유럽의 유기축산 사례 및 우리나라 유기축산의 발전 방안

안종호 ( Ahn Jong-ho ),조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

유럽의 유기축산 사례 및 우리나라 유기축산의 발전 방안

안종호,조익환,이주삼 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural byproducts such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of antibiotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

소규모 경축순환 유기농가의경제적 최적규모 조합 실증 분석

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2018 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Organic agriculture seeks sustainable agriculture. Organic agriculture is based on circulating agriculture of a family farm unit. However, as of the end of 2016, only 33 out of the total organic farming farms were implementing Crop-Livestock cycling organic farming. The reason seems to be a matter of income after all. The optimal size combination refers to the scale by which family farms can maintain their quality of life while engaging in farming activities. In other words. it is a farm scale that maintains optimal income through stable labor costs. In the meantime, there has been no previous study on the optimal economical combination of Crop-Livestock cycling farming. Choi (2016) analyzed whether the economies of scope (EOS) were realized in the combined production by using the management data of the farmers who practiced Crop-Livestock cycling organic farming for four years. As a result, it has been revealed that the EOS measurement value is 0 or more so the economies of scope are being realized. Therefore, the purpose of this empirical analysis is to identify farm incomes under this circumstance. It is assumed that the optimum production is achieved by balancing the total income curve and the total cost curve in the optimal scale production range. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the income after the conversion to Crop-Livestock cycling farming was 44,789,280 won, the sum of the seedling-livestock sector, which was 17,873,120 won higher when the non-Crop-Livestock cycling farming was assumed. The same is true for 2014 and 2015. The reason for this is that pig droppings were composted from organic seedlings, and the cost of selling pork was 150,000 won/per pig more expensive even though the manufacturing cost of organic feeds was higher than the purchasing cost. Secondly, this study simulated the result that the economic index varies when the farm size combination is changed by the farm size of 100% standard (S100) as of 2014. S130 is the increase in size from 100% of 2014, whereas S30 is the result of 3ha crop and 66 livestock (pigs). As a result of this simulation, Crop-Livestock cycling farming income decreased more than non-Crop-Livestock cycling farming as the farm size decreased, whereas the income decreased as the farm size increased. When the size was reduced below S50, the income tended to decrease. In this situation, EOS changed in the same direction. The results showed that when the farming size was reorganized and reduced to 50% compared to 2014, the income and income difference was the highest. At the same time, economies of scope (EOS) were the highest at 0.12985. In other words, it was found that the income of farm houses in a family farm unit sector was the best in the combination of 1.5ha crop agriculture and 110 livestock (pigs).

경종-축산 순환 유기농업의 가치 증진을 위한 농가 간 협동조직화 모델 연구 - 경종-축산 순환 양돈 농가를 사례로 -

최덕천 ( Choi Deog-cheon ) 한국유기농업학회 2020 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The significance of this study was to analyze the quality value of organic livestock pork for the first time based on the results of managing and testing the cycling organic farming of black pork and vegetables within farm for two years. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, the pork of experimental group with crop-livestock cycling farming showed the excellent quality and high consumer preference compared to the control group of general pork or pork from non-crop-livestock cycling organic farming. In the content ratio of Omega-3 as a representative essential fatty acid, it was 1.46 that was about 2.8 times more than general pork (0.52). In case of Omega-6, it had about 2.5 times more than general pork. Especially, the U/S ratio value which was the content ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA, U) of Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA, S), was largely shown in pork (2.93) from cycling organic farming. Second, it would be necessary to maintain the economies of scope shown in crop-livestock cycling organic farming, and the high quality value of livestock products. For this, there should be a value chain model that could realize the economies of scope and economies of scale at the same time based on scaling and diversification through cooperative organization between farmers. Through this, it would be possible to establish a cycling model called ‘community cooperative agriculture’ by forming local internal markets through cooperation of production-processing and integration of distribution-sale-consumption. For the managerial activation of this cooperative organization, the government should promote/support the small crop-livestock cycling organic farming cooperative organization in local unit. For securing the reliability of crop-livestock cycling organic agricultural products and crop-livestock cycling organic livestock products, it would be necessary to review the introduction of Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).

