Genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian regional horses with 14 microsatellite markers

윤지혜,Oyungerel Baatartsogt,공홍식 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.8

Objective: This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian horse populations according to the province of residence (Khentii, KTP; Uvs, USP; Omnogovi and Dundgovi, GOP; Khovsgol, KGP) using 14 microsatellite (MS) markers. Methods: A total of 269 whole blood samples were obtained from the four populations (KTP, USP, GOP, KGP) geographically distinct provinces. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using 14 MS markers (AHT4, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, and VHL20), as recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. Capillary electrophoresis was conducted using the amplified PCR products, alleles were determined. Alleles were used for statistical analysis of genetic variability, Nei’s DA genetic distance, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), factorial corresponding analysis (FCA), and population structure. Results: On average, the number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (HExp), observed heterozygosity (HObs), and polymorphic information content among all populations were 11.43, 0.772, 0.757, and 0.737, respectively. In the PCoA and FCA, GOP, and KGP were genetically distinct from other populations, and the KTP and USP showed a close relationship. The two clusters identified using Nei’s DA genetic distance analysis and population structure highlighted the presence of structurally clear genetic separation. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that genetic diversity between KTP and USP was low, and that between GOP and KGP was high. It is thought that these results will help in the effective preservation and improvement of Mongolian horses through genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic relationships. Objective: This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian horse populations according to the province of residence (Khentii, KTP; Uvs, USP; Omnogovi and Dundgovi, GOP; Khovsgol, KGP) using 14 microsatellite (MS) markers.Methods: A total of 269 whole blood samples were obtained from the four populations (KTP, USP, GOP, KGP) geographically distinct provinces. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using 14 MS markers (AHT4, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, and VHL20), as recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. Capillary electrophoresis was conducted using the amplified PCR products, alleles were determined. Alleles were used for statistical analysis of genetic variability, Nei’s DA genetic distance, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), factorial corresponding analysis (FCA), and population structure.Results: On average, the number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (H_Exp), observed heterozygosity (H_Obs), and polymorphic information content among all populations were 11.43, 0.772, 0.757, and 0.737, respectively. In the PCoA and FCA, GOP, and KGP were genetically distinct from other populations, and the KTP and USP showed a close relationship. The two clusters identified using Nei’s DA genetic distance analysis and population structure highlighted the presence of structurally clear genetic separation.Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that genetic diversity between KTP and USP was low, and that between GOP and KGP was high. It is thought that these results will help in the effective preservation and improvement of Mongolian horses through genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic relationships.

기술발전에 대응한 DTC 유전자검사 법제의 개선방향

박대웅, 류화신 충북대학교 법학전문대학원 법학연구소 2008 과학기술과 법 Vol.10 No.2

Lower costs of genetic testing, social interest and high added value for genes, and increased awareness of right to informational self-determination are driving DTC genetic testing. However, the problems inherent in the genetic test, such as difficulty in interpretation and risk of leakage of results, and the additional problems of the DTC genetic testing such as expanding the items to be tested, the securing of procedural safety, and the protection of personal information in commercial use need to be considered. Korea permits DTC genetic testing centered on wellness and is attempting to expand testing items to certification pilot projects and regulatory sandboxes. Global bans don't match the trends of the times, and countries that allow them entirely recognize the need for some level of regulation. In this situation, we need to pay attention to the case of the US, which is gradually expanding the items of the DTC genetic testing based on scientific evidence. Based on these discussions, this paper derives a direction to improve the legislation on DTC genetic testing. Efforts should be made to escalate the test items on a scientific basis, to supplement the genetic counseling process, and to minimize regulatory differences between countries. In order to guarantee the right to informational self-determination, individuals should be given the right to manage their own genetic information. The state needs to focus on establishing a system for the protection of sensitive personal information, the genetic information, and for the correct interpretation of test results. When the legislation is complete and the general citizens' awareness of genetic testing improves, DTC genetic testing can be used universally as a means of healthy living.

