갓김치 분획물의 in Vitro 항돌연변이 및 항암 효과

박건영,김용택,김보경 대한암예방학회 2006 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.11 No.4

To investigate antimutagenic and anticancer activity of the optimally ripened mustard leaf (Brassica juncea) kimchi (fermented at 15oC for 6 days, pH 4.2~4.4), methanol extract (ext.) and five fractions (hexane fraction (fr.), dichloromethane fraction, ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction and aqueous fraction) from mustard leaf kimchi were prepared, and Ames test, MTT assay, growth inhibition test and DAPI staining were examined. The dichloromethane fr. of mustard leaf kimchi exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities against the mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin B1 in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 than methanol ex. and other fractionated samples. Mustard leaf kimchi extract and fractions inhibited the survival or growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells in MTT assay and growth inhibition test. Among the fractions, dichloromethane fr. and hexane fr. of the mustard leaf kimchi showed the strongest inhibitory effect than methanol ex. Especially, dichloromethane fr. induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by DAPI staining assay. The results of DAPI staining assay, the ratio of apoptotic body increased as dose dependent. These results indicated that mustard leaf kimchi have a chemopreventive effect. (Cancer Prev Res 11, 359-365, 2006)

An optimal standardized in vitro bioassay to evaluate susceptibility of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae ( Sulzer) ( Insecta: H emoptera: A phididae), t o aphicides

Ka Hee Cho,Hyo Jung Kim,Yu Na Kim,Young Cheol Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Leaf-spray in vitro bioassays appraise new aphicidal formulations for managing deleterious plant-feeding aphids. The formulation may utilize alternative and integrated strategies. However, leaf spraying even under controlled conditions may affect aphid reproduction and mortality. This study examines leaf spray applications for optimum and reproducible aphicidal results using tobacco leaves overlaid on cotton fabric or water agar surfaces. Infestation of the undersides of tobacco leaves with nymphs of green peach aphids was used in the assays. Spray distance and volume were optimized using water-sensitive paper to ascertain the best surface coverage. Overlays of the leaves on water agar caused less mortality and greater reproduction than the use of cotton fabric. The relative humidity of the insect-rearing chambers changed with the watering regime for the insect - rearing chambers with cotton fabric; 60% relative humidity was optimal. Relative humidity was not affected by the concentration of agar in the water agar chambers. Applications of the chemical aphicidal standard, Sulfoxaflor, under the optimized conditions exhibited similar times for lethality although the rate was faster with leaves on the cotton fabric than on water agar. These studies establish reproducible and sensitive techniques for assessing the lethality and effects on reproduction of potential aphicidal products.

복숭아혹진딧물, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Insecta: Hemoptera: Aphididae), 살진딧물 최적 in vitro 살충력 검정 방법 확립

조가희,김효정,김영철 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.62 No.3

진딧물 방제제 개발을 위해 In vitro 경엽살포 검정방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 신소재 진딧물 방제 제형은 종합방제와 화학농약의 대안 으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 경엽살포 검정방법은 환경이 조절되는 실내에서도 진딧물의 증식과 살충에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 담배를 기주로 하여 솜과 한천방법을 이용하여 진딧물 방제제 검정을 위한 최적 경엽살포 확립하고자 하였다. 진딧물 검정 챔버에 솜과 한천을 넣은후 담배 잎과 진딧물 3-4령 약충을 접종하였다. Water-sensitive paper를 이용하여 경엽살포 시에 가장 표면 피복이 높은 최적 경엽살포 거리와 살포량을 확립하였다. 대조구로 물을 처리한 구에서 한천 방법이 솜 방법에 비해 살충율이 낮고, 증식율이 높았다. 솜 검정 방법에는 곤충 검정 챔버의 상대습도를 60% 이상 유지시켰을 때 가장 최적 조건이었지만, 한천 검정 방법에서는 한천의 농도에 상대습도 차이가 없었다. 최적화된 조건하에서 대조화학 농약, Sulfoxaflor, 경엽살포 시 솜 방법에서 살충율이 한천방법보다 빨랐지만, 최종 살충율은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 살진딧물 물질을 검정 시 재현성과 활용성이 가능한 최적화된 증식율과 살충율 검정 조건을 제시하였다. : Leaf-spray in vitro bioassays appraise new aphicidal formulations for managing deleterious plant-feeding aphids. The formulation may utilize alternative and integrated strategies. However, leaf spraying even under controlled conditions may affect aphid reproduction and mortality. This study examines leaf spray applications for optimum and reproducible aphicidal results using tobacco leaves overlaid on cotton fabric or water agar surfaces. Infestation of the undersides of tobacco leaves with nymphs of green peach aphids was used in the assays. Spray distance and volume were optimized using water-sensitive paper to ascertain the best surface coverage. Overlays of the leaves on water agar caused less mortality and greater reproduction than the use of cotton fabric. The relative humidity of the insect-rearing chambers changed with the watering regime for the insect - rearing chambers with cotton fabric; 60% relative humidity was optimal. Relative humidity was not affected by the concentration of agar in the water agar chambers. Applications of the chemical aphicidal standard, Sulfoxaflor, under the optimized conditions exhibited similar times for lethality although the rate was faster with leaves on the cotton fabric than on water agar. These studies establish reproducible and sensitive techniques for assessing the lethality and effects on reproduction of potential aphicidal products.

