도시환경의 건강친화도와 지역주민 건강도의 상관성에 관한 연구

김태환,김은정 국토연구원 2014 국토연구 Vol.81 No.-

본 논문은 최근 도시환경이 각종 만성질환과 상관되어 있다는 연구 결과들을 기반으로 하여, 도시환경이 지역주민의 건강에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용하는지에 대해 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전국 지자체별로 도시환경의 건강친화도와 그 지역에 거주하는 지역주민의 건강도를 구분하여 측정한 후, 이 두 변수 간의 상관성이 존재하는지에 대해 분석하였다. 지역주민의 건강도는 선행연구에서 도출된 결과로 건강행태, 질병이환, 심리건강, 건강인식 등 4대 부문으로 구성된 지표를 활용하였고, 도시환경의 건강친화도는 제도기반, 물리환경, 시민실천, 사회환경 등 4대 부문으로 구분하여 측정하였으며, 지역적 특성을 분석하였다. 지역주민의 건강도 수준과 도시환경의 건강친화도 수준과의 관련성을 분석한 결과, 이 두 부문 간에는 유의미한 상관성이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과로 도시환경의 건강친화도를 제고함으로써 지역주민의 건강도를 증진시킬 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between environmental condition and population health. For verifying the correlation, this study measures health-friendly environmental condition and population health separatedly, and then analyze a correlation between them. While population health is measured with health behavior, disease morbidity, mental health, and health perception, health-friendly environmental condition is measured with institutional support, built environmental condition, civic participation in health exercise, and social environmental condition. As a result of correlation and t-test analyses, there were significant correlations between population health and health-friendly environmental condition. Specifically, areas with better conditions of environments had healthy conditions for citizens. This study contributes to better understanding the conditions of health with perspective of urban and regional planning.

정신요양시설 거주인의 건강 실태 및 정책 대안

조한진,이승홍 대한통합의학회 2022 대한통합의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to directly understand the health condition of residents of mental health sanatoriums nationwide, which has been difficult to ascertain in surveys conducted to date. The study presents specific measures for improving the health of these residents. Methods : A "physical examination questionnaire for residents of mental health sanatoriums" was developed to check the basic physical condition of residents, and 20 out of 59 mental health sanatoriums nationwide were randomly selected. Medical personnel visited the sanatoriums, interviewing and examining the residents in person. A total of 396 health surveys were completed. Results : Many of the residents were underweight but had abdominal obesity. It was confirmed that chronic diseases among the residents were not diagnosed early or were not properly managed. Among the subjective symptoms complained of by the residents, musculoskeletal symptoms were the most common. Oral examinations revealed a serious level of oral health problems among the residents, including dental caries and missing teeth. Basic physical examinations found health problems that required additional examination or medical treatment. Blood pressure abnormalities made up the highest percentage of the health problems. Conclusion : Regular health surveys are needed to determine the health condition of residents of mental health sanatoriums. Access to and quality of primary medical services within the sanatoriums need to be dramatically improved. A delivery system for severe diseases and emergency medical care in the sanatoriums should also be specifically presented. The residents should be notified upon admission and during their stay that they have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health. The issue of health rights should be addressed within a larger framework of reorganizing management plans for people in the community ― not only residents ― with chronic mental illness.

노인들의 건강증진행위가 만성질환 및 건강상태에 미치는 영향

이동호 ( Dong Ho Lee ) 한국보건복지융합학회 2010 노인의료복지연구 Vol.2 No.2

This study conducted the secondary analysis using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention`s raw data of <the 2007 National Health and Nutrition Survey 4th>. Surveyed materials were a total of 4,594 cases and the final analysis target were 532 people of age 65 or older with more than one chronic disease. The following conclusions were drawn from the final analysis. In the first model, we examined whether each path is significant through the path coefficients and the result is that the significant factors for chronic diseases are oral health and the body type and the significant factors for health conditions are the body type, stress, exercise, oral health, chronic disease. That is, chronic disease rate is higher as the body type is thinner, as less attention is paid for the oral health, and the healthy body rate is higher as the body shape is better, as the stress is less, as exercise is more, as less attention is paid for the oral health and as the chronic disease is less. Second, the effects of variables on health condition is summarized as following. The chronic disease, stress and oral health in order have a high effect. That is health status is better as chronic disease is less, as stress is lower and as les attention is paid for the oral health.

