의 시용증가가 오히려 세사양토의 입단형성정도를 감소시켰다. 이때의 이수석고 시용수준도 1550 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP> 이하였다. 90 DAT에서 팽화왕겨처리에 의한 토양입단형성은 이수석고 처리 경우 보다 7% 이상이 높았다. 특히 2이상과 2.0-1.0 mm의 입단의 양이 높아지고 있었다. 90 DAT에서 토양의 입단형성을 위한 팽화의 시용양은 1000 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP> (H1) 이하였다. 팽화왕겨 1500+zeolite 200 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP> (HZ1) 처리구가 90 DAT에서 입단화도가 52.78%로 가장 효과적이었다. 특히 2 mm 이상과 2.0-1.0 mm의 입단이 무처리구 비하여 2-4배 높았다. 120 DAT에서 팽화왕겨 2000 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP> (H2)의 입단화도가 51.50%로 가장 높게 나타나고 있어 팽화왕겨처리는 입단형성 작용뿐만 아니라 입단유지에도 효과적이었다. 팽화왕겨처리 (1550 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>)와 zeolite 800 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>조합처리 구에서 48.51%의 입단화도를 나타내고 있었다. 결과적으로 계화도 세사양토의 입단형성 증가를 위한 토양개량제의 처리효과는 팽화왕겨>팽화왕겨+zeolite>이수석고 순이었다. We investigated influence of continious application of gypsum (G: CaSO4 ? 2H2O), popped rice hulls (H) and zeolite (Z) on soil aggregation of reclaimed sandy loam soils. The application rates amended to fine sandy loam from reclaimed soils at Kyehwado were varied as follows:1550 (G1), 3100 (G2), 6200 (G3), 1000 (H1), 2000 (H2), 3000 (H3), and 200 (HZ1), 400 (HZ2) and 800 (HZ3) added to 1500(H) kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Soil aggregates were analyzed for 60, 90 and 120 days after treatments (DAT). At 60 DAT, The amount of aggregate from soil samples treated with gypsum was slightly increased with G1 while the aggregation was decreased by 4.66% for G3 for soil aggregates than thar of control. The treatments of H or HZ were effective in soil aggregation. The effect of treatment was in the order of H > HZ > G. At 90 DAT, increasing amount of gypsum attributed to decrease in soil aggregates. Therefore, we could conclude that suitable amounts of gypsum for soil aggregation in fine sandy loam might be 1550 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP> or less. H1 increased aggregation by 7% for aggregate size between 1.0 and 2.0 mm. HZ1 was most effective in aggregation by 52.78% among the treatments while H2 and HZ3 51.50% and 48.51% at 120 DAT, respectively. As a result, we found that the effect of the treatment for soil amendments was in order of H > HZ > G.