Is Laughter Therapy Useful in a Health CRISIS?: Meta-Analysis of Laughter Therapy

Wonsook Bak,Kyungja Kim,Yimsun Lee,Hyeyoung Lee,Jeongin Park,Rosa Yoon,Kyuri Lim,Sanghee Kim,임견주,강지숙 J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: This study was to identify the trends of laughter therapy and to analyze the effect size of laughter therapy Method: KISS, KMDB, KERIS and the National Assembly Library was searched for relevant journals by using the following key words ‘laughter treatment’, ‘laughter intervention’ and ‘laughter therapy’. 48 journals were included in this study. Data were analyzed using CMA ver. 2.0 and effect size was calculated by ‘the standardized mean difference Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. 1)The overall effect size of laughter therapy was 0.668. 2)The sub-group effect size were social(0.863), psycho-somatic(0.836), emotional(0.775), psychologi-cal(0.679), physiological(0.464), physical(0.653) by each. 3)As the laughter therapy program, the effect size of only laughing therapy was larger than parallel therapy and the effect size of 4 step program was larger than 3 step program. More program in a week was larger effect size of laughter therapy. Conclusion: It might be useful for this study to review systematic research on laughter therapy in Korean journals. Laughter therapy was also effective therapy for people and develop program based on knowledge from laughter therapy research.

국내 학술지에 나타난 웃음치료 효과에 대한 메타분석

강지숙 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the tends of laughter therapy in Korean journals and to analyze the effect size of laughter therapy in Korean Journals. Methods: KISS, DBPIA, KERIS and the National Assembly Library was searched for relevant journals by using the following key words ‘laughter treatment’, ‘laughter intervention’ and ‘laughter therapy’. 18 journals were included in this study. Data were analyzed using CMA ver 2.0 and effect size was calculated by ‘the standardized mean difference’. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The overall effect size of laughter theray was 0.722. 2) The sub-group effect size were emotional(0.912), psychological(0.735), social(0.643), psycho-somatic(0.600), physiological(0.464), physical(0.389), behavioral(0.275) by each. 3) As the laughter therapy program, the effect size of only laughing therapy was larger than parallel therapy and the effect size of 4 step program was larger than 3 step program. More program in a week was larger effect size of laughter therapy. Conclusion: It might be useful for this study to review systematic research on laughter therapy in Korean journals. Laughter therapy was also effective therapy for people and develop program based on knowledge from laughter therapy research. 본 연구는 웃음치료의 전체 효과크기와 영역별 효과크기 및 웃음치료 프로그램 특성별 효과크기를 확인하여 임상간호현장에서 대상자에게 적용되는 간호중재로써 웃음치료의 근거를 제시하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 한국학술정보, DBPIA(누리미디어), 한국교육학술정보원, 국회전자도서관 검색엔진에서 웃음치료, 웃음중재, 웃음요법을 주제어로 검색된 학술지 논문 중 메타분석이 가능한 18편을 대상으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 웃음치료의 전체 효과크기는 0.722로 매우 컸다. 둘째, 웃음치료의 영역별 효과크기는 정서적(0.912), 정신적(0.735), 사회적(0.643), 신체화(0.600), 생리적(0.464), 신체적(0.389), 행동적(0.275) 영역 순이었다. 셋째, 웃음치료 프로그램 특성에서는 웃음요법이 주요법인 경우(0.644)가 병행요법인 경우(0.438)보다 효과크기가 컸으며, 프로그램 구성에서도 4단계구성(1.923)이 3단계구성(0.720)인 경우보다 효과크기가 컸다. 또한 주당 운영횟수가 많을수록 웃음치료의 효과크기가 컸다. 웃음치료는 전체 효과크기가 매우 크고 특히 정서적 영역, 정신적 영역에 효과크기가 가장 큰 것을 확인하여 간호중재로써 보완대체요법 중 하나인 웃음치료의 효과에 대한 근거를 제시하였다. 또한 웃음치료 프로그램 특성에 대한 효과크기로 웃음치료가 주가 될 때, 주당 운영횟수가 많을수록, 프로그램에서 목적을 분명히 하고 구체적일 때 효과가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 웃음치료에 대한 지속적인 연구로 근거의 축적과 웃음치료 프로그램 운영에 대한 표준화 및 근거제시를 추후연구로 제언한다.

