초고층 건축물의 ‘대피층’ 및 ‘대피공간’ 개념 도입 방안

최재필,박영섭,강범준,이윤재 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.11

In recent years there has been a rapid growth in construction of high-rise residential buildings. Fire safety in high-rise residential buildings has become the most significant problem among the related issues, many of which focus on the development of ‘refuge floors' or ‘refuge areas'. The objective of this study is to discuss the fire codes in other countries and the applications of a designated refuge floor or refuge area in them, and to develop the concept of them in finding a way to ensure the safety performance in high-density buildings. The current domestic code prescribes the ‘refuge floor' only as a story having exits directly linked to the ground floor. Whereas the building codes for fire protection in some countries require the provision of refuge floors/areas as a requisite part of the exit system, the definition of a ‘refuge floor' in domestic codes is only limited to the ground floor. In this concern, it is intended in this study to discuss the schematic development of ‘refuge floors' in search of improvement in current regulations, and to analyse the effectiveness of the application of it through the evacuation simulation using SIMULEX. The simulation results are as follows : the evacuation time can be evidently reduced if refuge floors are provided in the intermediate floors, and in terms of the accumulative empty time through the whole evacuation process, the time efficiency can be much improved in case refuge floors are provided, which means the more people can escape in the relatively earlier stage of emergency. The estimated required refuge area takes up less than one household unit in our simulation case study, so the additional cost for the refuge area can be of less burden.

Evaluation of the Floor Impact Sound Insulation Performance of a Voided Slab System Applied to a High-Rise Commercial Residential-Complex Building

Seunguk Na,Inkwan Paik,Sung-ho Yun,Huu Chi Truong,Young-Sook Roh 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.2

Multi-unit dwellings, such as apartment housing, town houses, and flats, are some of the most common housing types in Korea, as well as in other countries. Such multi-unit dwellings are considered an effective means to overcome the housing problems of high-density population in urban areas, owing to their high efficiency of land utilisation. However, interlayer noise complaints, such as footsteps or dragging items in apartment housing, are an inevitable problem in apartment dwelling conditions, because each household in an apartment shares walls and ceilings with other households. This paper presents the results acquired from the field test of the floor impact sound insulation performance of a voided slab system as applied to a commercial residential-complex building in South Korea. The results have shown that adopting the voided slab system for a commercial residential-complex building increased floor impact sound insulation performance. The test results show that the sound insulation performance of the voided slab system applied in the building for lightweight and heavyweight floor impact sound reached (47 and 41) dB, respectively. Based on the results of the field tests, it is expected that the application of the voided slab systems to the slabs of the apartment dwellings would be effective, and offer outstanding sound insulation performance. Moreover, it is expected that the floor impact sound insulation performance would be further improved, if the floor finishing materials, such as carpet or other types of flooring material, would first be installed onto the floor.

초고층 주상복합 건축물의 시대적 변천에 따른 단위세대 평면 공간특성에 관한 연구

이서희,김용성,송석재 한국공간디자인학회 2024 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.1

(Background and Purpose) The residential and commercial complex was introduced in Korea in the 1970s to solve the hollowing-out of the city by realizing direct residential proximity. Since then, technological development has been added to the increase in supply due to deregulation, and its value as a landmark has rapidly risen. The advantages and disadvantages were interpreted differently depending on the trend of the times, and we tried to quantitatively analyze the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complexes that underwent seasonal changes. This study aims to hypothesize based on the trends of the times and use it as a reference for future unit floor plans of high-rise residential and commercial complex buildings. (Method) This study is divided into three periods from 2002 to 2022, and cases from each period are selected and studied. The study was quantified by quantifying and comparatively analyzing the space within the floor plan using the Depth-map program of spatial syntax, and connectivity, control, integration, and intelligibility were selected as indicators. (Results) As a result of analyzing the average value of spatial syntax variables in the unit household plane, the degree of connectivity and intelligibility decreased from period 2 to period 3 after the increase, and integration tended to gradually increase. In the analysis by a space character, the degree of connectivity and control of public spaces gradually decreased, and the degree of integration was high in the order of 2>3>1. As a result of analyzing the integration of detailed space, the living room in period 1 and the hallway in period 2 were the highest. The degree of connectivity of private spaces increased by period, and the degree of control and integration was highest in period 2, and the lowest level of integration between the master room, which is a detailed space. (Conclusions) In this study, the unit floor plan of high-rise residential and commercial complexes was viewed as an independent living space, and the structure and relationship were analyzed through spatial syntax. The overall space of the unit floor plan showed an increase in accessibility, but the unit floor plan of period 2 was the most advantageous on average. In addition, there was no change over time in the direction of increasing accessibility to public spaces and decreasing accessibility to private spaces. Through this, it was confirmed that the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complex should be developed in consideration of public-private characteristics at a time when the importance of residential spaces has emerged socially and culturally. The limitation of this study is the comprehensiveness of the cases, and it is hoped that additional analytical research will be conducted considering detailed variables.

