젊은세대와 시니어세대간 기부의도에 관한 비교연구

황윤용(Yoon Yong Hwang),오민정(Min Jung Oh),정진철(Jin Chul Jung) 한국경영학회 2013 經營學硏究 Vol.42 No.6

Recognition or intention of philanthropic behavior could lead to differences and the moral identity among them is a very important effecting factor in perspective of potential donors (Reed et al., 2007). Like this Perspective, this research provides an exploratory analysis of the intention to donation between young and senior generations. Furthermore, inquired into the moderating roles of psychological distance and moral identity. First, as the fact that the society is getting aged and the silver markets are emerging and are showing differences from the ones of young generation, there would be differences in donation behavior, which could diminish the social imbalance or asymmetry, by the difference of generation, and upon which the generational differences in intention of donation will be investigated. Second, in advance of investigating generational differences in intention of donation, adjusting factors that have effects on generational differences in intention of donation are investigated in this research. For this, in this research, psychological distance and moral identity are examined. Through observation on recent researches, it is found that moral identity plays a role of motivation in voluntary works and prosocial behaviors (Aquino, Reed II, Lim, and Felps, 2009; Aquino and Reed II 2002; Reed II and Aquino 2003). Third, it is inferred that people would showmore tendency of strengthening their interrelationship through donations that are related to charities in perspective of interdependency since intention of donation or donating itself are revealed when people recognize interdependence with certain society or group where they are belonged to instead of placing focus on their selves. Lastly, young generation shows more tendency of independent self construal and individualistic thinking, while senior generation shows more tendency of interdependent self construal where they tend to place more weights on ‘we’ and ‘harmony’, and they are more likely to have collectivism (Markus and Kitayama, 1991). Thus, it can be supposed that senior generation would show more intention of donation to those who are belonging to in-group while there would be no effect of categories like in-group or out-group on intention of donation of young generation. Also, it can be supposed that senior generation would show high tendency in intention of donation regardless of their level of moral identity and that young generation who have high level of moral identity would show high tendency in intention of donation along to the way of mitigating psychological incongruity and corresponding to their self-identities. The result of data analysis showed that the gap between young and senior generation`s donation intention. In other words, senior generations showed the higher donation intention than young generations. In particular the effect of the psychological distance showed just senior generations. That is the less psychological distance, the more donated. However the effect of the moral identity showed the young generations only. That is, the higher level of moral identity, the more donated. To sum up, psychological distance plays a critical role on senior generations, and moral identity plays a important motive variables to the young generations, individually. Furthermore, If we considered two sub dimensions(internalization and symbolization) of moral identity, the higher level of symbolization, the more young generations donated. But internalization dimensions have no effect to the young generations. The implication of this study is different from aging about psychological mechanism to donation intention. Therefore, to promote the donation that we need differential strategy for stimulating generational psychological motivation. Detailed implications are as followings. First, in this research, each of generations is segmented into young generation, baby boomer generation and senior generation, a generation that is older than baby boomer generatio

태권도장의 서비스 품질과 고객만족도 및 행동의도의 관계

김지태,김성일,정연성 한국웰니스학회 2011 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the service quality, customer??satisfaction, and behavioral intention of Taekwondo gymnasium. The participants of this study were school parents of??Taekeondo gymnasium participant in Incheon. Samples of 276 questionnaires by convenience sampling were??used as final research materials. The statistical techniques, which were used for the analysis of this study, were frequency??analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, by using??SPSS 15.0. Through these procedures, the following conclusions were elicited. First, the service quality influenced customer satisfaction. namely, tangible influenced on a leader??satisfaction, trust and tangible influenced on a facility satisfaction, conviction influenced on a program satisfaction and??location satisfaction, sympathy influenced on a leader satisfaction, facility satisfaction, location satisfaction. Second, the service quality influenced behavioral intention. namely, tangible influenced on a word-of -mouth intention, trust influenced on a re-use intention, conviction influenced on a word-of-mouth intention and re-use??intention, sympathy influenced on a word-of-mouth intention. Third, the customer satisfaction influenced behavioral intention. namely, leader satisfaction influenced??on a word-of-mouth intention, program satisfaction influenced on a word-of-mouth intention and re-use??intention, leader satisfaction influenced on a re-use intention, location satisfaction influenced on a word-of-mouth??intention.

