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- 주제어 : journalists’ code of ethics (검색결과 3 건)
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언론인의 윤리적 가치관 유형에 따른 취재보도 원칙의 중요도 인식 및 수행도 비교
오현경(Hyun Kyung Oh) 한국언론학회 2021 한국언론학보 Vol.65 No.4
This study aims to empirically explore the perception and practice of journalism ethics among Korean news reporters. According to recent studies of journalists, including the Korean Journalists Survey as well as the World of Journalism Study, a considerable gap was found between how journalists perceive the codes of ethics as professional journalists and how they maintain those ethical standards in practice while newsgathering. To understand this gap, this study categorized journalists’ ethical orientation into four types based on theoretical as well as empirical studies about deontology, teleology, and virtue ethics: (1) absolutists, who agree with the idea that journalists should always adhere to codes of professional ethics regardless of situation and context; (2) situationalists, who argue that unethical practices can be justified for more important public interest in some cases; (3) eclecticists, who maintain rather a compromising position between absolutists and situationalists, focusing more on virtue ethics and who thus consider any report that can harm others is wrong regardless of its outcome; and (4) individualists, who believe that what is ethical in journalism is a matter of personal judgment. Based on this conceptualization, this study measured journalists’ ethical orientation and analyzed how journalists’ perception and performance of morality as professionals vary across orientation. For measuring perception and performance of morality, this study chose the six principles, i.e. truth, fairness, independence, transparency, protection of human rights, and maintenance of professional integrity, from the journalists’ code of ethics; and five clauses were extracted from each principle. A total of 30 items were used to measure how journalists perceive the importance of these ethical standards and to measure how they evaluate themselves in following those principles while newsgathering on the scene. An online survey of 303 Korean journalists was conducted. Among the respondents, 86.5% agreed with absolutism, 33.6% eclecticism, 33% situationalism, and 25.8% individualism. Results showed that those agreeing with absolutism, when compared to others, were more likely to consider most principles important and to rate themselves highly in maintaining those ethical standards on the scene. Those agreeing with eclecticism tended to perceive the protection of human rights especially more important than those who disagreed with eclecticism, while those agreeing with situationalism tended to perceive maintenance of professional integrity, as well as transparency, less important than those who disagreed with situationalism. Also, those who agreed with individualism perceived many principles to be less important compared to those who disagreed with individualism, while no principles were found to be less significant when it came to practice. Moreover, journalists who agreed with situationalism or individualism tended to be lenient with reports causing social conflict.
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이영희,이재진 (사)한국언론법학회 2023 언론과 법 Vol.22 No.1
This study compares domestic and foreign cases on how the media prepares guidelines for the socially disadvantaged in the Code of Ethics for Journalism in order to protect the socially underprivileged and not discriminate against them. Based on the analysis results, I would like to suggest supplementary points to the Korean press ethics code. First, to prevent discrimination against the socially underprivileged, it is necessary to present specific cases that can be applied immediately in the field of coverage and reporting. Second, the Journalists Association needs to introduce an educational program for reporters who cannot afford long hours, and reporters can learn how to cover the socially underprivileged. Third, in order to increase the effectiveness of the ethics code of journalism, it is necessary to specify the standards for illegal acts in reporting on the socially underprivileged. Fourth, it is necessary to introduce the US's ‘Journalist's Toolbox’ system where reporters can find a list of recent trends, related organizations, and suitable sources when covering issues that are unfamiliar to reporters, such as the socially underprivileged. Fifth, it is necessary for the Journalists Association of Korea to collectively collect and post the code of ethics for each domestic media company so that anyone can check it. This can also stimulate the recognition of incumbent journalists for compliance with the Code of Journalism Ethics. The media still plays a large role in improving people's awareness of human rights and spreading a culture of human rights. It is hoped that the results of this study will help to check and reorganize the code of ethics for journalism so that the media can treat the socially underprivileged equally. 본 연구는 언론이 사회적 약자를 보호하고 차별을 하지 않기 위하여, 언론윤리강령에 사회적 약자 관련 지침을 어떻게 마련하고 있는지 국내외 사례를 비교하여 특징을 살펴보았다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국의 언론윤리강령에 보완이 필요한 점들을 제시하면, 첫째 사회적 약자에 대한 차별이 발생하지 않도록 취재보도 현장에서 곧바로 적용할 수 있는 구체적인 사례 제시가 필요하다. 둘째, 기자협회 등을 중심으로 긴 시간을 내기 힘든 기자들을 위한 교육 프로그램이 도입될 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해 사회적 약자와 관련한 취재 및 보도 방식을 배울 기회도 늘어날 것이다. 셋째, 언론윤리강령의 실효성을 높이기 위해 사회적 약자를 취재보도하는 데 있어 법적으로 위법한 행위의 기준을 명시해줄 필요가 있다. 넷째, 기자가 평소 친숙하지 못한 이슈(예를 들어, 사회적 약자)를 취재할 때, 근래의 동향과 관련 기관 및 적합한 취재원 리스트를 찾아볼 수 있는 미국의 ‘언론인 도구상자(Journalist’s Toolbox)’와 유사한 시스템을 국내에도 도입할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 한국기자협회나 한국언론진흥재단 등에서 국내 언론사별 윤리강령을 일괄적으로 취합, 게시하여 누구든지 확인할 수 있도록 할 필요가 있다. 이는 현직 기자들의 언론윤리강령 준수 인식에도 자극제가 될 수 있을 것이다. 국민의 인권 의식 향상과 인권문화 확산에 언론이 차지하는 비중은 여전히 크다. 본 연구의 결과가 언론이 동등한 인권을 가진 사회적 약자를 사회적 통합 차원에서 조명할 수 있도록 언론윤리강령을 점검하고 재정비하는데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.
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