신라 사천왕사 건축 연구

김숙경 동국대학교 WISE(와이즈)캠퍼스 신라문화연구소 2023 新羅文化 Vol.62 No.-

This paper is a fundamental architectural research study on the layout of Sacheonwangsa Temple and basic stage of architectural evidence of various structures such as Geumdang (main building of temple), Moktop (wooden pagoda), and Danseok (assumed altar). Summerizing the research contents, they are as follows. Firstly, the spatial dimensions of the front and back courtyards, which are centered on the Geumdang and the Iklang (wing corridor), were compared and reviewed based on the architectural plan of the Hwaerang (corridor). The size of the space is determined by the proportion of buildings inside the space, and the size of the Hwaerang is also adjusted accordingly. Therefore, the standard of Sacheonwangsa Temple's layout should be based on the Geumdang. Based on the Ikrang plan, the width of the internal space of the temple is closely related to ensuring the entrance space and the placement of the two pagodas facing each other. The size of the foundation stone (초석) of Sacheonwangsa Temple is based on the size of the Iklang, which is smaller than the Hwaerang. Secondly, the Chayang-kan (sloping eave bracket system) of the Geumdang was installed at the latest stage of the construction sequence. However, the Joomang (grid of columns) makes the Dori-kan evenly spaced, requiring a structural system that reinforces the Cha-yangkan, and this can be seen as an early structural form among the Geumdangs of the Silla period. Since the Geumdang has a Chayang-kan structure and a round seat size of the main hall-foundation stone is same, it is believed that the main building is a single-story architecture, including the roof of the Chayang-kan, which makes up the two-story of the Geumdang‘s exterior. Thirdly, Moktop preserves the standard plane of the Silla-style three-kans pagoda, making it a very important cultural property. The Ma-ae Pagoda in Namsan exhibits a evenly decreased shape, and is understood as a stacked pagoda structure with individual floors, rather than a continuous structure. Taking into account the size differences between the foundation stones of the 4 central-columns (사천주) and outer-columns (외주), as well as the dimensions of the supporting seat of Noban and the methods used to support the lower part of the bracket, it is thought that central-columns were connected by a short column, closing the distance between columns, from 2.15 meters at the first floor, to about 1.5 meters at the top floor. Lastly, Danseokji is believed to be a building site where a religious ritual called the Munduru Bibeop was performed. Specifically, it is judged to be a first-floor plan of a high-floor (고상) building. The small stones (소초석) inside were installed to support stairs or ladders leading up to the high-floor building. Buildings in square floor plans without columns on the inside and located in symbolic positions include the Danseokji Stone Platform, the Hwangboksa Temple Pagoda Site (assumed), and the Building Site No.12 in Hwangnam-dong. The elaborate stone carving of the foundation stone and the circular hole are closely related to the majestic level seen in the foundation stones of the Sacheonwangsa Temple, and are believed to have been measures taken to erect a tall pillar. Architecture such as high wooden floor can be referenced in ancient Chinese architectural paintings. Further research is needed to understand what function these high-floor buildings served, in addition to the possibility of the Danseok.

The Preliminary Research on the Relationship between Carbon Emissions and Typical Floor Design of High-Rise Office Buildings in Shanghai

Zhixin, Dong,Yi, Chen Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2018 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.7 No.2

The greenhouse effect caused by human activities is becoming increasingly serious. The building industry, which is directly related with carbon emissions, has the responsibility and potentiality to reduce carbon emissions. Recently, Chinese and foreign academics have achieved some research results with respect to building carbon emissions. This paper tries to examine these issues in the context of climate conditions in the Shanghai area. Based on the typical floor plans of high-rise office buildings, analysis was performed via software simulation and data analysis; the paper explores the relationship between different design methods of typical floor plans and carbon emissions. The objective is to deliver results beneficial to typical floor-design methods with respect to the reduction of carbon emissions, so as to provide a reference for architects.

The Birth and Development of High-Rise Buildings in Japan: Focusing on the Historical Development of Height and Floor Area Ratio Regulations

Akihiko Osawa Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2023 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.12 No.3

This paper reviews the history of the birth and development of the skyscraper in Japan, mainly from the perspective of the legal system, and presents the following points: 1) After 1919, building height was limited to 31 m or less, which continued after the war and defined the skyline of Japan's major cities; 2) The 31-meter height limit became a problem during rapid economic growth. With the development of tall building construction technology, the height limit was eliminated, and skyscrapers were born in Japan in the 1960s; 3) Later, the number of skyscrapers increased more rapidly in the post-bubble period after the collapse of the bubble economy in the 2000s than in the boom years of the 1980s, when the floor-area ratio was relaxed for economic uplift and urban renewal. The number of skyscrapers increased rapidly against the backdrop of the deregulation of the floor-area ratio.