유전상담 전문간호사 교육프로그램 개발에 대한 문헌고찰

김미영,변영순,윤희상 대한기초간호자연과학회 2005 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: With post-Genome Project, nurses must be able to incorporate genetic knowledge into their practice. The purpose of the present study aimed at providing the basic information needed to establish an education program for the training of nurses specialized in genetic counseling by comparing and analyzing the education contents in genetics of the various domestic and foreign nursing education institutions, identifying the problems of the existing programs, and investigating the current state of domestic genetic counseling programs. Result: The results of literature review were summarized as follows: Common curricula contents in Korea, Japan and U.S.A. were basic genetic knowledge, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. However, In Korea the curriculum was not included legal, ethical, and social issues. In U.S.A. the course was focused on health promotion related to genetics. The expanded role of nurses is to provide the genetic counseling for clients and their families. So, this articles provided a sample of the new genetic counseling program for nurses which are included basic genetics, genetic counseling, nurse's role and knowledge, legal, ethical, social issues and practicum. Conclusion: this study suggests that this educational program is to brought up genetic specialized nurses in the master's course in the near future.

유전자연구에 있어서 제기되는 관련 당사자의 기본권

김수갑(Kim, Su-Kab) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

본고에서는 현대 인권형성의 새로운 동력으로서 평가되기도 하는 유전학적 연구, 특히 인간을 대상으로 하는 유전학적 연구에 있어서 제기되는 인권 내지 기본권의 문제를 다루었다. 인간유전학의 발전이 기본권차원에서 어떠한 의미를 가지는지, 그리고 이러한 새로운 지식에 대하여 ‘전통적인’ 기본권이 어느 정도 대답을 할 수 있는지, 그리고 새로운 기본권해석은 가능한지를 고찰하는 것은 매우 의미있는 일이라 생각한다. 유전자연구에 있어서 관련당사자로서 연구자 측인 학자와 이러한 연구를 의학에 적용하는 의사를 비롯한 의료인이 한 축이 될 수 있으며, 한편 유전자연구의 대상이 되는 개인(지원자 및 환자)과 그의 유전적 친척이 그 나머지 축을 이룬다. 학자나 의료인의 측면에서의 기본권으로는 우선 학문･연구의 자유의 문제가 제기될 수 있다. 그러나 직접 유전자연구의 대상이 되는 개인과 영향을 받을 수밖에 없는 유전적 친척의 측면에서 제기되는 기본권의 문제는 기존의 기본권적 관점만으로는 해결하기 어려운 과제를 우리에게 던져 주고 있다. 유전자 연구에 자발적으로 참여하거나 유전자치료(gene therapy) 및 줄기세포연구에 참가하거나 또는 의학적 배경에서 유전자검사의 의무를 지는 개인에게 생기는 인권을 밝히는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 유전정보는 모든 인간에 의하여 크고 작은 정도로 공유되기 때문에 집단이익과 미래세대의 이익도 유전학에 있어서는 중요하다. 그러므로 유전학에 있어서는 개인뿐만 아니라 집단이익을 보호하는 법리 구성이 필요하다. 본고에서는 먼저 유전학적 연구 영역과 발전현황을 간략히 살펴보고, 유전자 연구의 대상이 되는 개인과 유전적 친척에게서 제기될 수 있는 인권 내지 기본권을 중심으로 고찰하고자 한다. 유전학에 있어서 지원자(candidate)의 인권에서는 인권의 새로운 근거로서 유전적 동일성(Genetic Identity)의 보호, 유전 프라이버시에 대한 권리, 유전적 다양성의 보호(인간게놈의 집단화)를 다루고, 유전적 친척(relatives)의 이익을 보호하기 위한 법적 구성에서는 유전검사의 결과의 공개 문제와 역학연구에 있어서 권리부여(entitlement)의 집단화 문제를 다루었다. This study deals with human rights emerging in genetic research(especially, human genetics) which is evaluated as the new 'engine' of modern construction of human rights. The parties concerned in genetic research are constituted with researcher/ physician on the one hand and patient/genetic relatives on the other hand. This study aims to identify the human rights accruing to the individual volunteering in genetic research, participating gene therapy and stem cell research, or undertaking genetic testing in medical settings. However, because genetic information is shared to a lesser or greater extent by all human beings, group interests and the interests of future generations are at stake in genetics. A coherent legal construction is therefore needed that protects not only individual but also group interests in genetics. The content of this thesis is as follows. Part 1 sketched the research sphere and development situation of genetics. In Part 2, I analyzed the protection of genetic identity as new rationale for human rights, the right to genetic privacy, protection of genetic diversity as candidate human rights in genetics. Thereafter, in part 3, I explored. the legal construction at hand to protect the interests of genetic groups.

