Success Factors Affecting Internationalization Process of Large Vietnamese Companies: A Conceptual Framework

Viet Quoc PHAM,Bao Khac Quoc NGUYEN,Thanh Quoc LE 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

Internationalization of multinational companies in the globalized context is a popular topic in the academic world and it is also a strong concern of CEO/managers. However, this topic has not been well discussed in the academic community in Vietnam that can be contextualized in the typical transition economy. This paper is designed to explore critical success factors (CSF) of internationalization of large Vietnamese companies that have contributed major revenue from the international market. Through interviews with CEO/managers of successful companies geared toward world markets, the CSFs of internationalization have been identified and categorized into groups in which each CSF has interaction with each other, and together have combined impacts on the success of internationalization. The research results provide a conceptual framework to analyze factors affecting internationalization of large Vietnamese companies. Thank to this conceptual framework, further exploratory and/or confirmatory research can be developed to locate more success factors of internationalization. In addition, some particularly critical factors of internationalization success of Vietnamese companies are found to be useful to both CEO/ managers and policymakers. CEO/managers can benefit from the research results by concentrate their limited efforts/resources in managing these CSFs, and policymaker may design CSF-based policies to boost the internationalization of domestic companies.

혁신형 중소기업의 국제화 결정요인과 성과간의 관계

박경수 ( Park Kyung Su ),신진교 ( Shin Jin Kyo ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2017 인적자원관리연구 Vol.24 No.2

Over the last two decades, with the advancement of globalization, the importance of SMEs to global market expansion has increased, and research on internationalization of SMEs is steadily increasing. These researches include export-related research, internationalization determinants, internationalization process research, and research on internationalization performance. Among these, research on the determinants of internationalization of SMEs is one of the main topics. Moreover, there is a growing interest in research on how the internationalization of SMEs has influences on management performance. For the past decade, the central government has actively fostered innovative SMEs that generate profits through the development or introduction of innovative technologies, products, or management technologies. Innovative SMEs are more likely to proactively pursue internationalization based on their differentiated technology capabilities, therefore, empirical studies on the determinants of internationalization of these SMEs are necessary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of internationalization of innovative SMEs. Specifically, we will examine how entrepreneurship, technological competence, and domestic market environment of innovative SMEs influence internationalization. In addition, we will investigate the effect of internationalization of innovative SMEs on performance. As a result of collecting survey data from 233 innovative SMEs, entrepreneurship, technological capability and domestic market environment of innovative SMEs have positive effects on internationalization. However, the internationalization of innovative SMEs positively affects the growth rate of net profits, but not the operating profits. Based on the results, the theoretical and practical implications are suggested. The limitations of this study and future direction of research are also discussed.

