Effects of isoflavone supplementation on the bone mineral density of growing female rats

Hyun-Ju Jo,Mi-Ja Choi 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.2

This study was focused on whether or not isoflavones affect the increase in bone mineral density of growing females. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (60 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned to two groups and provided control diets (control group) or isoflavone-supplemented diet (IF group, 57.8 mg isoflavones/100 g diet) for 9 weeks in growing female rats. Measurements of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Mineral Content (BMC) on the experimental animals were executed in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP>, 6<SUP>th</SUP>, 9<SUP>th</SUP> weeks. In result, there was no significant difference in spine BMD between the isoflavones supplemented group and the control group. But, the IF group tended to have higher BMD than the control group in between 3 and 9 experimental weeks, and the striking difference could be shown in the 6<SUP>th</SUP> week of feeding. In case of femur BMD, the effects of added isoflavones appeared in the 6<SUP>th</SUP> week of feeding, and it became intensified in the 9<SUP>th</SUP> week of feeding to the extent that the BMD in the IF group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, isoflavone supplementation increased spine BMD per weight in the 6<SUP>th</SUP> week of feeding, and affected the increase of femur BMD in the 9<SUP>th</SUP> week. The result of the experiment implies that it affects positively the formation of spine and femur BMD of growing female rats. The study also suggests that the effects of isoflavone on the pattern of BMD formation might differ from the parts of bones.

4주간 알코올 섭취가 성장기 흰쥐의 근육 위축에 미치는 영향

배상훈 ( Sanghoon Bae ),노성환 ( Sunghwan No ),박재용 ( Jaeyong Park ),송영주 ( Youngju Song ) 한국산업식품공학회 2018 산업 식품공학 Vol.22 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic alcohol supplementation on muscle atrophy in growing rats. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: CG group (control group, n=9) and AG group (alcohol supplemented group, n=9). Alcohol group (3 g/kg BW) was orally supplemented every day. After the experimental period, serum components and muscle Akt, p-Akt, FoxO, p-FoxO, MuRF1, and P38 protein expressions were analyzed. In the results, the values of EDL and soleus muscle weights of AG group did not have significant differences compared to the value of the CG group. In the serum components, the value of the serum TG concentration of AG group was significantly increased compared to the value of the CG group. The value of the p-Akt/Akt and p-FoxO/FoxO of the AG group was significantly decreased compared to the value of the CG group (p<0.01). The MuRF1 protein expression of AG group was significantly increased compared to the value of the CG group (p<0.01). However, the values of p-P38/P38 between two groups did not have any significant difference. From these results, it was suggested that 4 weeks of chronic alcohol supplementation induced muscle atrophy via activated protein degradation pathway involving the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and increased FoxO and MuRF1 protein expression of muscle in growing rats.

성장기 암컷 쥐에서 Arginine 첨가가 골밀도에 미치는 영향

최미자(Choi Mi-Ja) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.3

The aim of this study was to define an arginine effect when added to a diet. The influence of arginine supplements on bone mineral density and content were studied in young female Sprague-Dawley rats fed either an arginine supplemented diet or control diet. Twenty four rats (body weight 83 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, consuming casein or casein with supplemented arginine diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PlXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur 3, 6, and 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Diet did not affect weight gain and mean food intake. The serum concentration of Ca and P were not changed by arginine supplementation. Urinary Ca excretion was significantly decreased by arginine supplementation. Spine BMO was significantly increased by arginine supplementation on 3 and 6 weeks after feeding. Femur BMD was significantly increased in the group of arginine supplementation on 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Rats fed the arginine-supplemented diet had better bone mineral content than did control diet rats in the experimental period. Therefore, arginine supplementation may be beneficial on spine and femur BMD increment in growing female rats. These are thought to be associated with an arginine-induced growth hormone release. The exact mechanism of this effect remains to be elucidated. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(3): 235~241)

성장기 쥐에서 isoflavone 섭취와 운동이 혈 중 지질에 미치는 영향

정지원 ( Ji Won Jung ),최미자 ( Mi Ja Choi ) 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of isoflavone and exercise on blood lipids in growing rats. Twenty female, Sprague-Dawley female rats (age 28 days) were assigned to four groups, that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (swimming or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or casein with isoflavone. The exercise group swam 30 minutes three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly altered with exercise nor isoflavones consumption. However, a trend toward lowered cholesterol level was observed after exercise or isoflavone consumption, but results did not attain statistical significance. Although the effects were small, it is possible that isoflavone may contribute to a lower risk of coronary heart disease if consumed over many years in conjunction with exercise. And the exercise group appears to have a significantly lower triglyceride compared to nonexercise group. And exercise combined with isoflavone group had significantly lower triglyceride compared to exercise with casein group. The results indicate that exercise combined with isoflavone had a positive influence on blood triglyceride. It can be concluded that exercise combined with an isoflavone is most beneficial for control blood triglyceride in young growing rats.