간호학생을 위한 메타버스기반 유전상담 교육프로그램의 개발 및 효과

서미선 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 2024 Nursing and Health Issues(NHI) Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a metaverse-based, genetic-counseling education program (MGEP) for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a one-group, pretest-posttest design. Between November and December 2022, fifty-seven nursing students of a university in J city were recruited. The program was developed utilizing the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development implementation, and evaluation. The MGEP, comprising lectures and case-based practice, was conducted as four 50-minute sessions, over the course of two weeks. Genetics knowledge and self-efficacy in genetic counseling were measured using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 through descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results: After MGEP, there was a significant improvement in nursing students’ knowledge of genetics (t=−6.26, p<.001) and self-efficacy in genetic counseling (t=−6.86, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the MGEP successfully improved nursing students’ knowledge of genetics and self-efficacy in genetic counseling. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a metaverse-based, genetic-counseling education program (MGEP) for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a one-group, pretest-posttest design. Between November and December 2022, fifty-seven nursing students of a university in J city were recruited. The program was developed utilizing the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development implementation, and evaluation. The MGEP, comprising lectures and case-based practice, was conducted as four 50-minute sessions, over the course of two weeks. Genetics knowledge and self-efficacy in genetic counseling were measured using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 through descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results: After MGEP, there was a significant improvement in nursing students’ knowledge of genetics (t=−6.26, p<.001) and self-efficacy in genetic counseling (t=−6.86, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the MGEP successfully improved nursing students’ knowledge of genetics and self-efficacy in genetic counseling. Key Words: Genetic counseling, Metaverse, Genetic knowledge, Self-efficacy, Nursing

Genetic stability observed in third-generation progeny trial of Acacia mangium : the importance of genotype by environment interaction assessment in advance generation breeding strategy

Nirsatmanto Arif,Sunarti Sri,Putri Asri Insiana,Haryjanto Liliek,Kartikawati Noor Khomsah,Herawan Toni,Lestari Fajar,Pudjiono Sugeng,Rimbawanto Anto 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.4

The breeding program for Acacia mangium has entered advanced-generation breeding cycles through adopting a recurrent selection system and a sub-lining breeding population. Genetic variation changes along the successive generations could affect its genetic stability on wide ranges of sites. The aim of this study is to observe genetic stability in third-gener- ation progeny trials of A. mangium established at three different sites in Indonesia. Analysis was conducted, including single-site and multi-sites analyses for height, diameter, and stem forking that were grouped into two sets of analysis based on the genetic background of the trial: SET01 for the single sub-line and SET02 for the composite sub-lines. Index selection for multiple-traits was then used to identify the family changing ranks for multiple-traits and genetic gain prediction. The results showed that the recurrent selection system adopted in the breeding strategy for single-site analysis could maintain sufficient genetic variance of A. mangium in the third-generation progeny trial. Family heritability was moderate to high for almost all traits. However, a strong genetic-environment interaction (G � E) exists in multi- sites analysis for the single sub-line population (SET01), indicating a less sufficient genetic variation and a low Type B genetic correlation in anticipating a wider range of environment. On the contrary, compositing selected family from several sub-lines (SET02) could diminish the strength of G � E and increase Type B correlation. Selection and genetic gain prediction could be more effective in multi-sites analysis for SET02, but it was less effective for SET01. The results imply that adopting a recurrent selection system in advanced-generation breed- ing of A. mangium should consider structuring the breeding population. It could be prac- ticed by compositing selected superior families from several sub-lines into one breeding population to maintain high genetic stability, while increasing genetic diversity and productivity.