한국 태권도 국제화 경험을 통한 중국 무술의 발전경로 탐색

강아봉,박주식 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.2

Based on the experience of successful internationalization of Taekwondo, a traditional Korean martial art, this study aims to identify problems in the internationalization process of Chinese martial arts and to suggest development plans for successful internationalization. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a literature search was conducted first, and the results of 393 literature studies that met the purpose of the study were subdivided by factor. Next, based on the results of the literature review, a questionnaire for qualitative research was constructed, and the results of the qualitative research conducted on the research participants of the expert group were categorized and the following conclusions were drawn. First, Korean Taekwondo was adopted as an official Olympic event through publicity at home and abroad using demonstration teams, full support from the state and government, establishment of a systematic education system through the dispatch of professional instructors, and popularization of sports. This is judged to be a very important factor in the successful internationalization of Taekwondo. Second, as a result of exploring the internationalization development path of Chinese martial arts through literature research and qualitative research, Chinese martial arts have problems such as biased development centered on competition, lack of publicity, absence of a dedicated institution, and difficult accessibility. Compared to the internationalization process, it was confirmed that these areas need improvement. Third, through a comparative analysis of the internationalization development paths of Korean Taekwondo and Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts need to be reconstructed as sports, and contents development for popularization of martial arts, establishment of an institution dedicated to internationalization through institutional support, and strengthening of public relations capacity are needed. Fourth, considering the social and cultural characteristics of the two countries, succession and development considering the characteristics of Chinese martial arts based on the successful experience of taekwondo internationalization are considered necessary for the successful internationalization of Chinese martial arts. Considering the above research results, for the successful internationalization of Chinese martial arts, based on the successful internationalization experience of Korean Taekwondo, the establishment of a dedicated institution identified as a problem in the process of internationalization of Chinese martial arts, promotion through the development of various martial arts contents, and professional It is believed that it is necessary to establish an education system through leaders. In addition, it is necessary to derive problems in the training process of Chinese martial arts experienced by Chinese martial arts trainees and the general public through follow-up research, and conduct scientific and systematic in-depth research considering social and cultural differences, training targets, and training environmental characteristics. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 전통 무술인 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 경험을 토대로 중국 무술의 국제화 과정에서의 문제점을 파악하여 성공적인 국제화를 위한 발전방안을 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 달성을 위해 1차로 문헌조사를 실시하여 연구의 목적에 부합하는393편의 문헌조사 결과를 요인별로 세분화하였다. 다음으로 문헌조사 결과를 토대로 질적연구의 질문지를 구성하여 전문가 집단의 연구 참여자를 대상으로 질적연구를 진행한 결과를 범주화하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 한국 태권도는 시범단을 활용한국내외 홍보, 국가 및 정부의 대대적인 지원, 전문 지도자 파견을 통한 체계적인 교육 시스템, 생활스포츠 및 경기화를 통한 올림픽정식종목으로의 채택이 성공적인 국제화에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 둘째, 문헌연구 및 질적연구를 통해 중국 무술의 국제화 발전경로를 탐색한 결과 중국 무술은 경기 중심으로의 편향적 발전과 홍보 부족, 전담 기관의 부재 및 어려운 접근성 등의 문제점이 도출되어, 한국 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 과정과 비교해 보았을 때 이러한 부분의 개선이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 한국 태권도와중국 무술의 국제화 발전경로의 비교 분석을 통해 중국 무술은 스포츠로의 재구성이 필요하고, 무술의 대중화를 위한 콘텐츠 개발과제도적 뒷받침을 통한 국제화 전담 기관의 설립 및 홍보역량 강화가 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 양국의 사회·문화적 특성을고려했을 때, 중국 무술의 성공적인 국제화를 위해서는 태권도 국제화의 성공 경험을 토대로 중국 무술의 특성을 고려한 계승 발전이필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 보았을 때 중국 무술의 성공적인 국제화를 위해서는 한국 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 경험을 바탕으로 중국 무술의 국제화 과정의 문제점으로 확인된 전담 기관 설립과 다양한 무술 콘텐츠 개발을 통한 홍보 및 전문 지도자를 통한 교육시스템 구축이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 후속 연구를 통해 실제 중국 무술 수련자 및 일반인이 경험한 중국 무술의 수련 과정에서의 문제점을 도출하고, 연구 과정에서 사회·문화적 차이와 수련 대상 및 수련 환경적 특성 등을 고려한 과학적이고 체계적인 심층 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다