Factors Affecting Oral Health Condition of High School

Hee Sun Woo,Ji Hyun Kim 대한예방치과학회 2012 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.8 No.4

Objective: To analyse the factors affecting oral health condition in high school students. Methods: Two hundred thirty six students from four high schools, located in Gyeonggi-do province participated in this study in 2011 through the questionnaire and oral examination. Relationships among factors were modeled by logistic regression. Results: Poor oral health conditions were revealed in boys (OR=1.98, CI:1.28-3.48) and tooth fracture (OR=2.57, CI:1.24-5.34) was among several factors affecting oral health. Experience of oral health education and scaling were lower in girl students thar in boys. Performing tooth-brushing after lunch was lower in boys. There was a significant difference statistically between the actual oral health condition and subjective oral health condition regarding poor oral conditions such as tooth fracture and hyper-sensitive tooth when consuming hot or cold drink or food. Conclusion: Oral health education or oral health care for high school students should include more items as tooth fracture and the hypersensitive tooth, given the disconnect between actual oral health condition and the subjective oral health condition.

How Much Does My Work Affect My Health? The Relationships between Working Conditions and Health in an Italian Survey

Ronchetti, Matteo,Russo, Simone,Di Tecco, Cristina,Iavicoli, Sergio Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.3

Backround: Working condition surveys are widely recognized as useful tools for monitoring the quality of working life and the improvements introduced by health and safety policy frameworks at the European and national level. The Italian Workers' Compensation Authority carried out a national survey (Insula) to investigate the employer's perceptions related to working conditions and their impact on health. Methods: The present study is based on the data collected from the Italian survey on health and safety at work (INSULA) conducted on a representative sample of the Italian workforce (n = 8,000). This focuses on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and self-reported health using a set of logistic and linear regression models. Results: Working conditions such as managerial support, job satisfaction, and role act as protective factors on mental and physical health. On the contrary, workers' risk perceptions related to personal exposure to occupational safety and health risks, concern about health conditions, and work-related stress risk exposure determine a poorer state of health. Conclusions: This study highlights the link between working conditions and self-report health, and this aims to provide a contribution in the field of health at work. Findings show that working conditions must be object of specific preventive measures to improve the workers' health and well-being.

근로환경에 따른 직무스트레스 수준과 건강이상과의 관련성

김준호,장세진 한국보건사회학회 2012 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.31

A growing body of literature has documented that job stress increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. This study was performed to assess the magnitude of job stress according to working condition, and to examine its impact on employees' health outcomes. Data were from the ‘2006 Korean Working Condition Survey’. A total of 6,793 waged employees who aged 20 years and over, and were working at least for one year. Job stress consists of seven domains, hazardous working environment(11 items), physical overload(5 items),work demand(5 items), lack of job control(5 items), job insecurity(1 item),insufficient reward(4 items) and emotional labor( 1 item). Seven domains of job stress were categorized into three group using the tertile(low risk group,moderate group, and high risk group). Ill health (adverse health outcome) was categorized into physical, psychological, and occupational injury during the past one year. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between job stress and ill health. All statistics were analyzed using the PASW (ver 18.0), a p<0.05 was considered significant. As a result, 22.7-35.1% of total sample were the high risk group of job stress according to the working condition. The proportion of the high risk group was higher in female than in male. In logistic regression analysis, it was found that job stress was associated with physical and psychological ill health, and occupational injuries after adjustment for the demographcs, job characteristics, and health-related behaviors. In male employees, job stress is more likely to increase the risk of general ill health (OR: 1.51~2.54), physical ill health(OR: 1.56~2.57),psychological ill health(OR: 1.87~2.33), and occupational injuries(OR: 1.78~3.30). In female, job stress is more likely to increase the risk of general ill health(OR:1.56~2.79), physical ill health(OR: 1.40~3.14), psychological ill health(OR:1.47~2.79), and occupational injuries(OR: 2.46~6.39). This result suggests that job stress plays a pivotal role in developing ill health and occupational injuriy. Therefore, it is recommended to make an endeavor to reduce job stress and psychological burden of employees. 이번 연구는 근로환경에 따라 직무스트레스를 세분화하여 근로자의 어떠한 건강이상과 관련 있는가를 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 ‘2006년 취업자 근로환경’ 조사자료를 활용하여 취업기간이 1년 이상인 전국의 만 20세 이상 임금 근로자 6,973명을 대상으로 하였다. 직무스트레스는 위해작업환경, 신체적 부담, 직무요구도, 직무자율성결여, 직업불안정, 보상부적절, 감정노동 등 7개 영역에 대하 조사하였고, 각 직무 스트레스 영역은 3분위수에 의거 저, 중, 고 3집단으로 분류하였으며, 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하여 건강이상 간의 교차비를 구하였다. 분석 결과, 근로환경에 따른 고위험 직무스트레스 노출 근로자는 위해작업환경 35.1%, 신체적 부담34.4%, 직무요구도 35.1%, 직무자율성결여 37.8%, 직업불안정 37.8%, 보상부적절 25.2%, 감정노동22.7%였다. 근로자의 사회인구학적 특성, 직업특성, 건강행태를 보정한 후 근로환경별 고위험 직무스트레스와 건강이상과의 교차비를 분석한 결과, 남성 근로자의 전반적인 건강은 1.51배~2.54배, 육체적 건강1.56배~2.57배, 정신적 건강 1.87배~2.33배, 손상 1.78배~3.30배 높았으며, 여성근로자의 전반적인 건강은 1.56베~2.79배 육체적 건강 1.40배~3.14배, 정신적 건강 1.47배~2.79배, 손상 2.46배~6.39배 높았다. 근로자가 어떠한 근로환경에 노출되어 있느냐에 따라 직무스트레스 수준 및 건강이상에 영향을 미치게 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 업무 중 주로 노출되는 근로환경에 따른 근로자의 신체적, 정신적 긴장감 완화와 심리적 부담감을 줄이기기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