상사의 이직의도가 부하의 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 이직의도, LMX, POS의 상호작용 효과를 중심으로

이진복,곽원준 한국기업경영학회 2017 기업경영연구 Vol.24 No.3

Employee turnover increases costs of selection and training, and causes adverse effects on organizational effectiveness. Researchers have examined antecedents and processes of employee turnover and have attempted to find factors that prevent employees from leaving their organizations. The present study investigated how supervisors’ turnover intention would influence subordinates' turnover intention and how Leader-Member Exchange Perceived Organization Support would moderate the relationship between supervisor and employee turnover intention. The data for the study were collected through a paper-based survey toward 300 pairs of employees in private companies located in South Korea (each supervisor was paired with a subordinate). In total, 107 paired survey respnoses were collected and used for data analyses. The results were provided such that there was a positive relationship between supervisor turnover intention and employee turnover intention. This suggested the positive moderating effects of LMX on the supervisor-employee turnover intention relationship, while there was no significant moderating effects of POS. This positive relationship was found to be stronger when LMX was higher. Finally, when the three-way interactive effects of supervisor turnover intention, LMX, and POS on employee turnover intention was examined, it was found that the supervisor-employee turnover intention relationship was strongest when LMX was higher and POS was lower. This study contributes to the current literature by shedding light on how supervisors’ turnover intention coupling with employees’ social exchange relationships on the job would jointly influence their own turnover intention, based on theoretical foundations of social exchange and social information theory. As practical contributions, first, given the effects of supervisor turnover intention on employee turnover intention, companies which desire to reduce employee turnover intention might need to reduce supervisor turnover intention. Our results also provide an interesting solution to prevent supervisor turnover intention from affecting employee turnover intention. When POS was high, supervisor turnover intention was found to be not a significant determinant of employee turnover intention. This suggests that, even when supervisors intended to quit their job, companies may keep employee turnover intention to be low as long as having those employees develop a good relationship with their organizations. This study explains process how supervisor's intention(or attitude) affects subordinate's intention(or attitude), based on SIP(Social Information Processing Theory), and examines two-way interaction between Supervisor's turnover intention and LMX(Leader-Member Exchange), further, three-way interaction between supervisor's turnover intention, LMX and POS(Perceived Organization Support). 본 연구에서는 상사의 이직의도가 부하의 이직의도에 미치는 영향과 상사의 이직의도와 부하의 이직의도 사이의 관계에 미치는 상사-부하관계(LMX)와 조직지원인식(POS)의 상호작용효과를 조사하였다. 자료 수집을 위하여 상사의 이직의도를 측정하기 위한 상사용 설문지와 부하의 이직의도 및 관련 변수를 측정하기 위한 부하용 설문지를 구성하였으며 상사 1명 당 부하 1명을 쌍으로 연결하여 설문을 진행했다. 일반 영리기업에 다니는직원을 대상으로 설문을 진행한 결과 총 107쌍의 설문이 자료 분석의 대상이 되었다. 먼저 상사의 이직의도가부하의 이직의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 또한, 상사-부하관계(LMX)의 질이 높을수록 상사의 이직의도가 부하의 이직의도에 더 강한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 나아가 상사-부하관계의 질에 의해 조절되는 상사와 부하의 이직의도 관계가 조직지원인식에 의하여 또한 조절됨을 확인하였다. 구체적으로, 조직지원인식을 낮은 수준으로 지각하고, 상사-부하관계의 질이 높을 때 상사의 이직의도가 부하의 이직의도에 미치는영향이 가장 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 연구결과 및 시사점과 함께 향후 연구 과제를 논의하였다.