축사 주변 토지의 감정평가에 관한 연구: 위험(스티그마)효과를 중심으로

조윤진,박재욱,이동근 한국감정평가학회 2023 감정평가학논집 Vol.22 No.3

육류소비증가로 축산농가는 고소득을 올리고 있는 반면, 국민 의식수준이 높아짐에 따른 축사 신축의 장벽은 높아져 환경 및 인체 건강의 부정적 영향에 비해 프리미엄이 부각되고 있다. 축사 관련 손해배상 등에서 새로운 감정평가의 역할이 대두되는 가운데, 본 연구에서는 특히 위험(스티그마)효과 위주로 축사 주변 토지의 감정평가에 필요한 유의점을 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 축사 주변 토지를 거래사례로 선정 시 축사로부터 이격거리에 유의 2) 거래사례 선정 시 동일 또는 유사한 지목이더라도 실제 이용상황이 축사 부지면 배제할 필요 3) 축사 주변 토지의 농지 전용가능성이나 대지 등의 개발가능성 제한 염두 4) 위험(스티그마) 효과 적용 시 거리 등에 따른 감가적용 5) 평가대상 토지 주변 축사 확인 시, 법령 및 조례 등 검토, 담당 공무원을 통한 질의, 정보공개 청구 등 방법으로 확인사항 확인 6) 현장조사 시, 관정의 유무, 경사도 확인, 가축분뇨의 관리부족, 우수처리시설 미비, 악취 및 소음의 확인 필요 7) 축사 신축 어려움으로 인한 프리미엄에 자칫 환경 및 인체 건강의 부정적 영향을 간과하지 않도록 주의 등이다. With the increase in meat consumption, livestock farms are experiencing higher income; however, the barriers to constructing new livestock farms are escalating due to the heightened public awareness and a premium is being emphasized in contrast to the negative impacts on the environment. Amidst the emergence of a new role for appraisals in compensation for livestock-related damages, the study aims to derive key considerations for the appraisal of land around livestock farms, particularly focusing on risk (stigma) effects, The research findings include: 1) Confirm the presence of livestock barns around the land subject to appraisal using national precision underground water maps. 2)If a livestock farm is identified, pre-information confirmation is essential through a review of relevant laws, local government regulations and ordinances, inquiries with responsible officials, and requests for information disclosure. 3) During on-site investigations, check for the presence of tube wells, slope, inadequate management of livestock waste, insufficient rainwater treatment facilities, and verify the existence of odor and noise. 4)Apply diminution based on distance, etc., when applying the risk (stigma) effect. 5) Be cautious not to overlook the negative impact on the environment and human health due to the premium from the difficulty of building new livestock sheds. Furthermore, this study proposes the following implications: 1) Address fairness issues related to livestock-related designations. 2) Establish criteria for on-site investigations and environmental pollution tests during the closure process of livestock farms. 3) Set environmental standards for antibiotics. 4) Develop standards reflecting not only the negative impact on the environment but also on human health.