방문웃음요법이 취약계층 노인의 우울과 불면증에 미치는 효과

박은옥 한국지역사회간호학회 2013 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visiting laughter therapy on depression and insomnia in the vulnerable elderly. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The participants were 87 elderly who were registered in the Tailored Visiting Health Program of public health centers. Data were collected from September to November 2010. The experimental group received visiting laughter therapy froma visiting nurse who had taken laughter training provided by laughter therapy experts. The experimental group received 10~15 min of laughter therapy once a week for 8 weeks. The instruments included Geriatric Depression Scale and Insomnia Severity Index to measure depression and sleep problems before and after the laughter therapy. Results: The results showed that visiting laughter therapy was effective in decreasing depression and insomnia among the vulnerable elderly. Conclusion: These findings indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve depression and insomnia Further studies would be needed to identify the difference of effects according to time, interval, or period of visiting laughter therapy and to evaluate the lasting effect of visiting laughter therapy.

The Effects of Laughter-Therapy on Moods and Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Staying at Care Facilities in South Korea

Song, Mi-Suk,Park, Kyung Min,Park, Heeok 노인간호학회 2013 노인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of laughter-therapy on negative mood and life satisfaction in older adults staying in care facilities. Methods: Twenty four individuals from facility G participated in the laughter-therapy group and another 24 from facility J in the usual care group. Eight sessions composed the laughter-therapy in this study and each session lasted 60 minutes. To examine the hypotheses, data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and ANCOVA with the SPSS program version 16.0. Results: Negative mood scores for the laughter-therapy group were lower than those of control group (F=89.99, p<.001). Life satisfaction scores for the laughter-therapy group were higher than those of control group (F=100.68, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that laughter-therapy for older adults staying in care facilities results in an improvement in mood and life satisfaction.

프랑스 고전문학 속의 웃음에 관한 고찰 - 치료적 응용의 관점에서

김익진 한국예술심리치료학회 2009 예술심리치료연구 Vol.5 No.2

The laughter is one of the important elements in the field of the therapy. The effect of the laughter therapy is proved already on the biological plan as well as on the psychological plan. And then, it is necessary to study the laughter on all the aspects. For the first step, we want to show here the meanings of the laughter on the sociological plan in France in 17th century in the literature of that period. In the XVIIth century the laughter becomes suspect to the point that it considers as a roguish intention of the people born pervert, and to the point that it harms the social system and its established value. But, although the laughter is not encouraged in this century, a device of strengthened control of the canonical shrinkage, supported by subtle arguments in the speeches engendering prohibitions and prescriptions create a rational laughter which stresses the individualization and the refusal of the irrational. We eventually facilitate the blooming of representation of the laughter on the literary plan. It is the comedy that asks to spread this laughter which reminds the public under the diverse forms: satire, irony etc parody, comic. Molière, free spirit, integrate all the arguments which can be provoked by the laughter. On the parallel plan, the novel offers to the laughter more explorable fields than the theatre which wants to avoid the border imposed by the social agreement. This new genre was much more free than the noble and traditional genre to investigate subversively in a fictitious world. Cyrano and Scarron use the laughter to begin a research of the new knowledge in many domains. Finally the laughter in the funny literature of the XVIIth century, especially at the free thinkers as Molière, Cyrano and Scarron, works as the means to attack the scaffold of the depreciated system at that time but always retained by the ultra-catholics and the despotic spirits.

The Effects of Laughter-Therapy on Moods and Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Staying at Care Facilities in South Korea

송미숙,박경민,박희옥 한국노인간호학회 2013 노인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of laughter-therapy on negative mood and life satisfaction in older adults staying in care facilities. Methods: Twenty four individuals from facility G participated in the laughter-therapy group and another 24 from facility J in the usual care group. Eight sessions composed the laughter-therapy in this study and each session lasted 60 minutes. To examine the hypotheses, data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and ANCOVA with the SPSS program version 16.0. Results: Negative mood scores for the laughter-therapy group were lower than those of control group (F=89.99, p<.001). Life satisfaction scores for the laughter-therapy group were higher than those of control group (F=100.68, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that laughter-therapy for older adults staying in care facilities results in an improvement in mood and life satisfaction.

