Seta Flash 밀폐식 장치를 이용한 n-Propanol+n-Hexanol계와 n-Butanol+n-Hexanol계의 인화점 측정

하동명 ( Dong-myeong Ha ),이성진 ( Sungjin Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2019 한국안전학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Flash point is the important indicator to determine fire and explosion hazards of liquid solutions. In this study, flash points of n-propanol+n-hexanol and n-butanol+ n-hexanol systems were obtained by Seta flash tester. The methods based on UNIFAC equation and multiple regression analysis were used to calculate flash point. The calculated flash point was compared with the experimental flash point. Absolute average errors of flash points calculated by UNIFAC equation are 2.9℃ and 0.6℃ for n-propanol+ n-hexanol and n-butanol+n-hexanol, respectively. Absolute average errors of flash points calculated by multiple regression analysis are 0.5℃ and 0.2℃ for n-propanol+ n-hexanol and n-butanol+n-hexanol, respectively. As can be seen from AAE, the values calculated by multiple regression analysis are noticed to be better than the values by the method based on UNIFAC eauation.

The Measurement of Flash Point for Binary Mixtures of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, Methylcyclohexane, Ethylbenzene and p-xylene at 101.3 kPa

In Chan Hwang,Se Jin In 한국청정기술학회 2020 청정기술 Vol.26 No.4

The Measurement of Flash Point of Water-Methanol and Water-Ethanol Systems Using Seta Flash Closed Cup Tester

하동명,박상훈,이성진 한국화재소방학회 2015 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.29 No.2

The flash point is the major property to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquid mixtures. The flash point is thelowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form a flammable air-vapor mixture. The flash points oftwo aqueous mixtures, water-methanol and water-ethanol, were measured using Seta flash closed cup tester. A predictionmethod based on activity coefficient models, Wilson and UNIQUAC equations, was used to calculate the flash point. Thecalculated flash points were compared to the results by the calculating method using Raoult’s law. The calculated valuesbased on activity coefficients models were found to be better than those based on the Raoult’s law.

이성분계 혼합물의 최소인화점 현상의 측정

홍순강,윤명오,이성진,하동명 한국화재소방학회 2011 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.25 No.3

The flash point is an important indicator of the flammability of a chemical. The minimum flash point behaviour (MFPB) is exhibited when the flash point of a mixture is below the flash points of the individual components. The identification of this behaviour is critical, because a hazardous situation results from taking the lowest component flash point value as the mixture flash point. In this study, the flash points for the n-butanol + n-decane and n-octane + n-propanol systems which exhibit MFPB, were measured by Tag open-cup apparatus. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult’s law, the van Laar equation and the Wilson equation. The calculated values based on the van Laar and Wilson equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult’s law. It was concluded that the van Laar and Wilson equations were more effective than the Raoult’ law at describing the activity coefficients for non-ideal solution such as the n-butanol + ndecane and n-octane + n-propanol systems. The predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the Wilson equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the van Laar equation. 인화점은 화학물질의 연소성의 중요한 지표이다. 최소인화점 현상은 혼합물의 인화점이 개별 성분의 인화점보다 작은 값을 보이는 현상을 의미한다. 이 현상에 대한 정보를 인지하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 혼합물의 특정 조성에서 매우 낮은 인화점을 가질 때 위험한 상황이 발생할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 최소인화점 현상을 보이는 n-butanol + n-decane 계와 n-octane + n-propanol 계의 인화점을 Tag 개방식장치(ASTM D1310-86)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험값은 Raoult의 법칙, van Laar 모델식과 Wilson 모델식에 의해 계산된 값들과 비교되었다. 그 결과, van Laar 모델식과 Wilson 모델식에 의한 예측값이Rauolt의 법칙에 의한 예측값보다 실험값에 더욱 근접하였다. 이는 n-butanol + n-decane 계와 noctane + n-propanol 계와 같은 비이상 용액의 활동도 계수값을, van Laar 및 Wilson 모델식이 Raoult의법칙보다 정확하게 계산하기 때문이다. 또한, Wilson 모델식의 실험값에 대한 모사성이 van Laar 모델식의 그것보다 우수하였다.