Effect of Soy Protein and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Growing Male Rats

Park, Mi-Ja Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2004 Journal of community nutrition Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing male rats. Forty male, Sprague-Dawley rats(age 21 days) were assigned to four groups that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (treadmill running or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or soy with rich isoflavones (3.4mg/g protein). The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30min) three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), total body calcium, spine BMD and BMC, and femur BMD and BMC were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The soy diet group appears to have a significantly higher total BMD/weight and total BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight, spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight compared to the casein group in nonexercise and exercise. The exercise group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight compared to the nonexercise group when the protein source was casein. The exercise combined soy group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight, compared to the exercise combined casein group. The results indicate that exercise had a positive influence on bone mineral density and bone mineral content and soy significantly affect on bone mineral density and bone mineral content for the 9 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that exercise combined with a soy diet is most beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing male rats. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in life style such as increasing exercise and consumption of soy protein is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of osteoporosis.

Induced Cortical Drift and Increased Bone Formation by Resistance Exercise Training in Growing Male Rats

( Sang Jik Lee ),( Toshitaka Nakamura ),( Hyung Ryul Kim ),( Masashige Suzuki ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2003 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.15 No.1

Effects of strenuous resistance exercise training on hindlimb bone formation and resorption were studied in growing male rats. Fifty-three Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 weeks of age, were assigned to control and training groups. Resistance training consisted of squatting at 75% of one repetition maximum for 150 squat/day and 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 0 (start), 4, and 8 weeks of the training period. Bone mineral value was measured in the femur middiaphysis and the tibia proximal metaphysis by DXA(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). Using histomorphometric analysis, bone mass, structure and bone cellular parameters were estimated in secondary spongiosa of the tibial metaphysis and in periosteal and endocortical site of midfemur. As compared with the age-matched control group, significant increases in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in femur and tibia were apparent after 4 weeks of resistance training. In tibial proximal metaphysis, bone formation rate/bone volume (BFR/BV) significantly increased after 4 weeks of resistance training but the number of osteoclast number/bone surface (Oc.N/BS) and osteoclast surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS) was significantly decreased. In femoral middiaphysis, endocortical mineral apposition rate (MAR) significantly decreased after 4 weeks of resistance training, leading to an enlargement of bone marrow area. On the contrary, periosteal MAR and BFR/BV were increased, resulting in increased cross-sectional and cortical bone area. In conclusion, resistance training in young growing rats (1) increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption in the tibial metaphysis, and (2) enhanced the exercise-induced cortical modeling drift in midfemur.

성장기 쥐에서 이소플라본 첨가수준이 골밀도 및 골함량에 미치는 영향

최미자,정윤정 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2005 科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of isoflavones supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing female Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-seven rats were divided into three groups casein diet, casein+1/2IF(1.7 mg isoflavones/g protein)diet, and casein+IF(3.4mg isoflavones/g protein) diet. All rats has been fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) were measured using PIXImus(GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA.) in spine and femur on 9 weeks after feeding. Diet did not affect weight gain and mean food intake. Food efficiency ratio was lower in casein +IF groups. The casein+IF and casein+1/2IF group had significantly higher spine and femur bone mineral density than the casein group. We found that bone mineral density effected by isoflavones supplementation has been resulted differently in accordance with the type of bone. Therefore, isoflavones supplementation may be beneficial on spine and femur BMD increasement in growing female rats.

Effect of Exercise and Calcium Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Growing Female Rats

Park, Mi-Ja The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2002 Journal of community nutrition Vol.4 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary calcium supplementation and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing female rats. The exercise and control group were fed a diet containing 0.5% calcium and Ca supplementation group were fed a diet containing 1.0% calcium diet. The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill (speed of 15m/min for 30 min) three days per week during the 3-week study period. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of spine and femur were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The exercise group had significantly greater (6.25%) spine BMD compared to the nonexercise group and the exercise group had but not significantly greater spine BMC (7.1%) compared to nonexercisers. Femur BMD and BMC divided by the rats final body weight appears to have a higher BMD (7.5%) and BMC (4.5%) in the exercise group, which indicates that exercise had a positive influence on femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content. The supplementation of calcium did not significantly affect spine and femoral BMC and BMD for the 3 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that when calcium intake meets the recommended, exercise is beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing female rats. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 195∼201, 2002)

Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Lipid Profiles and Hepatic LDL Receptor mRNA Level in Growing Female Rats

Jo, Hyun-Ju,Choi, Mi-Ja,Yoo, Min The Korean Nutrition Society 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.2

The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic IDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic IDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-tenn control of serum lipid.

Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Lipid Profiles and Hepatic LDL Receptor mRNA Level in Growing Female Rats

Hyun Ju Jo,Mi Ja Choi,Min Yoo 한국영양학회 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.2

The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets tor 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic LDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-term control of serum lipid.