Effects of One-session Laughter Therapy on Home Care Workers’ Fatigue, Mood, and Job Satisfaction

Jeong Hyo Seo,Hee Kyung Kim 한국성인간호학회 2021 성인간호학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.8

Aim(s): The social reality is that care workers are working in very poor working conditions due to heavy work, abusive language, overwork, and high-intensity physical working conditions etc. This can cause stress from exhaustion resulting in job dissatisfaction and ultimately inability to immerse in the service provision of long-term care institutions. It is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of laughter therapy by applying mediation to improve the quality of care workers’ services, maintain a positive mood, and improve job satisfaction by relieving fatigue. The purpose of this study is to confirm the effects of one-session laughter therapy on fatigue, mood, and job satisfaction of care workers. Method(s): The research design is This quasi-experimental study of nonequivalence control group design. The participants of the study were 74 care workers who have been working for more than a year at a welfare center for the elderly in an undisclosed special self-governing city and another city in Chungnam province. In total, 37 participants were in the experimental group and the other 37 were in the control group. One-session laughter therapy was conducted with the experimental group for 60 minutes, and the effects of the therapy were compared by measuring fatigue, mood, and job satisfaction of the experimental group before and after the therapy. Result(s): There was a statistically significant difference in the mood of care workers between the two groups (t=-2.33, p=.023). There was no significant difference in the fatigue (t=-1.10, p=.276) and job satisfaction (t=1.06, p=.293) level of care workers between the two groups. Conclusion(s): Laughter therapy has been shown to be effective at a statistically significant level in the mood of care workers, so it is recommended to use laughter therapy to help care workers' feel. However, repetitive studies are recommended because differences between experimental and control groups were not significant in fatigue and job satisfaction. Meanwhile, laughter therapy had a problem that it was not easy to recruit subjects because it was conducted at a time when social distancing was recommended due to Covid-19. Therefore, there is a limitation that it is provided as a one-off. According to a prior study, it is suggested that it is effective when repeated for more than six, so an experimental study is proposed to test the effects of fatigue, mood and job satisfaction by applying repeated laughter treatment to nursing care workers.

성석제의 소설에 나타난 웃음의 기제와 문학치료학

전흥남(Jeon, Heung-nam) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.54

문학치료는 정상적인 심리상태를 지니지 못한 사람을 문학작품을 통하여 정상적인 심리상태로 돌려놓고자 하는 일종의 심리치료라고 할 수 있다. 문학치료는 기본적으로 문학작품을 감상할 수 있고, 자신의 의사를 말이나 글로 표현할 수 있는 사람을 대상으로 한다. 따라서 심각한 정신질환을 앓고 있는 사람은 현실적으로 치료가 불가능하거나 제한적이다. 문학 치료는 정신과 의사들의 치료방법이나 대상과도 일정한 차이를 지닐 수 밖에 없다. 이러한 맥락에서 본고는 문학치료학의 관점의 적용과 그 가능성의 탐색을 위한 시론적(試論的) 입장에서 성석제 소설에 나타난 웃음의 기제를 적용하는 데 주안점을 두고 출발했다. 성석제의 소설은 해학적인 상황이나 웃음을 유발하는 장면이 많다는 점에서 문학치료학 텍스트로서 보탬이 될 것으로 보았다. 또한, 웃음의 기제가 문학치료학에서 독점적으로 치료적 기능에 보탬이 되는 것은 아니지만, 작중인물과의 동일시 효과 및 정서적 공감의 확산에 기여하는 측면에 주목한 것이기도 하다. 문학치료학적 관점의 연구는 인문학의 영역의 확산 및 학제적 연구 그리고 인문학의 위기 타개와 관련해서 좋은 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대되는 만큼 이와 관련된 연구자의 관심이 기대된다. 다만, 문학치료학적 관점의 적용은 제한적인 측면도 지닌다. 문학이 대체로 구체적 귀결점을 남기지 않는다는 사실은 문학의 가능성이기도 하지만, 특히 치료적 관점에서 볼 때 약점으로 작용하는 측면도 있기 때문이다. 따라서 문학의 하부구조를 이루고 있는 감정이나 인지를 연구함으로써 문학연구에 실용적인 전환점을 만드는 것이 필요하다고 본다. 본고 역시 아직은 문학치료학적 관점의 적용의 가능성을 검토하는 가설단계에 머물러 있다. 문학치료학적 관점의 적용 및 효용을 입증할 수 있는 개연성을 획득해 나가야 하는 과제가 주어진 셈이다. 이것은 앞으로의 과제로 남겨둔다. Literary therapy is a kind of psychotherapy in a sense that it intends to help people out of normal state of mind regain normal mentality through literary works. Literary therapy is for people who are able to appreciate literary works and express their opinions at the very least. Therefore, it can be restricted or impossible for people with severe mental disease. It is also different from methods used by psychiatrists and their subjects to some extent. In this context, I focused on applying the mechanisms and effects of laughter found in Seong Seok-jae’s novels in order to apply the perspective of literary therapy and find its possibility from a preliminary standpoint. I considered the mechanisms and effects of laughter in his novels acceptable as texts of literary therapy. However, it should be noted that this study is at the preliminary stage of only examining the possibility of applying the perspective of literary therapy. There needs to be further studies on confirming its possibility of appliance and effects. Moreover, it should also be noted that the appliance of the perspective of literary therapy can be restrictive. The fact that literature tends to be inconclusive works as a disadvantage regarding the perspective of literary therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a practical turning-point for the literature studies by probing the emotion or cognition that lie under the literary works. In the meantime, this study on the perspective of literary therapy is expected to shed some light on issues regarding the expansion and interdisciplinary studies of humanities, and ways of breaking the crisis of humanities.