서비스 유통 산업에서 고객 불평의도 유형과 결정요인

Hyun-Jin Cho 한국유통과학회 2018 유통과학연구 Vol.16 No.8

Purpose - With growing competition in the service distribution industry, the importance of managing customer complaints has increased. If firms handle customer complaints effectively, they can strengthen customer loyalty and repurchase intention. Many studies have focused on customers expressing complaints, yet research on silent customers is scant. This study focuses on two types of complainers and non-complainers. In other words, this study is to examine the value of voice complaint intention and no-action intention. This study also investigates how perceptual and relational factors affect complaint intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was carried out using the survey with undergraduate students who have faced a service failure in a retail store(fast foods, electronics, apparel). And if such complaint were to occur again, respondents were asked about any possible action they would take. 300 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 279 respondents provided complete and usable data. The sample consisted of 158 males(56.6%) and 121 females(43.4%). The structural equation modeling analysis was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The results are as follows. First, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were positively related to voice complaint intention. Second, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were negatively related to no-action intention. Third, commitment was positively related to voice complaint intention but didn't have a significant negative impact on no action. Forth, voice complaint behavior reduced switching intention and no-action intention enhanced switching intention. Conclusions - The findings of this study confirm the value of complaint behavior and show voice complaint intention and no-action intention should be managed differently. Voice complaint intention is evaluated positively because it reflects customers' concerns about the company, while no-action intention is evaluated negatively. Attitude toward complaing is the most effective in increasing voice complaint intention and likelihood of successful complaint is a major factor in reducing no-action intention. Also, in explaining switching intention, voice complaint intention plays a more important role than no-action intention.

A Study on the Framework Development for Context Analysis in Smart Home Environment

류수민(Ryu, Sumin),김유리(Kim, Yuri),송지원(Song, Jiwon) 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2009 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.8 No.2