공중보건학을 수강하는 대학생의 건강증진생활 실천도

이향님 ( Hyang Nim Lee ),심형순 ( Hyung Sun Shim ) 한국치위생학회 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing on health promotion behaviors in public health course of college students. Methods: Subjects were 325 dental hygiene students and they completed self-reported questionnaires including health promotion behaviors, self efficacy, self esteem, and general characteristics from May 13 to 24, 2013. Students were recruited by sample convenience extraction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: Health promotion behaviors were closely related to concern for health care (p<0.001) and concern for health related goods (p<0.01). High self-efficacy and high self-esteem showed concern for health care (p<0.001). 2. Health promotion behaviors had significantly positive correlation with self efficacy, self esteem, and perceived health condition. 3. The most powerful predictor in health promotion behaviors was self efficacy. Self efficacy, self esteem, and major, concern for health-related goods, perceived health condition accounted for 40.8% of the total variance in health promotion behaviors. Conclusions: The result revealed that undergraduate students should take exercise and diet control for their health. Self-efficacy is the most important predictor of health promotion behaviors. Health promotion behavior programs should put emphasis on exercise and diet control and can be improved by behavioral change.

알코올 의존자 부인의 공동의존 정도와 자아존중감 및 건강상태에 대한 연구

이경우 혜전대학 2002 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Alcohol dependency is one of the representative problems of mental health not only affecting the physical health, social and psychological functions of the alcoholics but also causing damages to their family and society. This researcher felt keenly that the wives who are closely related to and have a great influence on their alcoholic husbands need the professional and systematic nursing intervention. Codependency was identified as a close relationship with dysfunctional significant others or systems. The concept of codependency is being used increasingly by professionals in the mental health as an useful concept. However, this concept is not familiar among Korean nursing society. The purpose of this study is to find out the degree and thei's correlation of codependency, self-esteem, and health conditions of the wives of alcoholics. The data were collected from May 17th, 1999 to August 27th, 2001 and the number of participants for this study were 31. They were living with the alcoholic husbands who were in the mental hospitals, registered in the public health centers or mental health centers. And the data were analysed by frequency, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, and F-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1)The average scores of codependency of the wives of alcoholics were 42.47, which showed us the 'High' level of codependency. The average scores of self-esteem were 34.26, which showed us the 'Low' level of self-esteem. The average scores of mental health were 103.74, which show us the 'Low' level of mental health. 2)The most wives had the serious physical health problems, such as severe fatigue, headache, arthritis, arthralgia, neuralgia, toothache, back pain, gastritis, duodenal ulcer, hysterical convulsion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Hwua byung. 3)The relation between the codependency and the mental health showed significant positive correlation, the codependency and the self-esteem showed significant negative correlation, the mental health and the self-esteem showed significant negative correlation. 4)The result of investigation of the codependency, self-esteem, mental health according to the general characteristics of the wives of alcoholics showed significant difference in standard of education, physical disorder, satisfaction in marital life, satisfaction in interpersonal relationship, satisfaction in familial relationship at the codependency, significant difference in economic status, physical disorder, satisfaction in marital life, satisfaction in interpersonal relationship, satisfaction in familial relationship at the self-esteem and the mental health. The above results tell us that the wives of alcoholics require the help of the professionals as much as the alcoholics. According to the existing approaches at the fields of mental health in Korea, the alcoholics themselves only are in the primary concerns of the health professionals and the families of alcoholics are in the secondary concerns of them. However, the results of this study were to show that their families as well as the alcoholics must be the important primary objects for nursing. Accordingly this study would be very helpful for nurses to develop the nursing program for the wives of alcoholics.