교사들이 가지는 사람의 행동적 특징에 대한 유전자 결정론적 인식

윤세진 ( Se Jin Youn ),서혜애 ( Hae Ae Seo ) 한국과학교육학회 2014 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.34 No.4

유전자 결정론은 유전자가 인간의 생물학적인 특성 뿐 아니라 사회적인 특성까지도 결정한다고 보는 철학적 견해이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 일반대중과 생명과학자들이 유전자 결정론을 주장하곤 한다. 클레몽의 KVP모델에 의하면(Clement & Carvalho, 2007; Castera & Clement, 2012) 과학교육에서 교사들의 유전자 결정론은 학생들의 유전에 대한 개념 형성에 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 교사들이 가지고 있는 유전자 결정론에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구(Castera & Clement, 2012)의 설문지를 번역하여 생명과학, 국어 및 초등학교의 예비교사 151명, 현직교사 157명의 총 308명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 응답결과에 대해 요인분석을 활용하여 주요 요인들을 추출하였으며 일원분산분석을 실시하여 교사 집단별 요인들의 차이를 분석하였다. 요인분석 결과 4개의 요인이 추출되었는데, 요인1은 남녀의 차이가 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점, 요인2는 개인의 지적능력이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점, 요인3은 개인의 면역작용과 행동적 특징이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점이었으며, 요인4는 민족의 특징이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점이었다. 이 네 가지 요인에 대한 전공교과 집단별 인식 차이를 분석한 일원분산분석 결과 요인1(F=3.325, p=.006), 요인3(F=3.320, p=.006), 요인4(F=4.325, p=.001)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 사후 비교를 한 결과 생명과학 교사와 다른 교사들 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 현직교사와 예비교사로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 요인1(t=-3.938, p=.000)과 요인4(t=-3.121, p=.002)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났는데 예비교사보다 현직교사가 더 유전자 결정론적 인식이 강했다. 네 요인에 대한 교사들의 종교별 차이를 분석한 결과에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Genetic determinism of human behaviors is considered as a philosophical perspective that genes in humans determine biological as well as social traits. However, many biologists agree that human traits are determined by interactions between genes and genes, as well as between genes and environments. In this context, genetic determinism still affect ideas of the general public as well as research directions of biologists. According to Clement`s KVP model (Castera & Clement, 2012), teachers` conceptions of genetic determinism influence students` concepts of genetics. This study intends to investigate teachers` conceptions on genetic determinism of human behaviors. For this end, a questionnaire adopted from a previous research (Castera & Clement, 2012) has been administered to 308 teachers including 151 pre-service and 157 in-service. Factor analysis has been conducted to extract major factors and one-way ANOVA has been employed to find out differences in extracted factors among different groups of teachers. Four factors have been extracted from 14 items of questionnaire, including factor 1, a perspective of genetic determinism of gender differences in intellectual ability, social status, and emotional traits; factor 2, a perspective of genetic determinism of individual differences in intellectual ability; factor 3, a perspective of genetic determinism of individual differences in biological immune function and behavioral trait; and factor 4, a perspective of genetic determinism of ethnic differences. From the results of One-way ANOVA among teacher groups on four factors, first, it has shown a significant difference in factor 1 (F=3.325, p=.006), factor 3 (F=3.320, p=.006) and factor 4 (F=4.325, p=.001) due to their subject matters. In post-hoc comparison there have been no significant difference between biology teachers and other teachers. It has also been found that there was a significant difference between pre-service and in-service teachers in factor 1 (t=-3.938, p=.000) and factor 4 (t=-3.121, p=.002) and in-service teachers are more genetic deterministic than pre-service teachers. Finally, different religions have no influence on teachers` conceptions of genetic determinism of human behaviors.

Novel SSR Marker Development and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cinnamomum Camphora Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Yongda Zhong,Zhiting Li,Shujuan Liu,Aihong Yang,Lipan Liu,Yanqiang Li,Meng Xu,Faxin Yu 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.09

Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) is an evergreen broad-leaved tree and distributed in the south of China and Japan. This species has been widely cultivated in many countries because of its aromatic oils, insect-repellent effects and ornamental value. Despite its vast utilization and cultivation, little is known about its genetic diversity and population genetics. To date, only a few genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed in C. camphora and no genic-SSR primers were available yet. Thus, it is necessary to develop more genic-SSR markers, which will facilitate the genetic studies of Cinanamomum. In this study, a total of 74,289 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found in 56,124 unigenes, of which 14,225 unigenes contained more than one SSR locus. Among these SSR loci, the mono-nucleotide repeats were the most frequent, with a frequency of 61.14%, followed by 24.87% di-nucleotide repeats and 12.87% tri-nucleotide repeats. Twenty-one polymorphic SSR markers were developed and validated in 45 camphor trees. The 21 loci were further examined for genetic diversity of 38 provenances, 190 individuals in the whole natural distribution area of camphor tree in China. The results showed that 74 polymorphic sites were detected with average 2.74 polymorphic were detected for each prime. The means of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.4446 and 0.4419, respectively. Nei's and Shannon’s information index for these populations were 0.4400 and 0.7193, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient of 38 provenances was between 0.05 and 0.95, with an average of 0.17.The smallest genetic distance is JXWY and JXRJ and the genetic distance between JXTG and GZDZ was the largest. Cluster analysis in 0.88 genetic distance can divide into five groups. Jiangxi provenances clustered into two groups, of which JXAY grouped into one group and other provenances grouped into another group. Other provenances of China grouped three small branches: CQYY and HNHH, GZDZ and SCLZ, and other provenances. The clustering results showed that the genetic components of camphor tree in China had obvious regional features. The analysis of molecular variance exhibited that 77% of genetic variation was observed within the populations. The novel genic-SSR markers will not only benefit genetic diversity analysis and wild resources conservation of C. camphora, but also contribute to exploring the further evolutionary history and genetic differentiation pattern of Cinnamomum.

한라산 시로미(Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum)의 유전적 다양성 및 공간적 유전구조

최형순 ( Hyung Soon Choi ),홍경낙 ( Kyung Nak Hong ),정재민 ( Jae Min Chung ),강범용 ( Bum Yong Kang ),김원우 ( Won Woo Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.3

Black crowberry(Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum) is a low and creeping evergreen shrub that generally reaches 10~20cm in height and occurs only in Mt. Halla in South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate black crowberry`s spatial distribution type and to estimate its genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure. The study plot was 2,400㎡ (60m × 80m) in size, and a total of 189 samples were observed in the plot. Aggregation index(R=0.828) revealed that spatial pattern of this population was aggregated. Even though black crowberry is a rare and regional species, Shannon`s diversity index(I=0.531) indicated that the level of genetic diversity was higher than those of plant species with similar ecological characteristics. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using Tanimoto distance showed that the genetic patch was founded within 10m. So as to find out the genetic relationship of clumps and genets, we compared ISSR genotypes of all individuals within the population. A total of 187 unique genotypes were observed from 189 individuals, and most of clumps seemed to be separate genets.

Maternal and Direct Genetic Parameters for Production Traits and Maternal Correlations among Production and Feed Efficiency Traits in Duroc Pigs

Hoque, M.A.,Kadowaki, H.,Shibata, T.,Suzuki, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.7

Direct and maternal genetic parameters for production traits in 1,642 pigs and maternal genetic correlations among production (1,642 pigs) and feed efficiency (380 boars) traits were estimated in 7 generations of a Duroc population. Traits studied were daily gain (DG), intramuscular fat (IMF), loineye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). The RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. The predicted feed intake was estimated by adjusting the initial test weight, DG and BF. Data for production traits were analyzed using four alternative animal models (including direct, direct+maternal permanent environmental, or direct+maternal genetic+maternal permanent environmental effects). Direct heritability estimates from the model including direct and all maternal effects were $0.41{\pm}0.04$ for DG, $0.27{\pm}0.04$ for IMF, $0.52{\pm}0.06$ for LEA and $0.64{\pm}0.04$ for BF. Estimated maternal heritabilities ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.04$ to $0.15{\pm}0.05$ for production traits. Antagonistic relationships were observed between direct and maternal genetic effects ($r_{am}$) for LEA (-0.21). Maternal genetic correlations of feed efficiency traits with FI ($r_g$ of FI with FCR and RFI were $0.73{\pm}0.06$ and $0.90{\pm}0.05$, respectively) and LEA (rg of LEA with FCR and RFI were $-0.48{\pm}0.05$ to $-0.61{\pm}0.05$, respectively) were favorable. The estimated moderate genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for IMF and LEA indicated that maternal effects has an important role in these traits, and should be accounted for in the genetic evaluation system.