Anticancer Activity of Zea mays Leaf Extracts on Oxidative Stress-induced Hep2 Cells

Kiruthika Balasubramanian,Palghat Raghunathan Padma 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.3

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans. It is believed that plants can provide potential bioactive compounds for the development of “new leads” to combat cancer and other diseases. The present study focuses on the ability of the different extracts (aqueous, methanol, and chloroform) of the leaves of Zea mays in influencing the process of apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Hep2 (laryngeal carcinoma) cells. Various apoptosis-related parameters, such as cell viability, morphological changes, nuclear changes, and apoptotic index were characterized. sulforhodamine B and MTT assays were used to quantify the extent of cell death in the group exposed to H2O2, plant extracts, and their combination. Treatment with H2O2 caused cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The administration of leaf extract also caused an increase in the death of cancer cells. Oxidatively stressed cancer cells co-treated with all the Z. mays leaf extracts (except the chloroform extract) demonstrated cytotoxicity on a par with the H2O2-treated groups. This indicated that the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts did not influence the cytotoxic action of H2O2 in the cancer cells. Thus, various apoptosisrelated events in Hep2 cells exposed to leaf extract throw light on the potential anticancer activity of the Z. mays leaves. The maximum activity was exerted by the methanolic extract followed by the aqueous and chloroform extracts.

Effect of Alfalfa Plant Extracts on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Forages

Sang-Uk Chon,Seong-Kyu Choi,Sang-Won Park 韓國作物學會 2000 Korean journal of crop science Vol.45 No.5

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants have been reported to contain water-soluble substances that are autotoxic as well as allelopathic. Laboratory experiment through a petri-dish assay with imbibed seeds was conducted to evaluate both autotoxic and allelopathic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts on the germination and early seedling growth of alfalfa, red clover, crested wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. Alfalfa seed germination was delayed dependent on extract concentration, with no difference in final germination at 72 hours. Root growth of alfalfa was stimulated up to 14% above control at very low concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts of alfalfa and was significantly reduced at extract concentration of more than 0.5g dry tissue/L (gL-1 ). Leaf extracts were generally more autotoxic for root growth than were stem extracts. Hypocotyl growth was not affected by all the concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts. Root length of legumes was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemicals from leaf extracts than was germination or shoot length. Hypocotyl growth of two legume plants and plant height of two grasses were not influenced by extracts. Seed germination and root growth of legumes were more inhibited by aqueous extracts of alfalfa leaf than were those of grasses. This result indicates autotoxic effect of alfalfa leaf extracts seems to be greater than allelopathic effect.

Effect of Alfalfa Plant Extracts on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Forages

Chon, Sang-Uk,Choi, Seong-Kyu,Park, Sang-Won The Korean Society of Crop Science 2000 Korean journal of crop science Vol.45 No.5

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants have been reported to contain water-soluble substances that are autotoxic as well as allelopathic. Laboratory experiment through a petri-dish assay with imbibed seeds was conducted to evaluate both autotoxic and allelopathic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts on the germination and early seedling growth of alfalfa, red clover, crested wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. Alfalfa seed germination was delayed dependent on extract concentration, with no difference in final germination at 72 hours. Root growth of alfalfa was stimulated up to 14% above control at very low concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts of alfalfa and was significantly reduced at extract concentration of more than 0.5g dry tissue/L (${gL}_{-1}$). Leaf extracts were generally more autotoxic for root growth than were stem extracts. Hypocotyl growth was not affected by all the concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts. Root length of legumes was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemicals from leaf extracts than was germination or shoot length. Hypocotyl growth of two legume plants and plant height of two grasses were not influenced by extracts. Seed germination and root growth of legumes were more inhibited by aqueous extracts of alfalfa leaf than were those of grasses. This result indicates autotoxic effect of alfalfa leaf extracts seems to be greater than allelopathic effect.