Analysis of Laughter Therapy Trend Using Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling

이도영 한국웰빙융합학회 2022 웰빙융합연구 Vol.5 No.4

Purpose: This study aims to understand the trend and central concept of domestic researches on laughter therapy. For the analysis, this study used total 72 theses verified by inputting the keyword ‘laughter therapy’ from 2007 to 2021. Research design, data and methodology: This study performed the development and analysis of keyword co-occurrence network, analyzed the types of researches through topic modeling, and verified the visualized word cloud and sociogram. The keyword data that was cleaned through preprocessing, was analyzed in the method of centrality analysis and topic modeling through the 1-mode matrix conversion process by using the NetMiner (version 4.4) Program. Results: The keywords that most appeared for last 14 years were laughter therapy, depression, the elderly, and stress. The five topics analyzed in thesis data from 2007 to 2021 were therapy, cognitive behavior, quality of life, stress, and the elderly. Conclusions: This study understood the flow and trend of research topics of domestic laughter therapy for last 14 years, and there should be continuous researches on laughter therapy, which reflects the flow of time in the future.

웃음치료 프로그램이 예비간호사의 자기효능감, 자아존중감에 미치는 효과

임은정(Eun-Jung LIM) 한국상담심리교육복지학회 2020 상담심리교육복지 Vol.7 No.4

본 연구는 웃음치료 프로그램이 예비간호사의 자기효능감과 자아존중감에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 2019년 6월 28일 예비간호사 14명에게 웃음치료 프로그램 1회 120분을 적용하여 생리적 수준과 심리적 수준을 측정했다. 본 연구를 시작하기 전, 연구의 윤리적 고려를 위해 기관생명윤리위원회의 심의를 거쳐 승인을 받은 후 연구를 시작하였다. 본 연구 결과, 생리적 수준의 하위영역으로 수축기 혈압이 감소하고, 심리적 수준의 하위영역으로 임상현장에 대한 두려움이 감소되었으나 자기효능감과 자아존중감은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 하지만 웃음치료 프로그램 중재 전과 후의 자기효능감와 자아존중감 평균 점수는 상승하였다. 이에 본 연구는 예비간호사에게 개발한 웃음치료 프로그램을 적용하여 이직의도를 낮추고 직무만족을 높이기 위한 방안의 하나로 예비간호사의 자기효능감와 자아존중감 향상 및 스트레스를 감소시키는 효과적인 간호중재 프로그램으로 활동될 수 있는 근거를 제공하였다. This report investigates the effects of laughter therapy on self-efficacy and self-esteem in preliminary nurses. On Jun 28, 2019, 14 prospective nurses were applied 120 minutes a time of laughter therapy program to measure their physiological and psychological levels. Before starting this research, the research was started after obtaining approval after deliberation by the Institutional review board for ethical consideration of the research. As a result of this study, systolic blood pressure was reduced to the physiological level sub-region, and fear of job was reduced to the psychological level sub-region, but self-efficacy and self-esteem were not statistically significant. However, the average score of self-efficacy and self-esteem before and after the laughter therapy increased. Thus, this research provided a basis for working as an effective nursing interventions program to improve self-efficacy, self-esteem, and stress reduction of preliminary nurses as part of a plan to reduce job satisfaction and reduce job turnover of preliminary nurses through the developed laughter therapy.