현대 사회는 컴퓨터가 우리 주변 곳곳에 내재되어 있고, 그들 간의 네트워크로 연결되어 있는 유비쿼터스 환경으로 변화되고 있다. 이러한 환경 변화에 따라 스마트 홈에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 스마트 홈 환경에서는 사용자와 주변 환경, 정보가전에 이르기까지 매우 다양한 상황 정보와 사용자의 행동패턴이 존재한다. 이에따라 유비쿼터스 환경에서의 스마트 홈 디자인은 사람들의 생활(life)과 서비스(service)를 디자인 하는 개념 으로 정의 내릴 수 있는데, 이는 사용자의 컨텍스트(context:정황, 배경, 환경)파악이 중요하다는 것을 보여 준다. 그럼에도 불구하고 컨텍스트 관련 연구 중 사용자를 중심으로 하는 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이며, 대부분 기술 분야에 많은 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 본 연구는 사용자 행동과 의도를 중심으로 컨텍스트를 파악하여 스마트 홈 디자인을 진행할 때 보다 명확한 니즈 도출을 유도할 수 있는 프레임웍을 개발하는 것을 최종 목적으로 한다. 최종적인 프레임웍은 시각화되어 나타내어지며, 이를 활용하면 사용자에게 적절한 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 다양한 응용 서비스에 공동으로 사용할 수 있으며, 이는 차후 스마트 홈 디자인 연구의 활용 자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 방법으로 진행되었다. 첫째, 문헌연구를 통한 스마트 홈 이해를 바탕으로 컨텍스트 개념과 요소를 파악하였다. 그 중 Dey의 사용자와 응용 서비스 사이의 상호작용을 강조한 개념과 우운택의 5W1H(Who, What, Where, When, Why, How)개념을 스마트 홈 환경에 맞게 재해석하였다. 둘째, 요소를 유형화하는 단계로서, 추출된 기본 요소를 바탕으로 관찰 조사를 바탕으로 추출된 집안에서의 사용자 행동을 분석하여 행동과 의도, 그러한 의도가 나오게 된 컨텍스트 요소를 분류하여 유형화시켰다. 셋째, 프레임웍을 개발하는 단계로서, 유형화된 요소를 바탕으로 사용자 컨텍스트 중심의 프레임웍을 개발하였으며, 이를 시각화하였다. 본 연구 결과 다음과 같은 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 문헌 연구를 통한 스마트 홈 이해를 바탕으로 추출한 요소를 유형화하고 사용자 행동을 의도에 따라 분석함으로서, 컨텍스트 파악을 용이하게 하였다. 둘째, 유형화된 요소를 바탕으로 사용자 컨텍스트 중심의 프레임웍을 개발하였으며, 이를 시각화하였다. 이는 사용자와 응용서비스간의 복잡한 인터랙션을 단순화 된 시각화로 보여줌으로 요소간의 관계파악이 용이해졌다. 셋째, 시각화 된 자료를 사용자의 행동유형 분류와 의도분석에 따라 웹상에 구현함으로 다른 컨텍스트 연구와는 차별화 되도록 하였다. 이는 프레임웍을 시각화 하는 기존의 연구보다 체계적이며 사용자 행동에 따라 의도를 파악하고 의도분석을 통해 컨텍스트를 파악하는 등 새로운 관점에서 볼 수 있어 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Designing smart home means designing system, object, and services for the future homes to improve user’s life. To design a smart home to support user’s domestic life, understanding the context of the life is crucial. This purpose of this study is to analyze domestic context and develop a visualized framework of it so that a designer can apply the analytical framework for future smart home research and design. The analysis and the framework in this study are particularly focused on user’s intention and behaviour. The framework is visualized to provide clear understanding on complex domestic context and dynamic context. We expect that the visualized analytical framework would help the future domestic design by assisting in selection of appropriate service for certain context. This study was proceeding as following: First, we understand the definition and elements of the context based on the prior research in context and smart home. We reselected the elements of the context to fit the domestic environment based on the concepts of Dey and Woo’s 5W1H (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How) concept. Then we classified the elements into physical and user context. Home members, intention and behaviour are Included in the user context. Object, home space, and time are included in physical context. Interaction associates with physical context and user context. Second, we analyzed user behaviour and context elements in the house on basis of observation research on real domestic environments in three Korean homes. Next, we materialized them after classifying the elements of context that make such intention, intention and behaviour come out. Third, we developed user context-centered framework on the basis of element taken a concrete form of and visualized it. In the visualized framework related behaviours came out with emphasis on user’s intention. The main elements of context were able to have access to intention nearly. After approaching the intention of the user, we were able to conclude needs quickly and correctly from an overalleye. On this study, we were in progress of work to visualize it, setting 4 events of visitor invitation, preparation of going-out, family reunion, and caring for babies among various intentions As a result, the visualized data are realized on the web according to intention analysis and classification of types of user behaviour. The element in the center is a person’s intention and invitation. The factors around center are the person’s behaviour according to the intention. The factors very outside the web are context elements. From the context web, we found that the picture of the context is different depending on user’s intention and relationship between the elements of the context. This results are similar to Dourish’s (2004, 23) opinion that context is not stable but an occasioned property. The visualized context analysis of this study suggests that it can be applied to design Smart Home System in the future for revealing dynamic and occasional relationship between user intention, behaviour, and other context elements.

The Mediating Role of Brand Recall and Brand Attitude in Influencing Purchase Intention in Advergames

Azaze-Azizi Abdul Adis,김형준 한국마케팅학회 2013 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.15 No.3