토픽 모델링을 활용한 한국 중소기업 국제화 연구동향 분석: 2013년부터 2023년까지 KCI 등재저널에 게재된 논문을 중심으로

한가록,최순규,이재은 한국국제경영관리학회 2024 국제경영리뷰 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 최근 10년간 KCI 등재저널에 게재된 중소기업 국제화 연구를 대상으로 키워드 네트워크 분석과 토픽 모델링을 이용해 연구동향을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 특히 본 연구는 토픽 모델링을 활용해 COVID 19 이전과 이후의 중소기업 국제화 연구동향을 비교하고 이에 따른 향후 연구방향을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 중소기업 국제화 연구 327편을 대상으로 키워드 네트워크 분석한 결과 중소기업 국제화 연구에 사용된 주된 키워드는 중소기업, 수출성과, 마케팅역량, 국제화, 기술역량인 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 토픽 모델링 분석을 수행한 결과 마케팅, 네트워크, 무역, 해외시장진출, 자원 및 역량 등 총 10개의 연구 토픽을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 COVID 19 이전과 이후의 중소기업 국제화 연구동향에 차이가 있는지 토픽 모델링을 활용하여 비교분석한 결과 COVID 19 이전과 이후에는 공통적으로 네트워크, 무역, 자원 및 역량, 기업가정신과 지향성, 환경변화 등의 토픽이 도출된 것을 확인하었다. 하지만 일부 토픽에는 차이가 있었는데, COVID 19 이전의 경우 해외시장진출과 지원・육성과 관련된 연구들이 활발히 수행되었다면 COVID 19 이후에는 마케팅, 비대면과 관련된 연구들이 활발히 진행된 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 다음과 같이 향후 중소기업 국제화 연구방향을 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 방법론적인 측면에서 질적연구나 혼합연구가 활발히 수행될 필요가 있다. 둘째, 다양한 이론적 프레임을 바탕으로 타 학문과의 융합을 통해 중소기업 국제화 연구를 수행해 볼 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 지속가능성이나 ESG, 디지털 트렌스포메이션, 인공지능 등과 같이 새로운 패러다임과 관련된 키워드를 활용해 중소기업 국제화 연구를 수행할 필요가 있다. 본 연구 결과는 중소기업 국제화를 연구하는 연구자들에게 중소기업 국제화 연구현황을 파악하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다. This study aims to examine research trends using keyword network analysis and topic modeling for SME internationalization research published in KCI-listed journals over the past 10 years. In particular, this study uses topic modeling to compare the trends of SME internationalization research before and after COVID 19 and suggest future research directions accordingly. First, we conducted a keyword network analysis on SME internationalization research and found that the main keywords used in SME internationalization research are SMEs, export performance, marketing capabilities, internationalization, and technology capabilities. Next, a modeling analysis was conducted and 10 research topics were identified, including marketing, network, trade, internationalization, resources, and capabilities. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis using topic modeling to see if there were any differences in the research trends of SME internationalization before and after COVID 19, and found that the following topics were common before and after COVID 19: network, trade, resources and capabilities, entrepreneurship and orientation, and environmental change. However, there were differences in some of the topics, such as research related to overseas expansion and support and development before COVID 19, while research related to marketing and non-face-to-face was more active after COVID 19. Based on these findings, this study suggests the following directions for future research on SME internationalization. First, in terms of methodology, qualitative and mixed methods studies should be actively conducted. Second, it is necessary to conduct SME internationalization research through convergence with other disciplines based on various theoretical frameworks. Finally, SME internationalization research should be conducted using keywords related to emerging new paradigms such as sustainability, ESG, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, etc. The results of this study will help researchers studying SME internationalization to understand the current status of SME internationalization research.

