소년분류심사원의 운영실태 및 인식분석을 통한 역할강화방안

이승현,박 성 훈 한국소년정책학회 2016 少年保護硏究 Vol.29 No.4

The Juvenile Classification Review Center play the role that help to accurately diagnose the causes of juvenile delinquency in its early stages and provides the right treatment appropriate for the characteristics of individual juveniles. However, currently there is only 1 the Juvenile Classification Review Center and 6 proxy juvenile detention institutions in South Korea. Under the circumstance, such institutions are severely overcrowded with juvenile delinquents. As the number of juveniles in such institutions increases continuously with the establishment of competent courts, overcrowding gets more severe, worsening negative aspects such as human rights infringement and learning crimes. Under the current situation, there is a need to analyze the status of the current operation of the Juvenile Classification Review Center, its role and function, and examine the measures that the Juvenile Classification Review Center needs to take to accurately diagnose juvenile delinquents and to decide on their treatment. In order to strengthen the role of the Juvenile Classification Review Center it is necessary not only to establish more the Juvenile Classification Review Center by the unit of metropolitan city but also to make small the current facilities of the classification review board and to abolish the classification review function of the proxy juvenile detention institutions. Considering negative side effects, classification review of young juveniles through detention should be limited as much as possible. Behavior observation and environment inspection should be the priority for the purpose of specializing classification review. And there is a need to remove transport of delinquents and night duty from the duty list of classification review officers to improve their work environment. They should be given ample office hours to diagnose misconducts and prepare classification review reports. There is also a need to develop specialized education programs to prevent delinquency especially those detained at the institutions in their beginning stage of delinquency. Regarding legislative improvements, there is a need for special budgeting and treatment of those subject to classification review through a separate legislation. In addition, for a specialized misconduct diagnose, the minimum number of juvenile delinquents should be detained. To minimize human rights violations, the criteria to extend detention period should be stipulated in related laws, and legal grounds should be prepared to more strictly apply the causes for detention. Procedural rules to raise objections to classification review processes should be laid down to let delinquents themselves and their parents to make appeals. There should be separate provisions in related laws for treatment of those juveniles in the proxy institutions, aside from treatment for juveniles in average juvenile detention centers.

소년분류심사제도의 운영실태와 발전방향

정해룡 ( Hae-ryong Chung ) 한국소년정책학회 2003 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.5

This study aims to take a look at the operation of the juvenile classification review system in Korea and seeks methods of desirable development for prevention of youth misconduct and recurrence. In Korea, the Seoul Juvenile Classification Review Board first began in 1977, and it was followed by 5 additional institutions established in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejeon and Gwangiu, as it stands in the present. In addition, the juvenile correctional institution has been undertaking the works of the Juvenile Classification Office in Jeonju, Cheongju, Chuncheon and Jeju. At 3 locations with regional district courts, Incheon, Suwon and Changwon, where juvenile correctional institutions have not been established, the commissioned accommodation amangement and classification review works for juveniles is performed at the Seoul Juvenile Classification Office for Incheon and Suwon, and the Busan Juvenile Classification Office for Changwon. The Juvenile Classification Office is commissioned to protect juvenile criminals, underage juveniles, and crime watch juveniles of 12 to 20 years of age who are entrusted by the juvenile division of a family court or regional district court. Its role is to clearly assess the personality of the subject juveniles scientifically based on psychology, education and psychological medicine and method of the treatment and instruction, while providing the necessary information needed for investigative inquiry into the juvenile division of a family court or regional district court. It further provides instructive information to the enforcement agency of protective disposition, the correctional institution for juveniles, protection monitoring office or guardian of commissioned juveniles, as well as providing the treatment service and education for the subject juveniles, and prevents unlawful misconduct of abiding youth in the community. Looking at the recent status of 5 years of youth crime, there is an average of approximately 143,000 criminal juveniles, and the number of juveniles received at the juvenile protection facilities reached approximately 37,000 persons. In the national institutions that are equipped with professional treatment systems like the Juvenile Classification Office, the youths who have been treated for causes of problems or educational service number only about 7,000 persons. Therefore, most juvenile criminals who are sent to the Juvenile Division under a non-restraint condition return to their guardians without any special treatment or building up of a proper environment, and are again exposed to the former destructive environment, leading to committing further crimes. Therefore, in order to prevent recurrent juvenile misconduct, it is important to accurately clarify the cause of juvenile misconduct at an appropriate time along with the building up of an environment and education for support. And for such purposes, active utilization of the juvenile classification review system is needed. The conversion of the Juvenile Classification Office into an open system is currently in the works, and the needs to expand the functions during the course of innovating organizational management has emerged. The following is the direction of development for the juvenile classification review system: First, it may be necessary to introduce and implement the Protected Juvenile Counseling Investigation System. This system is where, after having the juvenile sent to the classification office within the shortest period of time as a method of taking daily attendance and not as a commitment, the juvenile returns home after having undergone a comprehensive examination for the clarification of the cause of misconduct through individual consultation with the classification officer, examination inspection, and others, and small-sized branch offices of the Juvenile Classification Office have been established nationwide to provide user-oriented administrative services. Second, it is desirable for the classification officer who examined the juvenile criminal’s tendencies and the environment where the misconduct occurred must participate in the course of the juvenile case examination and testify with the permission of the court as to his/her opinion - the Classification Officer Examination Participation System. Third, there is a need to improve the juvenile judiciary procedure to duly realize the human rights protection of juveniles and the ideology of the Juvenile Act by separately establishing a temporary court in the Juvenile Classification Office and introducing the "circuit justice system”, where the judges of the Juvenile Division of the Court visit the Juvenile Classification Office and examine the commissioned juvenile. Fourth, in order to prevent youth misconduct in the community, the functions, such as a regular organization of youth aptitude testing office and others, must be expanded, and its role as the short-term commissioned educational institution for students who are unable to adapt to the general school system and the expansion of special education on people subject for stay of prosecution must be strengthened. For this purpose, the Juvenile Classification Office needs to build up the environment to provide an open-style administrative service along with structuring of the classification review system. In addition,a system for timely intervention of the juvenile under crime watch, notification to the principal and others, be activated to supplement the problem youth processing system in school, and in response to diversification of disposition types, heightening the efficacy of protection disposition, rearranging pertinent laws and regulations, including the Juvenile Act and others, must follow.