축산법상 가축사육 규제와 국가책임 : 사육기준 형성의 자유와 안전보호자로서의 책임과 관련하여

김성원,박정일 가천대학교 법학연구소 2013 가천법학 Vol.6 No.1

오늘날 우리가 소비하는 축산물, 즉 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 등은 대부분 공장식 축산방법으로 사육되었다 해도 과언이 아니다. 공장식 축산이란 공장에서 동일한 규격의 제품을 대량으로 찍어내듯이, 비용을 최대한 절감하는 표준화된 방법으로 가축을 사육하여 고기를 대량 공급하는 시스템이다.안전한 축산물 소비를 위해서는 가축의 도살이후 식탁에 오르기까지의 위생환경도 중요하지만 그 이전에 적절한 사육환경 조성이 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 축산 농가는 소득증대를 위해 이것을 무시하며 대량공급 달성에 열을 올리고 있다. 즉 활동하기조차 매우 비좁은 공간에서 항생제를 대량으로 먹여가며 빠른 시간 내에 살을 찌워 우리에게 공급하는 것이다. 이런 축산물은 우리 건강에 장래 어떤 영향을 줄 것인가?, 그리고 그에 대한 근본적 책임은 누구에게 있는 것일까?공장식 축산의 내용인 ‘단위면적당 가축사육기준’은 축산법 시행령에 규정되어 있다. 2013년 2월부터 축산법상 사육규제를 강화하였지만, 이 기준은 예전과 비교하여 크게 달라진 바가 없다. 그리고 여전히 사육업자가 이 기준을 준수하도록 하기 위한 행정제재의 실효성에도 한계를 가지고 있다. 이 글에서는 공장식 축산방법으로 사육된 축산물과 이를 소비한 국민의 생명 ․ 건강상의 위해 간에는 직접적인 관련성이 있음을 전제로 하였다. 즉 국가가 설정한 ‘단위면적당 적정사육기준’이 사육업자의 부적절한 사육환경을 유발시키고 있다는 점을 근거로 하여 국가의 안전보호의무 위반에 대한 책임을 논하였다. A large number of Livestock Products which people consume, such as beef, pork and chicken, are bred in the factory farm.Factory farming system is the way to supply the livestock products in large quantities which breeders have bred in the factory farm to cut costs maximally such as many same goods have been made in the factory.For people's consuming safe livestock products, though the sanitary environment from slaughtering livestock to people's table is very important, making proper feeding environment should always come before that.However, livestock feeders ignore this and just try to supply as many livestock prouducts as possible.So, livestock breeders make livestock animals grow fat as fast as possible in the very tiny space and administer antibiotics to them. Will these livestock products have been good for our health in the future?The standard of livestock husbandry per unit area in factory farming system is stipulated by regulations for Livestock Industry Act.Since February, 2003, though regulations for Livestock Industry Act have been tightened, there is not much in it. It has also the limit in the effectiveness of administrative restriction to make livestock breeders keep the regulations for Livestock Products ActIn this paper, it is assumed that there is a direct link between livestock products from factory farm and people's health who have eaten livestock products from factory farm National responsibility is discussed under this assumption.

가축질병치료보험 가입에 따른 한우 농가의 방역치료비 변동성 완화 효과 분석

남경수,명수환 한국농촌경제연구원 2024 농촌경제 Vol.47 No.1

본 연구에서는 가축질병치료보험의 효과를 생산성, 비용, 수익 변화의 관점이 아닌 경영안정 측면에서 방역치료비 변동성 완화에 의한 효용증가를 리스크 프리미엄 변화를 통해 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 한우 사육 농가의 리스크 프리미엄 변화는 방역치료비 변동성 완화 효과 체감 정도가 클수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 동일한 시나리오 범위 내에서 위험회피 성향이 커질수록 리스크 프리미엄 변화 또한 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 축종별 리스크 프리미엄 변화는 한우비육우 사육 농가(Korean Hanwoo beef fattening farms)가 한우번식우 사육 농가(Korean Hanwoo beef breeding farms)에 비해 크게 나타났다. 한우 사육 규모별 가축질병치료보험에 대한 리스크 프리미엄 변화는 사육 규모가 작은 농가에서 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로, 한우 사육 농가의 경영 안정화에 기여하는 가축질병치료보험이 전국적으로 확대될 수 있도록 가입 농가의 특성에 따른 보험 활용도와 보험 효과에 대한 인식을 분석하고, 이를 축종 및 사육 규모에 맞게 고려하여 보험 가입자들의 만족도 제고와 효율적인 수의 진료 서비스 지원 방안을 모색해야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study assessed the efficacy of livestock disease insurance by examining changes in risk premiums related to the mitigation of volatility in disease treatment costs, rather than focusing on alterations in productivity, cost, or profit. The analysis revealed that the risk premium adjustments for Korean Hanwoo beef farms increased in tandem with the perceived effectiveness of mitigating disease treatment cost per head volatility. Additionally, these adjustments escalated with higher tendencies toward risk aversion within the same scenario range. Korean Hanwoo beef fattening farms experienced more significant changes in risk premiums compared to Korean Hanwoo beef breeding farms, based on livestock types. Furthermore, smaller-scale farms exhibited relatively substantial variations in risk premiums for livestock disease insurance. Consequently, it is deemed crucial to analyze insurance utilization and perceptions regarding its effects tailored to specific farm characteristics. This approach aims to facilitate the nationwide expansion of livestock disease insurance, contributing to the stabilization of management in Korean Hanwoo beef farms. Moreover, considering these factors concerning livestock types and farms scales will enhance insurance subscriber satisfaction and aid in determining ways to efficiently support medical services.