제조기업의 국제화수준이 생산성 및 효율성에 미치는 영향

원자연 ( Jayoun Won ),유상열 ( Sang-lyul Ryu ) 한국생산성학회 2021 生産性論集 Vol.35 No.3

This study analyzed the relationship between the internationalization of Korean manufacturing firms and their productivity and efficiency. Prior studies have examined the effect of internationalization on firm performance or differences in productivity and efficiency between exporting and non-exporting firms. This study aims to empirically analyze whether strengthening internationalization strategies is advantageous for increasing productivity and efficiency. The sample consists of 3,725 manufacturing firms (firm-year observations) listed on the Korean Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) market from 2003 to 2017. We measured internationalization as the ratio of foreign sales to total sales and productivity as net income per employee and added value per employee. This study adopted data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate efficiency in firms' operating activities and calculated technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency using CCR and BCC models. Then we obtain scale efficiency by dividing technical efficiency by pure technical efficiency. The results of empirical analysis show a positive relationship between internationalization and productivity measured as net income per employee and added value per employee, supporting Hypothesis 1. Operating cash flow and debt ratio, which are control variables included in our empirical model, were estimated to be statistically significant negative. However, both firm size and foreign ownership were estimated to be a significant positive. In addition, as a result of estimating the relationship between internationalization, technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency, it was found that all of them had a statistically significant positive association, thereby supporting Hypothesis 2. The control variables, operating cash flow and debt ratio, were found to have a significant negative effect on technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. In contrast, the firm size and foreign ownership had significant positive effects. There were some differences in the results of measuring efficiency as scale efficiency. Operating cash flow and firm size had significant negative effects on scale efficiency, but debt ratio and foreign ownership had no significant effect. Prior studies have presented evidence for differences in productivity and efficiency depending on whether or not they have entered overseas markets. This study expanded previous studies by providing empirical evidence that strengthening a firm's internationalization strategy improves productivity and efficiency. Domestic firms experienced many strategic changes as they experienced the 1997 Asia financial crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. Before the crisis, firms sought profits by mass-producing low-priced products based on low wages, but after the crisis, they have made efforts to achieve growth by eliminating inefficiencies. Research has been conducted on productivity and efficiency improvement in response to this situation, and prior studies have analyzed whether domestic firms’ overseas expansion increases productivity and efficiency. Prior studies have explored the increase in productivity and efficiency due to exports. However, this study provided empirical evidence that strengthening firm's internationalization strategy is advantageous for increasing productivity and efficiency. This study has the following limitations. First, this study measured the level of internationalization as the ratio of FSTS, that is, foreign sales to total sales. Most of prior studies use FSTS as a substitute variable for the level of internationalization. To be robust, we can measure the level of internationalization by applying various measurements such as the number of foreign-invested countries and overseas subsidiaries. Second, our sample consisted of manufacturing firms. In the future, it may be possible to analyze whether the relationship between internationalization level, productivity, and efficiency varies from industry to industry.

기업가의 전문성과 중소기업 국제화

김강식 ( Kang-sik Kim ) 한국질서경제학회 2013 질서경제저널 Vol.16 No.1

Drawing on the theory of expert competency this paper develops a model suggesting that entrepreneurs’ prior experiences influence SME age and degree of internationalization. It is argued that international expertise and founding expertise have different effects on venture age at internationalization. Moreover, it is proposed that age at first international entry, founding expertise, and international expertise independently and conjointly influence venture internationalization degree. It was tested the model using hierarchical linear regressions and data from internationalized entrepreneurs. The findings reveal diverging effects of international and founding expertise on age at internationalization and significant two-way interactions between entrepreneurs’ expertise and age at internationalization in explaining SME degree of internationalization. To conclude, this study examined the effect of different types of entrepreneurs’ expertise on central determinants of SME internationalization. Specifically, It was showed that international expertise accelerates and that founding expertise delays first moves into international markets. Moreover, It was showed that the positive effect of early internationalization on SME degree of internationalization is contingent on entrepreneurs’ international expertise and founding expertise. These results emphasize the complex role of entrepreneurs and their experience in internationalization and support a cognitive perspective on international entrepreneurship.

Can Traditional Industry Firms Be Born Global? Case Study with a Focus on Chinese and Korean Firms

강칭송(Qingsong Kang),윤기창(Ki-Chang Yoon),박조슈아(Joshua Park) 한국무역학회 2020 Journal of Korea trade Vol.24 No.6

Purpose - This study investigates whether the internationalization process of traditional industry firms can be categorized as born global, early internationalization, or gradual internationalization, and examines what factors promote internationalization in traditional industries using a case study of two firms, one each in China and Korea. Design/methodology - This study elects to use case study methodology to determine the “how” and “why” of internationalization process of traditional industry firms. Taking into consideration that factors that impact the internationalization process of firms are diverse and unclear in terms of causality, this study utilizes exploratory case study methodology. This research performs a comparative two-case study of two firms in traditional industries, one each in China and Korea, to examine similarities and differences of study subjects in order to improve the validity and suitability of research results. Findings - The findings of this research are as follows: First, traditional industries are more likely go through early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global; born globals are far more likely to appear in high tech industries. Second, the internationalization process of companies that go through early and rapid internationalization differs from what is indicated by traditional interna￾tionalization theories, and are not limited by factors like psychological distance and lack of experien￾tial knowledge. Third, international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, and imitation and learning are important internal driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Fourth, conditions within the domestic market, policy support from the government, and pilot effect from industry leaders are external driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Originality/value - This study shows that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms is more likely to be early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global and suggests answers to why this may be the case. In addition, through an examination of case studies, it reveals that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms that undergo early and rapid internationalization is different from traditional internationalization theory, in that they are not limi￾ted by the lack of psychological proximity and empirical knowledge, and are driven by international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, imitation and learning, competitive pressure within the domestic market, government’s policy support, and the pilot effect of industry leaders. Therefore, this study contributes to literature by expanding the scope of application of born global theory to traditional industries, making born global theory more generalizable and identifying driving factors to internationalization of traditional industry firms.