소년분류심사에 관한 문제점과 개선방안

문영희 ( Young Hee Moon ) 한국법정책학회 2011 법과 정책연구 Vol.11 No.3

요즈음 각종 매스컴을 장식하고 있는 소년범죄가 심각한 우리사회의 문제로 대두되고 있으며, 특히, 소년범의 재범율이 높은 것으로 나타남에 따라 현재 소년원 등의 수용시설에서 소년들의 사회복귀를 돕기 위해 행하여지고 있는 다양한 처우들이 이러한 취지에 맞추어 제대로 운용되고 있는지에 대하여 의문이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 소년수용자들에 대한 개별처우가 실효성을 갖추고 있지 못한 것은, 그 전 절차로서 행하여지는 분류심사에 의한 소년에 대한 분류가 적절하게 이루어지고 있지 않는 것에도 큰 이유가 있다. 이에 본고에서는 보호소년의 소년분류심사에 관한 현행법 체계에 대하여 개관한 후, 소년분류심사의 문제점을 살펴보고, 그 개선방안에 대하여 알아보았다. 오늘날 교정처우는 각 개인의 범죄원인과 인격 형성과정을 과학적으로 분석하여 범죄의 확산을 방지하기 위한 합리적인 처우방안을 제시하고, 개별처우의 기준 마련 및 교정시설의 범죄학교화를 방지하는 가장 기본적이고 핵심적인 제도로써 교정교화기능의 일환으로 자리매김하고 있다. 그 중에서도 소년분류심사제도는 소년범죄의 예방과 소년사범의 개선이라고 하는 두 가지 가능성에 착안하여 그 범죄 원인을 규명하고 대상소년의 특성에 맞는 개별 지도와 처우지침을 제시하기 위해 발전된 것으로써 그 중요성과 비중이 점차 확대되어 가는 추세이다. 그러나 현행 소년분류심사제도를 심층적으로 분석해 보면 아직도 형식적 운영에 그치고 있는 것은 아닌가 하는 의심을 갖게 된다. 우리나라에서도 소년형사범에 대한 보호처분을 다양화하고(소년법 제32조), 보호소년처우법에서 소년원수용자들의 처우와 교정교화를 위해 선진적인 제도들을 도입하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 것들은 모두 대상소년의 특성에 대한 정확한 분석이 전제되지 않는다면 그 실효성을 기대하기 어려울 것이므로 소년분류심사에 대한 중요성을 재차 각인하고, 이에 대한 보다 심층적인 연구와 그 개선을 위한 노력이 요구된다. Recently, criminals` mental properties are becoming more and more of a major issue, due to the increasing number of crimes with unclear motive and target, which are aimed at unspecified individuals. Hence, the usefulness of the evaluation for classification which presents general comprehension about each individual prisoner is now more than ever, the main center of attention. Particularly, the purpose of classification of juvenile prisoners is not to distinguish between the juvenile delinquents and adult criminals for placing emphasis on the facts constituting an offence. Rather, it is to find the antisocial personality and environment which are behind the facts constituting a crime, and to establish the educational and protective measures about that, for pursuing the sound promotion of the juvenile. Today, correctional program is now becoming one of the functions of correction and reformation. It is doing so, as the most fundamental and core system that scientifically analyzes the cause of crime of each individual, and formation process of the personality. It does this in order to present reasonable treatment measures for prevention of the spread of crime. It establishes the standard of individual treatment, and prevents the correctional institute from becoming a crime school. Among them, evaluation system for juvenile classification is an advanced system, which inquests into the reason for the possibilities of prevention and improvement. It presents individual instruction and treatment directions appropriate for each property, and the importance and weight of the system has been gradually being enlarged. To follow this tendency, it is most adequate under the current legislative system which systematically strengthens itself through establishing more detailed regulations about evaluation for juvenile classification than past models. However, from the results of thorough analysis of current evaluation system for juvenile classification, it is truly doubtful that we have overcome the typical perfunctory classification. It is generally said that youths are our future, however we relatively put less attention on prevention of increasing juvenile crimes and treatment for juvenile criminals. Although we have been diversifying the treatments for juvenile crimes and under the Act of treatment for youth in custody, we also have been introducing advanced systems for the treatment, correction and reformation of youths put into juvenile reformatory, but it is difficult to expect its effectiveness, unless the precise analysis for the properties of these juvenile objects has been performed. According to these points, more in-depth study and effort for improvement are obviously required through recognizing once more the importance of evaluation for juvenile classification that combines the analyses and diagnoses not only for their general individual qualities such as characters and properties of behaviors, abilities and desires but also for the environmental properties surrounding them such as family, school and society and presents the reasonable treatment measures.