Seta flash 장치에 의한 n-Octane + n-Nonane계 및 n-Nonane + n-Decane계의 인화점 결정

하동명(Dong-Myeong Ha),이성진(Sungjin Lee) 한국가스학회 2020 한국가스학회지 Vol.24 No.6

인화성 액체 용액을 안전하게 저장하고 운반하기 위해서는, 인화점 정보를 알고 있는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 n-octane+n-nonane 계와 n-nonane+n-decane 계의 인화점을 Seta flash 장치로 측정하였으며, 인화점을 정확하게 예측하기 위한 경험식을 제시한다. 경험식은 n-octane+n-nonane 계와 n-nonane+n-decane 계의 인화점을 예측하기 위해 사용되었으며, 또한 Unifac 식에 기반을 둔 계산 모델과 비교하였다. Unifac 식을 이용한 예측 결과의 절대평균오차는 n-octane+n-nonane 계의 경우 0.7℃였고, n-nonane+n-decane 계의 경우 0.6℃이었다. 경험식에 의한 예측값의 절대평균오차는 n-octane+n-nonane 계의 경우 0.2℃였고, n-nonane+n-decane 계의 경우 0.4℃이었다. 결론적으로, 본 논문에서 제시된 경험식은 매우 만족한 결과를 나타내었다. In order to guarantee safe storage and transportation of a flammable liquid solution, it is very important to know its flash point information. In this paper, flash points of n-octane+n-nonane system and n-nonane+n-decane system were measured by Seta flash apparatus and an empirical equation is proposed for the accurate estimation of flash point. Empirical equation is used to predict flash point of n-octane+n-nonane system and n-nonane+n-decane system, which were also compared to Unifac-based model. Absolute average errors of flash point data predicted by Unifac-based model are 0.7℃and 0.6℃ for n-octane+n-nonane system and n-nonane n-decane system, respectively. Absolute average errors of flash point data predicted by empirical equation are 0.2℃and 0.4℃ for n-octane+n-nonane system and n-nonane+n-decane system, respectively. In conclusion, empirical equation proposed in this paper, presented the most satisfactory.

Cleveland 개방식 장치를 이용한 Acetic acid+Formic acid 계의 인화점 측정과 예측

하동명(Dong-Myeong Ha),이성진(Sungjin Lee) 한국가스학회 2013 한국가스학회지 Vol.17 No.6

인화점은 공기와 섞인 가연성 증기의 농도가 발화하기에 충분할 때의 최저 온도로, 가연성 액체 용액의 화재 및 폭발 위험성을 분석하는데 사용되는 주된 물리적 특성치이다. 단일 성분의 인화점 정보는 여러 문헌에서 얻을 수 있으나, 가연성 이성분계 혼합물의 인화점은 충분히 제공되어 있지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 이성분계 가연성 액체 혼합물인 아세트산-포름산계의 인화점을 측정하고, 산출하는 것이다. 인화점 측정은 Cleveland 개방식 장치를 사용하였고, 실험값은 van Laar 식과 Wilson 식을 활용한 최적화 기법에 의해 산출된 값과 비교하였다. 그리고 라울의 법칙에 의해 산출된 값과 비교되었다. 그 결과, 최적화 기법에 의한 산출값이 Rauolt의 법칙에 의한 산출값 보다 실험값에 보다 근접하였다. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which there is enough concentration of flammable vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air. The flash point is a major physical property used to analyse the fire and explosion hazards of a flammable liquid solution. The flash point data for pure components are easily available in several literature. But the flash points of the flammable binary solutions appear to be scarce in the literature. The objective of this study is to measure and estimate the flash point of acetic acid-formic acid system. Cleveland open cup tester was used to measure the flash point. The experimental data were compared with the values estimated by the Raoults law and the optimization methods based on van Laar and Wilson equations. As a result, the estmated values by optimization methods were found to be better than those based on the Raoults law.