해외자회사를 활용한 국제화 전략이 기업성과에 미치는 영향

김준현(JoonHyun Kim) 대한경영학회 2018 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

위탁급식업체 국제화를 위한 추진, 유인 및 상호작용 요인의 영향 분석

이현아(Lee Hyun A),한경수(Han Kyung Soo) 韓國營養學會 2009 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.42 No.4

위탁급식업체 국제화를 위한 추진, 유인, 추진-유인요인 상호작용 요인과 국제화를 저해 및 가능하게 하는 내부원동력 요인과의 인과관계와 내부원동력 요인과 국제화 단계의 인과관계에 대해 연구한 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 일반적인 특성에서 조사대상자의 근무하는 기업의 형태는 대기업 58명 (54.2%), 중소기업 49명 (45.8%)로 비슷한 비율로 나타났고, 조사 업체 수는 중소기업 12곳, 대기업 8곳으로 나타났다. 직급은 대부분 대리(59.8%)였고, 조사대상자가 속해 있는 업체의 국제화 단계는 대부분 국내지향적인 1단계로 나타났다 (79.4%). 둘째, 신뢰도 분석결과 Chronbach’s α 계수는 .729~.964로 나타나 신뢰도는 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 타당성을 검증하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석 (Exploratory Factor Analysis) 실시 결과 해당 요인의 적재치는 .549에서 .982의 범위를 가지는 등 대체로 높게 나타났다. 추진요인의 2개의 하위요인은‘국내시장포화 및 경영자의 의지’와 ‘국제화를 위한 투자’로 요인명을 부여하였고, 유인요인의 2개 하위요인은‘기업 외부적 국제화 환경’과‘글로벌네트워크와 문화전파’로 요인명을 부여하였다. 추진-유인 상호작용 요인의 3개의 하위요인은‘국외시장정보’,‘해외진출 절차와 예산’과‘국내네트워크와 시장규모’로 요인명을 부여하였고, 내부원동력 요인은 2개의 요인으로 나뉘었고, 국제화 저해요인과 국제화 가능요인으로 명명하였다. 셋째, 가설검증 결과 추진요인 (국내시장포화 및 경영자의 의지, 국제화를 위한 투자)은 국제화 저해 요인과 국제화 가능 요인에 모두 정 (+)의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 유인요인인 기업 외부적 국제화 환경 요인과 국제화 저해요인 간에 정 (+)의 영향관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 국제화 가능요인에는 정 (+)의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 글로벌네트워크와 문화전파는 국제화 저해요인에 정 (+)의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났고, 국제화 가능요인에 대해서는 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유인요인의 외부적인 국제화 환경은 국제화를 저해하지만, 글로벌 네트워크와 문화가 전파되어 있을수록 국제화를 가능하게 하는 것으로 사료된다. 추진-유인 상호작용 요인과 국제화 저해 요인과 국제화 가능 요인과의 영향관계를 살펴보면, 상호작용 요인의 국외 시장정보는 국제화 저해요인과 가능요인에 모두 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 국외 시장에 대한 정보가 국제화를 저해할 수도 있다는 것이다. 해외진출 절차와 예산은 국제화 저해요인과 가능요인에 모두 정 (+)의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 국내네트워크와 시장규모는 국제화 저해요인에 정 (+)의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났고, 국제화 가능요인에 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 국제화 저해 요인과 가능 요인은 국제화 단계에 정 (+)의 영향 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 국제화를 저해 요인이 가능 요인 보다 국제화 단계에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 (β = .492 > .177) 이상에서 살펴본 결과, 위탁급식업체 국제화는 기업 내부적인 추진요인보다는 기업 외부적, 환경적 요인과 추진, 유인 단독요인 뿐만 아니라 추진요인과 유인요인의 상호작용요인과 영향 관계에 있다는 것이다. 이것은 위탁급식업체가 국제화 하고자 할 때 이론적으로 고려해야할 사항으로 사료된다. 또한, 위탁급식업체 국제화를 저해 및 가능하게 하는 내부원동력 요인은 국제화 단계와 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지금도 꾸준히 위탁급식업체의 국제화가 진행되고 있는데, 해외업무 담당자들은 위탁급식업체 국제화에 미치는 요인과 요인들 간의 관계성 분석을 통하여 합리적인 국제화 모델을 찾아야 할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구의 제한점은 조사 방법에 있어 회수율이 낮은 우편 설문을 실시하여, 낮은 설문회수율을 나타내고 있어 연구 결과에 대한 일반화에 대해 한계를 가지고 있으며, 요인의 하위 변수 선정에 있어 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of push, pull and push-pull interactive factors for CFMC (Contract Foodservice Management Company)’s internationalization. The study was a quantitative study part in mixed methods (QUAL → quan) which was mainly qualitative study and quantitative study. Mail survey was carried out for quantitative study. For study subjects, 1,281 persons who completed ‘Food Service Management Professional Program’ of ‘Y’ University were selected as a population because the program was mainly for CFMC’s workers. The analysis methods used in this study were frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 17.0. Push factors had the saturation in domestic market and the manager’s purpose (fac.1) and the investment for internationalization (fac.2). Pull factors had the company’s external environment for internationalization (fac.3) and the global network and spread of culture (fac.4). Push-pull interactive factors had the information about foreign market (fac.5), the procedure and budget of overseas expansion (fac.6) and the national network and size of domestic market (fac.7). Internal dynamics factors had the deterrents for internationalization (fac.8) and the enablers for internationalization (fac.9). The result showed that the company’s external environment in pull factors had positive effects on the deterrents for internationalization. The global network and the spread of culture had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The information about foreign market in push-pull interactive factors had positive effects on the deterrents and enablers for internationalization. The national network and the size of domestic market had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The deterrents and enablers for internationalization had positive effects on the level of internationalization, and the deterrents had more effects on the level of internationalization than the enablers did (β= .492 > .177).