우리 소년분류심사원 감호제도의 문제점 및 개선방안: 국제법상 아동의 자유 박탈에 관한 기본 원칙들을 중심으로

장민영 ( Min Young Jang ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2014 홍익법학 Vol.15 No.1

International human rights law regarding juvenile justice emphasizes that deprivation of children`s liberty has a very negative effect on children`s harmonious development and requires that states parties take appropriate measures to strictly regulate deprivation of children`s liberty. International human rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, provide the basic principles of deprivation of children`s liberty: prohibition of unlawful or arbitrary deprivation of children`s liberty, detention of children only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, and humane treatment of children deprived of their liberty. To effectively implement the basic principles, international human rights law of juvenile justice requires state parties to enact standards to decide pretrial detention of children in conflict with the law, to protect the right to appeal and the right to have a legal or other appropriate assistance to the children under pretrial detention, to set up time-lines for the right to appeal, and to establish a professional and impartial body to regularly monitor detention facilities and treatment of detained juveniles. Unfortunately, the Korean juvenile justice system fails to comply with the international human rights standards of juvenile justice. The basic principles which the international human rights law has confirmed has not been implemented by Korean laws and practices of detention in Juvenile Classification Review Boards. The standards to decide whether juveniles are detained in Juvenile Classification Review Boards are not legally provided. Korean legislation does not protect the right to appeal for the juveniles detained in Juvenile Classification Review Boards. The rate of detention in Juvenile Classification Review Boards is higher than the rate of pretrial detention regarding regular criminal cases and juvenile criminal cases. What is worse, considerable numbers of juvenile who had been detained in Juvenile Classification Review Boards answered that they had experienced serious human rights violations during their detention. However, the Korean juvenile justice system does not run a monitoring system for humane treatment of the detained juveniles and, therefore, it is not possible to understand the exact situation regarding inhuman treatment of the detained juveniles. Accordingly, this article asserts that Korean legislation should clearly provide the above-mentioned three basic principles of deprivation of children`s liberty: the principle to ban unlawful or arbitrary deprivation of children`s liberty, the principle to use deprivation of children`s liberty only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period time, and the principle to protect humane treatment of the children deprived of their liberty. To practically implement these principles, this article requests the enactment of standards to decide detention in Juvenile Classification Review Boards, the protection of the right to appeal with regard to detention in Juvenile Classification Review Boards, the respect of the right to have a legal or appropriate assistance with regard to the right to appeal, the setting-up of time-lines for the right to appeal, and the establishment of a monitoring system to regularly examine Juvenile Classification Review Boards and juveniles detained in Juvenile Classification Review Boards.