초고층 건축구조물의 층별 콘크리트 강도에 관한 연구

문미진(Mun Mi-Jin),이유미(Yi Yu-Mi),이광수(Lee Gwang-Soo),안종문(Ahn Jong-Mun),신성우(Shin Sung-Woo) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

Using high strength concrete increase to build high-rise reinforced concrete building for this construction, However, there is no adequate methods for it, whereas it is very important to design compressive strength of concrete according to floors. So that, this paper reports on design method of floor and compressive strength on floors, mix proportion in a lump. For this study, internal and external tall buildings completed 35 through 80 stories are analyzed and compared in terms of design of those. On the basis of the analysis, brief classification of compressive strength to floors, mix proportion plans are suggested. These are suitable for basic design of high-rise reinforced concrete building by high strength concrete.

고차의 진동하중을 받는 건축물 바닥판의 효율적인 진동해석

이동근,김태호 한국지진공학회 2006 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 높은 진동수 성분의 진동원을 가지는 건축물의 바닥판을 효율적으로 해석하는 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 고차진동하중을 받는 건축물의 바닥판에 적절한 요소분할 방법과 이에 따른 과도한 자유도를 줄이기 위한 자유도 선택방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 그리고 일반적으로 건축물의 바닥판의 경우에는 두께에 비하여 바닥판의 길이가 길기 때문에 전단변형이 고려되지 않은 판요소를 바닥판의 모형화에 많이 사용하는데 이에 대해서도 그 적절성을 검증하였다. 그리고 여러 개의 층으로 이루어진 건축물 바닥판을 기존의 방법을 이용하여 등가의 바닥판으로 치환하였으며 이 방법의 가능성과 한계를 검토하였고 마지막으로는 예제 구조물을 중심으로 제안한 모형화 방법의 효율성을 확인하였다. The object of this study is to propose the efficient method for analyzing the building floors subjected to the loading with high frequency contents. For this purpose, the method for mesh division and the selection of master DOF for FE model of building floors with these loadings are studied. Also, it is verified that the availability of thin plate element that is used by structural engineers for the modelling of the building floor of which the span-thickness ratio is usually ten times and over. And the possibility and limit of the equivalent plate which is already studied by other researcher for the multi-layer plate are investigated. At last, proposed modelling method is examined by the example structure.

초고층구조물의 방재를 위한 대피층 설치 제안

정지선(Jung Jee-Sun),이해출(Lee Hai-Chool),인치훈(In Chi-Hun),임홍철(Rhim Hong-Chul),정성훈(Jeong Seong-Hoon) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(계획계)

Planning and construction of high-rise buildings are ever increasing, recently, To represent and promote economic growth of a country or a city, buildings over 500 to 600 meter height are not uncommon. Korea is not an exception in the world trend of high-rise building construction. However, building codes related to the safety and evacuation of those extremely high buildings are not readily available. In this paper, the necessity of evacuation floors for high-rise buildings are suggested as an emergency plan. Also, the effects of structural behavior with these evacuation floors are studied through preliminary structural analysis. It is expected that the results of this study will be beneficial both to the building planners and the occupants of high-rise buildings.

BIM프로그램을 이용한 초고층건축물의 유형별 에너지 효율성분석

노준석,박상민,권종욱 대한건축학회지회연합회 2016 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.18 No.4

지속가능한 도시환경을 위해서는 효율적인 구조시스템에 더하여 에너지 효율성이 최적화된 초고층건축물의 형태에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 초고층건축물이 건립된 주요도시의 기후대별로 BIM기반의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 에너지 효율이 최적화된 형태유형을 제시하는 것이다. 2016년 현재 완공된 300m 이상 101개 건축물을 지역별, 기후대별로 분류하여 현황을 파악하였다. 그리고 선행연구를 바탕으로 기준층 평면형상과 입면형상을 유형별로 분류하였으며 대표적인 초고층건축물의 도시이면서 상이한 기후조건을 가지고 있는 두바이, 뉴욕, 광저우, 시카고를 대상으로 유형별 에너지 성능분석을 실시한 결과, 원형의 기준층 평면형상을 가진 초고층건축물의 에너지 성능이 가장 우수하며 입면형상의 측면에서는 셋백형이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. In addition to the study on the efficient structural systems, more studies on the forms of high-rise buildings which are optimized in terms of energy efficiency are necessary. The purpose of this study is to propose a typology on the form of high-rise building with optimized energy efficiency through climatic conditions of major high-rise cities. First of all, 101 cases of high-rise buildings that are higher than 300m are chosen and classified by location and their climatic zones. The typology of high-rise buildings are separated into the type of typical floor plan shape of and that of elevation shape. shape. From the energy performance analysis of 4 major cities like Dubai, New York, Guangzhou, and Chicago that belong to different climatic zone, typical floor plan of circle shape and elevation of set-back shape are proved to be the most efficient for energy performance.