일제 강점기 조선 난곡기계농장의 대규모 농장제 유축전작 농업경영 실태

삼포양자 ( Miura Yoko ),김태곤(역) ( Tae Gon Kim ) 한국농업사학회 2008 농업사연구 Vol.7 No.1

Aichi Industry Co., Ltd. provided funds to assist five captive German soldiers during World War I, who remained in Japan after the end of the war and volunteered to engage in agriculture. With this support, agriculture on a large scale with livestock as sideline started as Nangok Mechanical Farm in Nangok, Ganngweon Do in Korea in 1920. A farm land in Nangok lacked fertility due to slash-and-burn agriculture by swidden farmers and, to begin with, gravels and hard rocks existing on the the farm land had to be removed from there. As the name of Mechanical Farming implies, expensive agricultural machine in a large quantity was imported from Germany. The machine was more efficient than draft cattle in a cold climate because the machine was very helpful to reduce labor and made it possible to save time for plowing, sowing and harvesting. The farm management consisting of crop-livestock farming and its corresponding sideline engaged in land improvement by barnyard manure, breed improvement of crop, R & D on seed, establishment of rotation farming and improvement of livestock. The farm management grew to earn through production and sales of agricultural produce including potato, rye, milk dairy products and pork products but the agriculture business with a poor track record managed to survive by subsidy from the Governor-general of Korea.

Development of Sustainable Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming System in KAFACI member countries

Kadiata Olivier,Jeong HyeunKyeung,Lee Jeongran,Lee Keunpyo 한국국제농업개발학회 2022 한국국제농업개발학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.09

Climate change has severely impacted food security and agricultural productivity in Africa. The scarcity of rains and the severe drought affecting the Sub-Saharan and the horn of Africa have impoverished the soil, and water resources, and have caused the death of livestock in countries like Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, and etc. On the other hand, the usage of chemical fertilizers for soil and crop nutrients is becoming an economic and environmental burden for African farmers. Thus, the necessity to implement sustainable agricultural technics to maintain and improve soil fertility by applying natural nutrients obtained from livestock manure while livestock is fed with crop residues in a single agricultural area. Although this farming system offers environmental and economic benefits to farmers, particularly in the rural and semi-urban areas, its implementation is very low in Africa because of: 1) constant migration of herders in the search of green pasture for livestock, making the collection of manure difficult, 2) religious and traditional beliefs considering animal waste as not being pure to be applied on crops, 3) conflicts between herders and farmers over the control of water resources and arable lands, making the cohabitation of livestock and crops in one farmland unlikely, and 4) the habit of crop residues burning, which is not just harmful to the environment but also a waste of natural livestock fed. Based on the reviewed literature, the Korea-Africa Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (KAFACI) plans to develop and implement an integrated crop-livestock project in KAFACI member countries with the mission 1) to diffuse the importance of using natural nutrients for improving soil fertility and enhancing crop and livestock productivity in Africa, 2) to train researchers and farmers on new technologies for manure treatments, 3) to demonstrate the benefits of using livestock manure for soil fertility, crops nutrients, while using crop residues as livestock nutrients, and 4) contribute to enhancing sustainable agriculture in Africa through the reduction of greenhouse gas by reducing livestock’s waste and crop residues burning.

지속가능한 축산시스템 구축방안

이병오 ( B. O. Lee ),양정희 ( J. H. Yang ),김성철 ( C. Z. Jin ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2012 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.24 No.1

FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) occurred at the end of 2010 illustrated that Korean livestock industry should be reformed to a sustainable system urgently. First of all, Korean livestock industry needs to maintain suitable size by farm, region and whole country. Livestock system should harmonize with environment and animal welfare. Environment-friendly livestock farm system is known to prevent disease and create benefit. Manure distribution centers (MDC) ought to be built to link livestock farms with crop farms. Livestock farms without land can maintain suitable herd size because of MDC. And manure should be retreated to safe and high quality compost at MDC. Also we can produce fermented roughage (Total Mixed Ration, TMR) by green rice plant at a paddy field like Japan. For increasing income in suitable size, it requires to pursue highest value. Food safety, brand, differentiation, certification, and consumer communication are effective tools to increase value. Recently, consumers have paid more attention to healthy, safe and natural products, and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities of firms. Particularly, traceability system, green marketing, and risk communication are considered as primary means to make consumers mentally confide in domestic livestock products. We can receive many suggestions and ideas from consumers or experts through risk communication.