일본 소년감별소법 제정을 통해 본 소년분류심사원 관련법률의 개정방향

이승현 아시아교정포럼 2016 교정담론 Vol.10 No.3

한국의 소년분류심사원에 관한 규정은 「보호소년 등의 처우에 관한 법률」에서 ‘보호소년 등’이라는 표현 하에 소년원 수용소년과 소년분류심사원의 위탁소년이 함께 규율되는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 현재의 소년분류심사는 수용소년과 위탁소년을 분리하지 않고 동일하게 처우함으로 인해 위탁소년에 대한 인권보장을 철저히 하지 않고 있고, 인권침해의 법적 근거가 미약한 상태에서 운영될 경우 분류심사단계에서의 조사와 진단에 대한 신뢰가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라, 구금으로 인한 부정적 영향을 끼칠 가능성이 존재한다. 최근 일본의 소년감별소법 제정과 소년원법 개정내용에 대한 분석을 통해 한국의 소년분류심사원 관련규정의 개정방향을 파악할 수 있다. 소년분류심사원에서의 처우는 일정기간 수용을 전제로 한다는 점에서 소년원 처우와 유사할 수 있으나 소년분류심사원에서의 처우는 처분 결정 전의 처우라는 점에서 소년원 처우보다 자유 제한에 있어서 보다 자유로워야 하고, 제한에 있어서 법적 근거가 명확해야 한다. 소년분류심사원이 독자적 예산과 운영상황을 확보하기 위해서, 구금상태에서의 최대한 인권보장을 위해서 위탁소년의 처우에 관한 규정은 별도로 마련되어야 한다. 처우에 관한 사항은 별도의 독자적 법률을 두어야 하고, 만일 국내여건상 별도 법률 제정이 어렵다면, 적어도 현행 「보호소년 등의 처우에 관한 법률」에서 장을 분리하여 위탁소년과 수용소년의 처우를 분리하여 규정할 필요가 있다. 위탁소년의 인권을 보다 강화하기 위해서는 입소시 당사자에 대한 고지의무, 학습기회의 제공의무, 보건위생 및 진료, 외부교통 등에 대한 규정이 보다 명확해야 한다. 또한 현행법에서 제외되어 있는 위탁에 대한 이의제기 통로 마련에 대한 규정 신설, 위탁연장 사유의 구체화, 위탁사유의 법률 규정화 등도 고려할 필요가 있다. The Juvenile Classification Review Center helps to accurately diagnose the causes of juvenile delinquency in its early stages and provides the right treatment appropriate for the characteristics of individual juveniles. However, currently there is only 1 the Juvenile Classification Review Center in South Korea and 6 proxy juvenile detention institutions. Under the circumstance, such institutions are severely overcrowded with juvenile delinquents. As the number of juveniles in such institutions increases continuously with the establishment of competent courts, overcrowding gets more severe, worsening negative aspects such as human rights infringement and learning crimes. Japan legislated the Act of the Juvenile Classification Review Center in 2014. This law separate the treatment in Juvenile Detention Center and the Juvenile Classification Review Center. Compared to the Japanese law, the Act of the Juvenile Classification Review Center should be handled Medical care, care and custody, visit, letter and telephone calls and so forth in the Juvenile Classification Review Center of the juvenile under detention in detail. Regarding legislative improvements, there is a need for special budgeting and treatment of those subject to classification review through a separate legislation, for example, of the Act on the Juvenile Classification Review Center. In addition, for a specialized misconduct diagnose, the minimum number of juvenile delinquents should be detained. To minimize human rights violations, the criteria to extend detention period should be stipulated in related laws, and legal grounds should be prepared to more strictly apply the causes for detention. Procedural rules to raise objections to classification review processes should be laid down to let delinquents themselves and their parents to make appeals. There should be separate provisions in related laws for treatment of those juveniles in the proxy institutions, aside from treatment for juveniles in average juvenile detention centers.