Tag 개방식 장치를 활용한 n-Decane + n-Octanol계 및Acetic Acid + n-Butanol계의 인화점 측정과 계산

하동명,이성진 한국화재소방학회 2015 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.29 No.6

The flash point is one of the most important properties for characterizing the fire and explosion hazard of liquid solutions. In this study, a Tag open-cup apparatus was used to measure the flash points of two flammable binary mixtures, ndecane+ n-octanol and acetic acid + n-butanol. The flash point temperature was estimated using the UNIFAC (UniversalFunctional Activity Coefficient) group contribution model and optimization method. The experimentally derived flashpoint was also compared with the predicted flash point. The two methods can estimate the flash point fairly well for the ndecane+ n-octanol and acetic acid + n-butanol systems. 인화점은 액체 용액의 폭발과 화재의 위험성을 특징짓는 가장 중요한 성질 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 두개의 가연성이성분계 혼합물인 n-decane + n-octanol계 및 acetic acid + n-butanol계의 인화점을 Tag 개방식 장치를 활용하여 측정하였다. 인화점은 그룹기여모델인 UNIFAC 식과, 최적화기법에 의해 계산되었다. 그리고 측정값과 비교하였다. 두 방법 모두 측정값을 잘 모사하였다.

비가연성 성분을 포함한 이성분계 액상 용액의 인화점 결정

하동명,이성진 한국가스학회 2019 한국가스학회지 Vol.23 No.3

인화점은 가연성 액체 혼합물의 화재와 폭발의 위험성을 특징짓는 중요한 인화성 지표이다. 본 연구에서는 Seta flash 장치에 의해 water+formic acid 계와 water+acrylic acid 계의 인화점을 측정하였다. 측정한 인화점을 라울의 법칙과 경험식을 이용한 인화점 예측값과 비교하였다. 라울의 법칙을 이용한 예측 결과의 절대평균오차는 water+formic acid 계의 경우 10.7℃였고, water+acrylic acid 계의 경우 4.8℃이었다. 경험식을 이용한 예측 결과의 절대평균오차는 water+formic acid 계의 경우 1.0℃였고, water+acrylic acid 계의 경우 0.5℃이었다. 결과적으로 라울의 법칙에의한 예측값에 비해 경험식에 의한 예측값이 측정값을 보다 잘 모사하였다. Flash point is the important flammability indicator characterizing the risk of fire and explosion of flammable liquid mixture. In this study, flash points of water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid were measured by Seta flash apparatus. The flash points estimated by the methods based on empirical equation and Raoult’s law were compared with experimental flash points. Absolute average errors of the results estimated by Raoult’s law are 10.7℃and 4.8℃ for water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid, respectively. Absolute average errors of the results estimated by empirical equation are 1.0℃and 0.5℃for water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated values by empirical equation simulated the measured values better than those calculated by Raoult's law.

에틸렌글리콜의 MSDS 연소특성치의 신뢰도

하동명 한국위험물학회 2022 한국위험물학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The accurate assessment of combustion characteristics should be made for process and worker safety. In this study, ethylene glycol(EG) which is widely used as a raw material for polyester, fiber, polyurethane, automobile antifreeze, desiccant, pharmaceutical, dynamite, fragrance, and cosmetics, was selected. The combustion characteristics of ethylene glycol are presented in various values according to the literatures, it is necessary to study the reliability of the combustion properties(flash point, fire point, explosion limit, auto-ignition temperature) for the safety of the process. The flash points of the EG were measured by Setaflash(CC, closed-cup), Pensky-Martens(CC), Tag(OC, open cup) and Cleveland testers(OC). And the AIT(auto-ignition temperature) of the EG was measured by ASTM 659E. The explosion limits of the EG was estimated by using the measured flash points and fire points. The flash point of the EG by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens testers were experimented at 110 ℃ and 118 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the EG of Tag and Cleveland testers were experimented at 120 ℃ and 130 ℃, respectively. The AIT of the EG was experimented at 375 ℃. The LEL(lower explosion limt) and UEL(upper explosion limt) calculated by Setaflash tester were calculated at 3.51 vol% and 45.85 vol%, respectively.

The Lower Flash Points of the n-Butanol+n-Decane System

Dong-Myeong Ha,Yong-Chan Choi,Sung-Jin Lee 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

The lower flash points for the binary system, n-butanol+n-decane, were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The experimental results showed the minimum in the flash point versus composition curve. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the reduced model under an ideal solution assumption and the flash point-prediction models based on the Van Laar and Wilson equations. The predictive curve based upon the reduced model deviated form the experimental data for this system. The experimental results were in good agreement with the predictive curves, which use the Van Laar and Wilson equations to estimate activity coefficients. However, the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the Willson equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than that of the flash point prediction model based on the Van Laar equation.