Research on purchase intention had showed remarkable progress in contributing to the theory of consumer behavior. Despite the popularity of academic discussions on various issues influencing purchase intention, the mediating role of brand recall and brand attitude on purchase intention, in particular advergames, has not yet been well explored, especially in developing economies such as Malaysia. Furthermore, the influence of self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand placement acceptance as antecedents to brand recall and brand attitude are expected to add value to the brand recall, brand attitude and purchase intention relationships. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the mediating role of brand recall and brand attitude on purchase intention in advergames among Malaysian gamers. The antecedents towards brand recall and brand attitude are also examined to measure their influence on purchase intention. A total of 350 Malaysian gamers were interviewed through online survey in this study. The results showed that brand recall and brand attitude mediate the relationship between self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand placement acceptance with purchase intention. Also, entertainment and brand placement acceptance were found to have a significant relationship with brand recall. As expected, brand recall and brand attitude showed a positive relationship with consumer purchase intention in advergames. It was found that self-brand congruity has a significant influence on brand attitude and purchase intention. When users see the brand which matches with them, they tend to act positively toward the brand exposed in the game. This is consistent with Escalas and Bettman (2005) who suggested that the greater the congruity, the more positive the consumer’s attitude toward the brand in question. This leads to game usage and purchase (Davis and Lang, 2013). In the advergaming context, the entertainment value in advergames is very important to determine the level of enjoyment and pleasure experienced by gamers during game-playing. Therefore, the more entertaining the ads, the more it will be remembered and the greater the positive behavior of the consumer towards the advergames – this ultimately stimulates their intention to purchase the brand. This study shows the effect of brand placement on brand recall and brand attitude and also purchase intention. Brand placements might not work in games due to the interactivity involved in game-playing as people could be distracted from noticing the brand placements (Yang et al., 2006). However, the significant influence of brand placements found in this study may provide major promise for advertisers. Game players may or may not explicitly remember the brands they see in the games, but these placements may influence their brand recall and brand attitude and could therefore influence later decisions (Yang et al., 2006). In this study, it was found that self-brand congruity was not significantly related with brand recall. The reason for this could be attributed to the fact that this study examined gamers who are highly involved in the interactive medium of games which force them to focus on game play rather than advertisements; the level of recognition to remember the brand exposed in the game is low and contributes to the “mismatch” between the gamers and the said brand. The present study contributes to the existing literature of the antecedents of brand recall and brand attitude in advergames. This study contributes to the role of brand recall and brand attitude as mediators in purchase behavior theory. Academically, the relationship between brand recall and brand attitude is well known in advergaming research, but their impact as important mediators on purchase intention add new understanding in the interactive communication literature. Their mediating role may provide new insights on how they facilitate the effects of self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand p...