소년수용시설 과밀화에 따른 정신질환 소년범죄자 처우 개선에 관한 연구

유영재 한국범죄심리학회 2020 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.16 No.4

As the number of juveniles who suffer from mental illness within the Juvenile Reformatory and the Juvenile Classification Review Center increases, it is becoming increasingly more important to devise better treatment. Especially, experts who work for detention protection facilities stated that more juveniles than are included in the official number of the mentally ill suffer from mental illness, and that a more realistic percentage would be as high as 50% of the juveniles detained. Although reformatories are hiring clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in order to treat the increasing number of mentally ill juveniles, at the national level there is no balanced increase in the number of such personnel due to problems with compensation standards, etc., and this imbalance is leading to an imbalance in the treatment of mentally ill juveniles. There is a strong need to increase the number of medical reformatories, whose number is currently absolutely insufficient. But doing so is an unlikely solution, as there will be great difficulty securing land for them because of the large investment required and the public’s distaste of them. Therefore, plans to increase the hiring of medical experts in juvenile detention protection facilities and to connect them to outside mental treatment facilities were examined. Also, The Juvenile Classification Review Center is the place to expertly diagnose delinquency and evaluate classification for individual treatment, so accurate diagnosis and classification evaluation are difficult to perform in the current assignment of large populations to 1 Juvenile Classification Review Center and 6 Proxy Juvenile Reformatories. Therefore, in order for classification review to perform its proper role, at least 1 Juvenile Classification Review Center per metropolitan city must be built, and each Juvenile Classification Review Center must be charged with only 30-40 juveniles. 소년원과 소년분류심사원 내에 정신질환을 앓고 있는 소년들의 비율이 점차 늘어감에 따라 정신질환자 처우 개선의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 특히 수용보호처분 기관에서 근무하고 있는 전문가들은 정신질환자 비율에 대해 통계에 집계되고 있는 수치보다 실제는 더 많은 소년들이 정신질환을 앓고 있다고 답했으며, 그 수치는 수용되어있는 소년의 50%에 달한다고 응답하였다. 증가하는 정신질환 소년의 처우를 위해 각 소년원마다 임상심리사와 정신과 전문의를 채용하고 있지만, 이는 보수기준 등의 문제로 전국 단위로 일관성 있게 채용이 이루어지지 못하고 있어 기관별 정신질환 소년원생 처우의 불균형을 낳고 있어 적극적인 치료는 어려운 형편이다. 정신질환 소년의 처우 개선을 위해서는 현재 절대적으로 부족한 의료소년원을 증설해야한다. 하지만 소년원 증설은 막대한 비용의 투입이 필요하고, 시민들에게 혐오시설로 인식되기 때문에 부지 선정에도 많은 곤란을 겪게 되어 현실 가능성이 현저히 낮은 대안이다. 따라서 소년 수용보호처분 시설에 의료전문인의 채용을 늘리는 방안과 외부 신경정신과 시설과 연계하는 방안을 살펴보았다. 또한 소년분류심사원은 소년의 개별적 처우를 위해 전문적 비행진단과 분류심사를 하는 곳이므로 지금처럼 1개의 소년분류심사원과 6개의 대행소년원에서 대규모 인원을 수용할 경우 비행소년에 대한 정확한 진단과 분류심사가 어렵게 된다. 따라서 분류심사가 그 기능을 충분히 할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 소년분류심사원을 최소한 광역단위별로 1개씩 설치할 필요가 있고, 심사원의 규모를 30-40명의 소규모 기관으로 전환해서 분류심사원의 전문성을 높이는 방안 등을 제시하였다.