Difference of Susceptibility on Bentgrass Cultivars to Pink Snow Mold Caused by Microdochium nivale

장태현 한국잔디학회 2011 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.25 No.2

The susceptibility of cultivars of three bentgrass species (creeping, colonial, and velvet bentgrass) was evaluated on detached leaves assays with pink snow mold 9 isolates caused by Microdochum nivale in Petri dishes and whole plants under controlled conditions. The pink snow mold isolates obtained from infected turfgrasses on golf courses in Wisconsin were tested on response of fungicides and temperature. Detached leaf assay and susceptibility of bentgrass cultivars were evaluated with potted adult seeding during 80 days. Nine isolates were susceptible to two fungicides and were significantly different among isolates. Mycelial growth was varied in response of temperatures among isolates. There were significant differences in development and colonization of the fungus on detached leaf assay among bentgrass species include culvitars. There were significant differences on whole plants in disease severities among the three bentgrass species, particularly between tetraploids (creeping and colonial) and diploid (velvet) species,and among cultivars within each species, indicating that there are varying levels of susceptibility in species and cultivars to M. nivale. This study could be applied to evaluate the susceptibility of bentgrass to pink snow mold and also to predict a prospective evaluation of bentgrass cultivars to pink snow mold in fields in a breeding program.

감잎(Diospyros kaki Thunb) 추출물의 항산화 및 항알레르기 효과

유기환(Ki-Hwan Yoo),정종문(Jong-Moon Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.12

본 연구에서는 현재까지 연구되어진 감잎 추출물(PLE)의 추출방법을 달리하고 그 추출물을 비 특이적 흡착 resin을 사용하여 부분 정제함으로서 추출물의 활성을 높이고자 하였으며 PLE와 PLE의 부문 정제물(PPLE)의 페놀성 화합물 및 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 항산화제와 항알레르기 개선제로써의 유효성을 알아보기 위해 항산화 효과에 관여하는 DPPH 라디칼 포착효능, superoxide 음이온 라디칼 포착효능과 제Ⅰ형 알레르기 반응 억제 효능에 관여하는 5-LO억제 효능, COX억제효능, NO소거효능 및 수동피부아나필락시스 억제 효능(PCA)을 측정하였다. 그 결과 PLE와 PPLE의 페놀성 화합물은 각각 230.0±19.6 ㎎/g, 475±38.7 ㎎/g이 함유되어 있었고, 플라보노이드는 각각 34.8±6.5 ㎎/g, 78.8±3.6 ㎎/g 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 PLE와 PPLE이 각각 23.8±63.2 ㎎/g, 10.0±1.3 ㎎/g의 농도에서 DPPH 라디칼을, 47.6±3.4 ppm, 22.4±3.3 ppm의 농도에서 superoxide 음이온 라디칼을 50% 소거하는 것으로 나타났다. PLE와 PPLE의 항알레르기 효능에 관하여 5-LO의 IC50값이 각각 77.1±11.7 ppm, 38.6±7.0 ppm으로 양성대조군인 EGCG의 IC50(18.9±5.5 ppm)보다는 높았지만 PLE와 PPLE가 EGCG와 같은 단일물질이 아니라 천연혼합물임을 감안하였을 때 5-LO를 비교적 낮은 농도에서 억제하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 또한, COX-2의 선택적 저해율을 COX-1과 COX-2의 비율 비교를 통해 나타낸 결과 양성대조군으로 사용한 EGCG보다는 떨어지는 결과를 나타냈으나 다른 천연물과 비교하였을 때 COX-2를 상당히 선택적으로 저해하고 있음을 확인하였다. 마우스의 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포주를 사용하여 낮은 세포독성과 NO소거에도 우수한 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 마우스를 이용하여 수동피부아나필락시스 반응 억제 효과도 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면, 감잎 추출물이 항산화 및 항알레르기 효능을 갖고 있어 알레르기성 비염이나 아토피와 같은 알레르기관련 질병 예방 및 개선 또는 건강식품 원료로서 유효하게 사용될 것이라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and antiallergic effects of persimmon leaf extract. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the crude persimmon leaf extract (PLE) and the partially purified persimmon leaf extract (PPLE) were determined in in vitro assays by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion radicals, and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX). Total phenols and total flavonoid levels of PLE and PPLE were 230.0±19.6 ㎎/g and 475.5±38.7 ㎎/g, and 34.8±6.5 ㎎/g and 78.8±3.6 ㎎/g, respectively. DPPH and superoxide radical-scavenging activities (SC50) of the PLE and PPLE were 23.8±3.2 ppm and 10.0±1.3 ppm, and 47.6±3.4 ppm and 22.4±3.3 ppm, respectively. Inhibitory activities (IC50) of PLE and PPLE against 5-LO, COX-1 and COX-2 were 77.1±11.7, 38.6±7.0 ppm, 47.4±7.7, 25.3±6.3 ppm, and 129.5±5.5, 84.5±2.3 ppm, respectively. Moreover, two extracts inhibited dose-dependently NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and also effectively inhibited the cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE antibody in mice. These results suggest that PLE and PPLE may be useful for phytochemical materials for prevention and treatment of radical-mediated pathological and allergy diseases.