확장된 계획행동이론이 주얼리 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김소라(Kim, So Ra),김귀옥(Kim, Gwi Ok),배채수(Bae, Chai Soo) 한국공공정책학회 2020 공공정책연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 확장된 계획행동이론을 주얼리 구매에 적용시켜 주얼리 구매 소비자들은 어떠한 의사결정과정을 통해서 구매하는지 실증적 검증을 실시하여 파악함으로써 주얼리 산업에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있는 근거자료를 생산하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 주얼리 산업이 확대되고 있는 현 상황을 반영해 주얼리 소비자들의 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동 통제감, 사전지식 그리고 구매의도간의 관계를 검증하고자 하였으며, 그 과정에서 4개의 독립변수가 주얼리 소비자들의 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용하는지를 파악하고자 계획행동이론을 확장 및 적용하여 분석하였다. 실증 분석을 위해 명확한 내용타당성을 확보하고자 경기도 권에 거주하는 20대 이상 주얼리 소비자 180명을 조사 대상으로 169부를 유효 표본으로 선정해 본 연구에 활용하였다. 가설검증을 위한 분석방법으로 IBM SPSS Statistics 24를 사용해 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석을 실시하였고 영향관계에 대한 가설검증을 위해 회귀분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 태도는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주관적 규범은 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 행동 통제감은 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사전지식은 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 태도가 구매의도에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤고 그 다음으로는 사전지식, 주관적 규범순으로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 통하여 연구의 시사점을 제시해보면 확장된 계획행동 이론은 구매의도에 부분 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 확장된 계획행동이론의 태도요인은 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 주얼리 구매의도에 관한 영향 관계는 구매의도에 대한 개인의 태도와 의지가 중요하다는 결과이다. 둘째, 주관적 규범이 주얼리 구매의도에 대한 영향 관계는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 준거인인 가족, 친구, 회사 동료 등 주변 사람들을 의식하여 구매하는 의도가 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 지각된 행동 통제감은 주얼리 구매의도에 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타나 지각된 행동 통제감이 본인의 구매의지와 경제력만으로 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 미친다고 하기에는 다소 무리가 있으며 주얼리 구매자들의 인식전환을 위해 목표이익을 낮추거나 인지도를 높이며 자연스럽게 접하게 한다면 긍정적인 인식전환에 도움을 줄 것이라 사료된다. 넷째, 사전지식이라는 변수를 추가하여 주얼리 구매 시 정확하고 상세한 정보를 제공하며 접근한다면 긍정적인 영향을 주어 점진적인 확대를 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 확장된 계획행동이론과 주얼리 소비자의 구매의도를 설명하는 주요지표로 설정할 수 있음을 나타내고 있다. 주얼리 시장의 성장에 비하여 구매의도와 행동을 예측한 연구가 저조하기에 앞으로 보다 많은 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이며, 다양한 확장요인을 추가하여 연구할 노력이 필요하다. The objective of this study was to produce supporting data that can be used for various purposes by empirically identifying what kind of decision-making processes jewelry consumers went through by applying the expanded theory of planned behavior to jewelry purchases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, prior knowledge, and purchase intention by reflecting that the jewelry industry had been expanding. This study analyzed by expanding and applying the theory of planned behavior in order to examine the effects of these four independent variables on the purchase intention of jewelry consumers. This study handed out questionnaires to 180 subjects who were 20 years or older to secure content validity for empirical analyses. This study selected 169 copies as valid samples and used these copies for this study. This study conducted frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis to test the hypothesis and carried out regression analysis for testing the hypothesis about the influence relationship The analysis results are as follows. First, attitude positively affected purchase intention. Second, subjective norm positively influenced purchase intention. Third, perceived behavior control did not have a significant effect. Fourth, prior knowledge affected purchase intention positively. Attitude had the greatest influence on purchase intention, followed by prior knowledge and subjective norm in the order of magnitude. The analysis results of this study implied that the expanded theory of planned behavior had a significant effect on purchase intention partially. First, the attitude factor of the expandable theory of planned behavior affected purchase intention positively. The results indicated that the attitude and will of an individual’s purchase intention were important in the influence relation about jewelry purchase intention. Second, subjective norm positively influenced purchase intention and many people intended to purchase goods by paying attention to family members, friends, coworkers, and acquaintances. Third, it was found that perceived behavior control did not have a significant relationship with purchase intention, which indicated that it was too much to say that perceived behavior control directly affected purchase intention solely using willingness and economic power. It is believed that lowering the target profit or making purchasers access to it naturally with raising awareness would contribute to changing their perception positively. Fourth, if purchaser are accessed with receiving accurate and detailed information while purchasing jewelry by addind a new variable prior knowledge a gradual may be considered by giving a positive effect. The results of this study indicated that the expanded theory of planned behavior could be a key index explaining the purchase intention of jewelry consumers. Since there are not many studies predicting purchase intention and behavior compared to the growth of the jewelry market, more studies are needed. It is also needed to add and study more diverse expansion factors.