소년범죄자의 사회복귀지원에 관한 검토-일본 소년원법과 소년감별소법을 중심으로-

배상균 한국소년정책학회 2018 少年保護硏究 Vol.31 No.1

In recent years, juvenile offenses have been decreasing in Korea and Japan, but the recidivism rate is high enough to reach about 40%. The government of Japan is systematically advancing the preventing recidivism against juvenile offenders as the main policy task. In connection with this, in June 2014 the new Juvenile Training Schools Act (Act No. 58 of 2014) and the Juvenile Classification Homes Act (Act No. 59 of 2014) were enacted, and through this, we are promoting smooth social rehabilitation support to a juvenile. The preventing recidivism matters have been conducted under these new laws: For example, (i) to conduct assessment of juveniles based on professional knowledge and skills, (ii) to conduct observation and protection of juvenile committed to the homes for their sound development, and (iii) to provide support within the local community to prevent juvenile delinquency and crime. In this way, Japan has strengthened its treatment to support the smooth rehabilitation of juveniles through the establishment of the new Juvenile Training Schools Act and the Juvenile Classification Homes Act. Also, recent trends in juvenile policy in Japan are not only treatments that respect juvenile's intent and personality, but also, for the purpose of supporting smooth rehabilitation, securing housing for juveniles and finding employment. This is based on the result of investigating how securing of housing and finding employment affect the decline of the recidivism rate in juveniles. .

신 소년법상 보호처분의 문제점과 개선방안

박영규 한국소년정책학회 2011 少年保護硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The New Revised Juvenile Act introduces several important provision for juvenile offenders. For example, this is Recommendation toward Reconciliation as one of the Protective Disposition. Although in the New Law is not explicitly mentioned "restorative justice", it is reflected in the recognition of restorative justice,through the provision of "recommendation toward reconciliation"functions. Juveniles should be the target of protection rather than punishment even if they commit a crime, because they are an immature being and are easy to be influenced by environment. New Rrevised Juvenile Law was revised in Korea and created provisions to strengthen human rights for juvenile. The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole has been carried out, based on lots of laws and regulations. The recent amendment of Juvenile law will cause a lot of changes for The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole since they are mainly based on Juvenile law. There are neverthless some challenges to be resolved in order to operate these new systems. First, In the investigation system before prosecutors' judgement,the objectivity of evaluation instruments should be maintained so that the investigation may be done objectively. Second, the purpose of The Protective Disposition has to prevent juveniles in the early stage of delinquency from committing recidivism through offering the open treatment based on character-building education. Third, The Training Programs should be developed in order to enhance expertise of the Juvenile Prosecutor, Juvenile Judge and Juvenile Investigator. Forth, To solve these problems, specialized organizations for juvenile delinquent such as Department of Justice should appoint certain private facilities so that the facilities should be intensively managed and supervised. This study suggest the alternatives to improve the effectiveness of the Protective Disposition. The perception of the disposition should be reshaped to impose proper measures on juveniles who is in early stage of delinquency.