1인가구의 건강관련 습관적 소비, 생활시간이 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향: 비1인가구와 세대별 비교를 중심으로

하지경 ( Ji Kyeung Ha ),이성림 ( Seonglim Lee ) 대한가정학회 2017 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.55 No.2

Recently, one-person households have surpassed nuclear families. One-person households are expected to have many problems with health due to an irregular life style and a tendency to be more isolated from society. In addition, we need to divide the generations and survey each generation due to differences in one-person household factors and characteristics as well as the unique physical conditions of each generation. Therefore, based on the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this survey examined health behavior differences between one-person households and non-one-person households according to generation (respectively) as well as studied how one-person households and health behavior influence subjective health conditions. The major result of this survey is as follows. First, one-person households reveal a higher rate in the negative health behavior than non-one-person households. Second, the physical activity of all households reveals a high rate of non-activity. Third, health scores of one-person households are lower than that of non-one-person households; consequently, the analysis of health scores for one-person households and non-one-person households indicated that the middle age health scores for one-person households have been lowest in generations. Fourth, the factors that influence subjective health conditions indicated that one-person household and health behavior has meaningful influence; in addition, the subjective health condition of one-person households are lower than non-one-person households under controlled health behavior.

USA Evidence on the Relation between Health Insurance, Outpatient Services and Inpatient Services for Children ACSC

Kim, Yangkyun,Sung, Jooho 한국보험학회 2004 保險學會誌 Vol.69 No.-

본 연구는 미국 의료심사원에서 공표한 실제데이터(MEPS96)를 의료보험통계분석 소프트웨어인 SUDAAN에 적용하여 심각한 질병상태는 아니지만 통근치료가 필요한 질환상태 ACSC(Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions: 중이염, 세균감염, 피부염, 위장염 등)에 있는 18세 이하 어린이들의 외래통근치료 빈도, 입원 빈도 및 평균 입원일수 등을 종속변수로, 이에 영향을 미치는 주요 경제적 요인(사보험가입 여부, 국영보험가입 여부, 가정의 여부, 주거지역 등), 인구통계적 요인(연령, 인종, 성별) 그리고 건강상태(건강체, 표준체, 미달체 등) 등을 독립변수로 두어, 다변량분석 및 다중회귀분석을 수행함으로써 이들간의 상호 인과 관련성을 검증하였다. 우리는 민영건강보험시장 및 국민건강보험의 발전 방향 수립에 참조가 될 수 있는 다음과 같은 주요 시사점들을 도출하였다: 첫째, 사보험가입상태, 국영보험가입상태 및 비보험상태 순으로 외래통근치료 빈도와 양의 상호관련성이 높았으며, 둘째 입원 빈도와 평균입원 일수 등은 모두 외래 통근 치료 빈도와 음의 상호관련성이 있으며, 셋째 유아기(0세-5세)는 청소년기(6세-18세)에 비하여 공통적으로 통근치료 빈도, 입원 빈도 및 평균입된 일수 모두 높음을 알 수 있다. 특히 유아기의 입원빈도 및 평균입원일수는 청소년기에 비해 약 3배 이상 높게 산출되고 있다. 이는 생명표상에 유아기 사망률이 높게 나타나고 있음과 깊은 상관관계가 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 국민건강보험 및 민영건강보험의 보험적용범위를 유아기 질병 조기진단 방향으로 확대 적용할 필요성이 있으며, 이는 궁극적으로 질병악화로 인한 고액 의료비 지출을 조기에 차단하는 재정안정화 효과와 더 나아가 인구구조의 고령화 속도를 지연하는 간접적 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 대한 국내 실증적 분석은 향후 연구과제로 두고자 한다. The purpose of the study is to identify influence of health insurance status on ambulatory care (outpatient) visits as primary care accessibility and on hospitalization as health outcome caused by lack of primary care accessibility, arid to explore the factors affecting outpatient visits, hospitalization caused by lack of outpatient visits. One of indicators to identify the relationship between access to health care service caused by health insurance status and health service utilization is Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC), which are conditions that when timely and effectively treated in the outpatient setting can help reduce the risk of hospitalizations by preventing onset of an illness. The study chooses ACSC to test the relationship the lack of primary care and hospitalization among diseases. We use the available recent health care survey data (i.e. 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey; MEPS96). We find out the positive relationship between hospitalization and no health insurance, and the negative relationship between outpatient visit and no health insurance. This indicates that reducing accessibility for outpatient visit caused by no health insurance results in increasing hospitalization. Furthermore, this result strongly suggests that the uninsured children is actually not able to care in early disease stage so that they are likely to hospitalization when their disease was more sever and then they need long stay for cure. As a result, fortifying the accessibility to necessary health care in a way of sharing appropriately the role with private health insurance can lead to the efficiency of national health care delivery systems in view of total health care expenditure, in particular in a case of ACSC children. Additionally, this kind of health policy may be expected to reform gradually the population structure such as aging, aged and super-aged society.