임상간호사의 이직의도 및 이직에 관한연구 : 일개대학 병원을 대상으로 in the case of S University Hospital

김영미,박성애 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1995 간호학 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study is, first of all, to identify the factors which influence the turnover intention and /or the turnover behavior through the literature review. Secondly, based on the identified factors, this study is to provide basic data for effective nursing personnel management in the hospital. Through the literature review, individual characteristics, familial characteristics, organizational structural characteristics, and organizational behavioral characteristics are identified as influencing factors of the turnover intention and/or the turnover behavior of nurses. Individual characteristics included in this study are age, tenure, religion, education level, and marital status. The number of children, the child caregiver, and the responsibility of household economy are variables included in the familial characteristics. The tenure of present job, experience of ward transfer, type of wards, position, night shift, the size of working unit, and number of new nurses are variables included in the organizational structural characteristics. Finally, organizational behavioral characteristics include the organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job characteristics, satisfaction of initial expectancy, and type of superior's leadership. The subjects of this study are two groups of nurses, the remaining group and the voluntary separation group. The remaining group is consisted of 291 nurses who were working in the S University Hospital in March, 1994. The voluntary separation group is consisted 114 nurses available among those who left S University Hospital form January, 1993 to March 1994. The questionnaire is used for data collection and the data are collected through mail for the voluntary separation group. According to the result of this study, the turnover intention is highest in the 25-29 age group. The relationship between turnover intention and tenure is similar to that of turnover intention and age, however the turnover intention is highest in the group with 3-5 years of experience group. The turnover intention by education level is not statistically significant, although the junior college group with three years of education shows the highest turnover intention. The turnover intention by religion is not statistically significant. The single group shows significantly higher turnover intention than the married group[(P<0.01). The turnover intention is lowest when paid housekeeper cares for children(P<0.05). The nurses who have many children show low turnover intention. The turnover intention by position shows that 4th class is the highest turnover intention group, next being 5th class group. It seems that the higher the position, the lower the turnover intention(P<0.001). The night shift group has a higher turnover intention(P<0.001). Turnover intention by type of wards differs significantly(P<0.05). The tenure of present job, the experience of ward transfer, the size of unit, the number of new nurses show no significant difference in turnover intention. The organizational behavioral characteristics such as organizational commitment, job characteristics, job satisfaction, satisfaction of initial expectancy, and type of leadership are negatively correlated with turnover intention. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job characteristics are higher in the voluntary separation group than the remaining group. But when the remaining nurses are divided into the high turnover intention group and the low turnover intention group, the latter shows the highest score in organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job characteristics among all the three groups. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in turnover intention, multiple regression is conducted. The result shows that education level, tenure, number of children, childcaregiver, position(4th class, 5th class), and organizational commitment are the significant variables which we can predict the turnover intention. Among them, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention. Finally, as the result of logistic regression analysis for the purpose of identifying the turnover behavior predicting variables, it is found that the education and the type of leadership are powerful predictors of turnover behavior. Other variables predicting turnover are job tenure at the time of turnover, marital status, job satisfaction, ward, having the children. Therefore it is concluded that higher education level, unsatisfging superior's leadership, more job tenure at the time of turnover, single status, higher job satisfaction, type of wards, and those who have children are the predicting variables of turnover behavior.

불법영득의사의 내용과 적용범위

김준성 韓國刑事法學會 2012 형사법연구 Vol.24 No.3

Generally speaking, Zueignungswille means the intention to make use of and dispose of the properties as if one were a real owner, excluding the position of the right person of the properties. Following the precedent, Zueignungswille is the intention to utilize and dispose of other's properties, for the economic purposes, excluding anyone who has any claim against one's own properties. Here is the problem - while Strafgesetzbuch, StGB(the Criminal Code of Germany) contains an express provision 'in der Absicht, rechtswidrig zuzueignen' - in the intention, illegal acquisition, in the Criminal Code of ROK there is no express provision of it. Therefore, there has been discussion about the necessity of the intention of illegal acquisition. Currently, a majority of perspectives and precedent have stated their views about necessity of the intention of illegal acquisition as excess subjective illegal component besides intention as to the matter of most acquisitive crime. On the other hand, the opinion of the minority has stated it's view that there need not be another intention of illegal acquisition and in acquisitive crime including larceny(theft) there should be sufficient only with intention itself. The reason why there are conflicted opinions in the case is that: At first in the Criminal Code of ROK there is no express provision of it unlike Strafgesetzbuch, StGB(the Criminal Code of Germany) contains an express provision 'in der Absicht, rechtswidrig zuzueignen' - in the intention, illegal acquisition. Second, the content of inquisitive intention is so ambiguous and equivocal that we couldn't easily apply the intention of illegal acquisition to all acquisitive crime without variation. Considering this point, above all, to become a crime, if there should be the intention of illegal acquisition as excess subjective component besides intention itself, according to the perspective of necessity I would establish the content of intention in illegal acquisition after reviewing what is the profit and how we could concede the intention of illegal acquisition as an excess subjective illegal component. In this regard, we can define at least the intention of illegal acquisition as the intention of illegal acquisition to attain properties of others as if they belongs to one's own ones, although there's no need to the extent of economical use. According to this kind of definition, larceny(theft) should be differentiated from acquisition and there should be a subjective illegal component beyond intention. And by differentiating larceny(theft) from acquisition, the time when larceny is committed should be the time when acquisition is completed, not the time when theft is completed. Furthermore, in case of being without the intention of acquisition merely within the stage of theft, the agent shall account for Gebrauchsdiebstahl. Therefore, the main reason why we have to consider the intention of the illegal acquisition is that we could differentiate larceny from Gebrauchsdiebstahl which are in ambiguous domains one another. In addition, we have already the code of punishment in illegal use of vehicles, the range of Gebrauchsdiebstahl could be reduced. This means that it is necessary to have the intention of illegal acquisition and that the intention of illegal acquisition has practical profit in itself. Also the case of malicious mischief, unlike the crime of theft, is not punished severely because there is no especial subjective illegal component which is beyond the intention. So the intention of illegal acquisition has sufficient practical profit as a mark of telling theft(larceny) from malicious mischief.