개정 소년법상 검사의 결정전 조사제도의 개선방안

박영규 한국교정학회 2012 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.57

The New Revised Juvenile Act introduces several important provision for juvenile offenders. they are the Protective Disposition(1 month, short time and long time in Juvenile Training School), Recommendation toward Reconciliation, the Investigation System before prosecutors judgement, The Training Programs etc. Juveniles should be the target of protection rather than punishment even if they commit a crime, because they are an immature being and are easy to be influenced by environment. New Rrevised Juvenile Law was revised in Korea and created provisions to strengthen human rights for juvenile. The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole has been carried out, based on lots of laws and regulations. The recent amendment of Juvenile law will cause a lot of changes for The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole since they are mainly based on Juvenile law. There are neverthless some challenges to be resolved in order to operate these new systems. One of them is that which, the investigation system before prosecutors' judgement, objectivity should be maintained so that the investigation may be done objectively. The reformed Juvenile Act in 2007 has induced the Prosecuter re-determination Investigation System as complementary measures to the Prosecuter priority. Prosecuter can demand an Investigation on a suspected juvenile to the special investgaton organization before dtermination in juvenile justice by this system. This study suggess measures to improve the effectiveness of the newly established system, to promote the Prosecuter re-determination Investigation and increase utilization of investigation results in juvenile justice procedure, to develope the standard risk assesment tool because there are too kinds of investication organization, and arrangement of common articles about the proscuter pre determination investication and the investication in juvenile protection procedure in Juvenile Act. The purpose of the investigation system before prosecutors' judgement is to prevent juveniles in the early stage of delinquency from committing recidivism through offering the open treatment based on character-building education. At the sametime, to solve these problems, specialized organizations for juvenile delinquent such as Department of Justice should arrange certain private facilities so that the facilities should be intensively managed and supervised(because, no rule and standard is made to deal with young people. 소년사법체계에서는 검사선의주의를 유지하는 것이 보다 타당하다는 입장이 반영되어 개정 소년법에서도 기존의 검사선의주의를 유지하는 것으로 규정하였다. 하지만 현행 검사선의주의를 그대로 유지할 경우 수사단계에서 소년사건을 적정하게 처리하기 위한 소년의 품행 및 환경조사가 미흡할 수 있다는 지적이 있었다. 이에 따라 신 소년법은 검사가 소년사건을 처리할 때에 분류심사관, 보호관찰관 등 전문가가 조사한 소년의 품행·환경 등 분석자료를 토대로 사건을 처리하도록 하는 「검사의 결정전 조사제도」를 도입하였다. 그러나 다음과 같은 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 1, 검사의 재량에 대한 합리성보장검사의 재량에 위탁하는「임의적 규정」 대신에「필요적· 강제적 조항」으로 전환하여야 한다는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 그러나「검사의 결정전 조사」는 현재와 같이 임의규정을 유지하면서, 이의 보완책으로서 인력의 증원 및 조사담당기관의 전문성을 제고하는 것이 현실적이다. 2. 요보호성조사와 소년의 인권비행사실이 확정되기 전에 소년의 사생활에 관련되는 보호필요성을 조사하는 것은 인권침해가 될 수 있으므로, 비행사실 인정단계와 요보호성 조사단계로 구분하여 비행사실이 인정된 후에 요보호성조사가 진행되어야 한다. 3. 조사대상의 문제와 조사담당기관의 일원화모든 소년범에 대한 조사를 하는 것이 바람직하나 어느 정도 범위를 한정하는 것이 합리적이며 또 현실적이다. 그리고 「검사의 결정전 조사」의 담당기관은 이원화되어 있는 데, 표준화된 위험평가도구를 개발함과 동시에 조사와 관련된 모든 기관이 참여하는 협의체를 구성하여야 한다. 4. 재범위험성기준검사가 처분을 결정할 경우 검사 상호간의 상이한 기준이 적용되고 있으며 조사관의 조사의견에도 상이한 사항을 고려하고 있는 형편이다. 따라서 재범위험성기준에 대한 신뢰도와 예측의 정확성을 높이기 위해서는 소년범의 범죄유형별로 재범위험성 평가도구를 세분하여 제작할 필요가 있다. 5. 총칙조항의 신설보호사건과 형사사건에서의 조사에 공통적으로 적용될 수 있는 조사의 방침이나 인권존중․비밀엄수 등에 관한 규정은 총칙에서 일괄적으로 규정하여야 한다. 6. 검사선의주의와 「검사의 결정전 조사제도」검사의 결정전 조사제도」의 도입으로 검사선의주의는 더욱 강력하여 졌다. 소년법의 이념을 구현하기 위하여서는 선의권행사의 합리성보장을 위한 장치가 필요한 바, 검사선의주의를 채택한 현행법하에서는 소년전담검사제를 도입하는 등 제도의 도입이 필요하다. 7. 전문화된 조사관의 확보현재 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률」에 보호관찰관의 자격요건에 관한 규정을 두고 있으나, 실제 채용에는 특별한 제한을 두고 있지 않고 있다. 전문화된 조사관의 확보를 위하여 금후 심도있는 연구가 요망된다.

소년분류심사원의 위탁소년 수용처우모형의 이념과 현실

조준현 한국소년정책학회 2003 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.5

I attempt in this thesis to study, how the better model of pre-disposition inquiry for juvenile delinquent should be, according to article 24 - 27 of The Detention Center for Juvenile Act. It is much difficult problem, how juvenile can be classified, who should be corrected in those facility. which is main and most harsh type of facility for juvenile. If the accused person is found to have committed the charged offence, the public prosecutor will declare the minor a ward of the juvenile court. Juvenile court can amke various orders, such as temporary probation under juvenile classification officer. Juvenile Classification Officer, oredred by court, can make recommand report(social inquiry report), which serves to decide if a case should ahead for protection - disposition, release the youth to the parents with a warning or reprimand, release the youth on the condition that he or she enroll in a community diversion program or be placed on probation. Intake process, enforced by Juvenile Classification Office (JCO) must reflect the basic rehabilitative philosophy. Juveniles must be treated with consideration in order to build their respect for authority. Only well trained person can try to understand the juvenlle's reasoning. Officer must overcome counterproductive attitude against the juvenile. Then court must respect the officer's report, clssification must achieve its funnel role, selecting role and juvenile- protect phiolosophy instead of juvenile - punish philosophy.