A Comparative Study on the Internationalization Policy of Local Government

이동기 한국비교정부학회 2020 한국비교정부학보 Vol.24 No.4

(Purpose) Local governments are increasingly interested in internationalization. Recently, COVID-19 has limited the implementation of internationalization policies and projects, but it is still true that local governments are highly interested in internationalization. However, seldom research has been done on the internationalization policy being pursued by local governments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive policy implications through comparative analysis of internationalization policies as local governments' interest in internationalization expands. (Design) For comparative analysis of the internationalization policies of local governments, it was centered on the internationalization ordinance, the internationalization system, the internationalization policy, the formation of the internationalization culture, etc. The analysis targets were conducted on metropolitan and provincial governments, and the government utilized the autonomous legal information system and related literature to conduct research. (Findings) The analysis results are as follows: the Internationalization Ordinance was implemented by 11 local governments, and the International Cultural Exchange Ordinance was enacted by 8 local governments. The internationalization system was carried out by the establishment and operation of the internationalization department, advisory committee, honorary diplomat or international cooperation officer, and international exchange foundation or center. The internationalization policies included international development cooperation, joining and attracting international organizations, sharing overseas cities with excellent policies, and establishing basic plans for internationalization. In addition, the formation of international culture included sisterhood ties and friendly cooperation, support for private international exchange projects, and international cultural exchanges. (Research implications) The policy meaning requires the enactment of an ordinance to lay the institutional basis for the promotion of internationalization, and practical public diplomacy policies are needed for international exchange. In addition, local governments need to prepare requirements for international development cooperation and international organizations, establishment of basic plans for internationalization, and selection of friendly cities.