태권도장 서비스지향성과 소비자행동과의 관계

이선장 ( Sun Jang Lee ),진천수 ( Chun Soo Jin ) 대한무도학회 2010 대한무도학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 서비스지향성과 서비스품질, 고객지향, 소비자행동에 관한 선행연구를 기초로 하여 연구모형을 설정하고 태권도장을 중심으로 활성화되고 있는 서비스지향성에 따른 서비스품질과 고객지향, 소비자행동과의 관계를 규명함으로써 태권도장 경영에 있어 시대적 흐름에 부합되는 실질적 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상은 대구지역 태권도장 수련생의 학부모들을 모집단으로 선정하였다. 편의표본추출법(Convenience sampling)을 사용하였으며, 총 246부(98.4%)명의 설문지를 유효표본으로 하였다. 측정도구의 신뢰도 검사 결과 Cronbach`s α는.633에서.821사이에 위치함으로써 연구의 목적에 맞게 적절하게 나타났으며, 자료분석을 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법에 따라 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 서비스지향성이 서비스품질에 미치는 영향에서 서비스지향성의 서비스시스템과 인적자원관리가 서비스품질에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 서비스지향성이 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에서 서비스지향성의 서비스시스템과 서비스리더십, 서비스접점, 인적자원관리가 서비스의지와 서비스태도, 서비스행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 서비스지향성이 소비자행동에 미치는 영향에서 서비스지향성의 서비스시스템과 서비스리더십, 인적자원관리가 구매의도와 소비자신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 서비스품질이 소비자행동에 미치는 영향에서 서비스품질이 구매의도와 소비자신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 고객지향성이 소비자행동에 미치는 영향에서 고객지향성의 서비스의지와 서비스행동, 서비스태도가 구매의도와 소비자신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 종합해 볼 때, 태권도장들의 서비스지향성은 서비스품질과 고객지향성에 영향을 미치므로 소비자들의 소비자행동에 영향을 미친다는 결론을 얻었다. Using the former researches about service intention, service quality, customer`s intention and customer`s behavior as basis and creating a research model from it, this research has as an objective study the service intention consequently followed by service quality and customer`s intention and the relationship of it between customer behavior by studying the taekwondo gyms This will provide actual data in order to be adequate to the changes The subject chosen was the parent of the students of Taekwondo Gyms of DaeGu area. The methodology used was the convenience sampling and 264(98.4%) persons questionnaire was used as valid samples. During the reliance test of the measurement instrument, the Cronbach`s α as between.633 and.821 which was considered suitable for the objective of this study and to analyze the data, the analysis of crowd recurrence was used. With the methodology written above, the respective results were obtained. First. In the influence of the service intention on the quality of service, the service system and human resources management of service intention gives a mindful influence on the quality of the service. Second. In the influence of the service intention on customer`s intention, the service system, service leadership, point of contact of the service and the human resource management of the service intention gives a mindful influence on service will, service execution and service behavior. Third. In the influence of the service intention on customer`s behavior, the service intention`s service system, service leadership and the management of human resources gives a mindful influence on customer`s buying with and customer`s confidence. Fourth. The influences of the quality of service on customer`s behavior give a mindful influence on customer`s buying wish and customer`s confidence. Fifth, in the influence of the customer`s intention on customer`s behavior, the service will, service execution and service action on customer`s intention gives a mindful influence on customer`s confidence. In conclusion, the service intention of the tn, the segviceinfluences the quality of the service and customer`s intention sseconsetenntly it influences the customer`s behavior.