The antioxidant and chemopreventive potentialities of Mosidae (Adenophora remotiflora) leaves

Ae-Jung Kim,Myung-Ryun Han,Myung-Hwan Kim,Myoungsook Lee,Taek-Joon Yoon,Sang-Do Ha 한국영양학회 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.4 No.1

Our study focused on the antioxidant activities of Mosidae leaf ethanol extract (MLE) and included measurements of reducing power, total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In order to determine whether or not MLE evidences any chemopreventive activities, experimental lung metastasis was induced via the i.v. inoculation of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells into BALB/c mice. Additionally, we attempted to characterize any possible cytotoxic effects in murine normal splenocytes and tumor cells (B16-BL6 and colon26-M3.1). The total phenolic content and reducing capacity were measured at 39 ㎎/100 ㎖ and 1.24, respectively, whereas the DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of MLE were measured to be 88.89% and 22.10%, respectively. Prophylactic i.v. treatment with MLE resulted in a dose-dependent and significant inhibition of lung metastasis. Specifically, a MLE dose of 200 ㎍ per mouse resulted in an 88.90% inhibition of lung metastasis. For the cytotoxicity assay, MLE doses up to 100 ㎍/㎖ were not shown to affect the growth of normal murine splenocytes. Additionally, the survival of normal cells was not affected at MLE doses below 500 ㎍/㎖. However, MLE doses up to 500 ㎍/㎖ reduced the percentage of tumor cell growth for B16BL6 (67% alive) and colon26-M3.1 (62% alive) cells.

The antioxidant and chemopreventive potentialities of Mosidae (Adenophora remotiflora) leaves

Kim, Ae-Jung,Han, Myung-Ryun,Kim, Myung-Hwan,Lee, Myoung-Sook,Yoon, Taek-Joon,Ha, Sang-Do The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.4

Our study focused on the antioxidant activities of Mosidae leaf ethanol extract (MLE) and included measurements of reducing power, total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In order to determine whether or not MLE evidences any chemopreventive activities, experimental lung metastasis was induced via the i.v. inoculation of colon26-M3.l carcinoma cells into BALB/c mice. Additionally, we attempted to characterize any possible cytotoxic effects in murine normal splenocytes and tumor cells (B16-BL6 and colon26-M3.1). The total phenolic content and reducing capacity were measured at 39 mg/100 mL and 1.24, respectively, whereas the DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of MLE were measured to be 88.89% and 22.10%, respectively. Prophylactic i.v. treatment with MLE resulted in a dose-dependent and significant inhibition of lung metastasis. Specifically, a MLE dose of 200 ug per mouse resulted in an 88.90% inhibition of lung metastasis. For the cytotoxicity assay, MLE doses up to 100 ug/mL were not shown to affect the growth of normal murine splenocytes. Additionally, the survival of normal cells was not affected at MLE doses below 500 ug/mL. However, MLE doses up to 500 ug/mL reduced the percentage of tumor cell growth for B16BL6 (67% alive) and colon26-M3.1 (62% alive) cells.